Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2211051
Amit Kumar Bal, S. Gouda, A. Giordano
Wildlife represents an important natural resource for many rural communities, including northeastern India. Many species, in fact, have been an integral part of community lifestyles and culture, contributing to food, traditional medicine, supplemental income, and cultural rituals and practices. The link between a rural community’s socio-economic needs, its development, and its wellbeing, and that community’s dependence on wildlife resources, is complicated, making hunting challenging to disrupt. The commercial value of products coming from rarer species has increased due to growing demand among the middle class across Asia, which is having a negative impact on species populations (Pernetta 2009; Janssen and Krishnasamy 2018). In fact, wildlife trade is so profitable that it is now considered the second largest direct threat to the survival of many species, after habitat destruction (IFAW 2016). For many species, however, hunting and trafficking is the most serious threat to their existence today, and has pushed them to brink of extinction. In recent years, as tigers, leopards, and snow leopards have become rarer, and trade in their parts more challenging due to increased international regulatory policies (e.g. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, CITES), pressure on other, smaller felid species has increased. Clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa and N. diardi), Asiatic golden cats (Catopuma temminckii), and marbled cats (Pardofelis marmorata) are among those species being substituted for their larger kin, as trade in their parts has increased across Myanmar, India, China, Malaysia, and Thailand (Nijman and Shepherd 2015; Nijman et al. 2019; Morcatty et al. 2020) among other countries. Currently, the Asiatic golden cat and marbled cat are categorized as ‘Near Threatened’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (McCarthy et al. 2015; Ross et al. 2016); they are also listed as Appendix I species under CITES, and are considered a Schedule I species under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972). Although widely distributed across India’s northeastern states, the status and viability of these wild populations are still unclear, although all are believed to have been declining for years. Here we report on incidents that are consistent with a flourishing illegal trade in rare small cat species along the Indo–Myanmar border.
野生动物是包括印度东北部在内的许多农村社区的重要自然资源。事实上，许多物种已经成为社区生活方式和文化的组成部分，为食物、传统药物、补充收入以及文化仪式和习俗做出了贡献。农村社区的社会经济需求、发展和福祉与社区对野生动物资源的依赖之间的联系是复杂的，这使得狩猎很难被破坏。由于亚洲各地中产阶级的需求不断增长，来自稀有物种的产品的商业价值有所增加，这对物种种群产生了负面影响(Pernetta 2009;Janssen and Krishnasamy 2018)。事实上，野生动物贸易是如此有利可图，以至于它现在被认为是对许多物种生存的第二大直接威胁，仅次于栖息地破坏(IFAW 2016)。然而，对于许多物种来说，狩猎和贩运是当今对它们生存的最严重威胁，并将它们推向灭绝的边缘。近年来，由于老虎、豹子和雪豹变得越来越稀少，而且由于国际监管政策的增加(例如《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》，CITES)，对其他小型猫科动物的压力也在增加。云豹(Neofelis nebulosa和N. diardi)、亚洲金猫(Catopuma temminckii)和大理石纹猫(Pardofelis marmorata)都是这些物种中被取代的，因为它们的身体部位贸易在缅甸、印度、中国、马来西亚和泰国都有所增加(Nijman and Shepherd 2015;Nijman et al. 2019;Morcatty et al. 2020)。目前，亚洲金猫和大理石纹猫在国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录上被列为“近危”物种(McCarthy et al. 2015;Ross et al. 2016);它们也被列为CITES的附录I物种，并被视为印度野生动物保护法(1972年)的附表I物种。尽管广泛分布在印度东北部各邦，但这些野生种群的状况和生存能力仍不清楚，尽管人们认为它们多年来一直在下降。在这里，我们报道的事件与印度-缅甸边境地区稀有小型猫科动物的非法贸易蓬勃发展相一致。
{"title":"The price of gold? A note on the illegal trade in Asiatic golden cats and other small felids between Mizoram (India) and Myanmar","authors":"Amit Kumar Bal, S. Gouda, A. Giordano","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2211051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2211051","url":null,"abstract":"Wildlife represents an important natural resource for many rural communities, including northeastern India. Many species, in fact, have been an integral part of community lifestyles and culture, contributing to food, traditional medicine, supplemental income, and cultural rituals and practices. The link between a rural community’s socio-economic needs, its development, and its wellbeing, and that community’s dependence on wildlife resources, is complicated, making hunting challenging to disrupt. The commercial value of products coming from rarer species has increased due to growing demand among the middle class across Asia, which is having a negative impact on species populations (Pernetta 2009; Janssen and Krishnasamy 2018). In fact, wildlife trade is so profitable that it is now considered the second largest direct threat to the survival of many species, after habitat destruction (IFAW 2016). For many species, however, hunting and trafficking is the most serious threat to their existence today, and has pushed them to brink of extinction. In recent years, as tigers, leopards, and snow leopards have become rarer, and trade in their parts more challenging due to increased international regulatory policies (e.g. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, CITES), pressure on other, smaller felid species has increased. Clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa and N. diardi), Asiatic golden cats (Catopuma temminckii), and marbled cats (Pardofelis marmorata) are among those species being substituted for their larger kin, as trade in their parts has increased across Myanmar, India, China, Malaysia, and Thailand (Nijman and Shepherd 2015; Nijman et al. 2019; Morcatty et al. 2020) among other countries. Currently, the Asiatic golden cat and marbled cat are categorized as ‘Near Threatened’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (McCarthy et al. 2015; Ross et al. 2016); they are also listed as Appendix I species under CITES, and are considered a Schedule I species under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972). Although widely distributed across India’s northeastern states, the status and viability of these wild populations are still unclear, although all are believed to have been declining for years. Here we report on incidents that are consistent with a flourishing illegal trade in rare small cat species along the Indo–Myanmar border.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"109 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43753249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-13DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2210118
Taïga Léa Kondasso, S. A. Kamgang, P. N. Akono, Aaron Manga Mongombe, Serge Patrick Tadjo, Paul Bour, E. B. Bakwo Fils
ABSTRACT The conservation of many species may be hampered by a lack of sufficient ecological data. This study is aimed at assessing the population status of the giant eland (Tragelaphus derbianus gigas) in the BoubaNdjidda National Park (BNNP). From May to September 2021, 90 line transects spaced at 2.5 km were established, with 83 of them being census-walked once. The data collected were analysed using Distance 7.2 and QGIS software. The encounter rate of giant eland sightings was 1.91 elands/km, while the encounter rate for signs of giant eland activity was 2.11 dung/km; 0.89 footprints/km, and 0.02 carcasses/km. The abundance was estimated at 2924 individuals, with a density of 1.329 individuals/km2. The giant eland population was mainly concentrated in the central part of the park while human activities were mainly concentrated in the periphery. We also observed that poaching and transhumance/pastoralism were the most common human activities in the park. Our results revealed that human activities negatively impact the antelope’s density and distribution in the BNNP.
{"title":"Status of Eastern giant eland Tragelaphus derbianus gigas (Heuglin, 1863) in the Bouba-Ndjidda National Park, North Cameroon: challenges and conservation prospects","authors":"Taïga Léa Kondasso, S. A. Kamgang, P. N. Akono, Aaron Manga Mongombe, Serge Patrick Tadjo, Paul Bour, E. B. Bakwo Fils","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2210118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2210118","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The conservation of many species may be hampered by a lack of sufficient ecological data. This study is aimed at assessing the population status of the giant eland (Tragelaphus derbianus gigas) in the BoubaNdjidda National Park (BNNP). From May to September 2021, 90 line transects spaced at 2.5 km were established, with 83 of them being census-walked once. The data collected were analysed using Distance 7.2 and QGIS software. The encounter rate of giant eland sightings was 1.91 elands/km, while the encounter rate for signs of giant eland activity was 2.11 dung/km; 0.89 footprints/km, and 0.02 carcasses/km. The abundance was estimated at 2924 individuals, with a density of 1.329 individuals/km2. The giant eland population was mainly concentrated in the central part of the park while human activities were mainly concentrated in the periphery. We also observed that poaching and transhumance/pastoralism were the most common human activities in the park. Our results revealed that human activities negatively impact the antelope’s density and distribution in the BNNP.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47749494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2212641
J. Gómez-Márquez
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on Earth, and typically includes plants, animals, fungi, and micro-organisms (bacteria, archaea, and unicellular eukaryotes). As with the definition of life, there is no consensus in the scientific community on the definition of biodiversity. The World Wildlife Fund defines biodiversity ‘as all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area . . .. Each of these species and organisms work together in ecosystems, like an intricate web, to maintain balance and support life’ (https://www.worldwil dlife.org/pages/what-is-biodiversity). In 1993, the United Nations Conference on Biological Diversity defined biological diversity as ‘the variability among living organisms from all sources . . . and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems’ (https://www.cbd.int/convention/articles/?a=cbd-02). The latest consensus definition on biodiversity was proposed in 2019 by the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (https://ipbes.net/glossary/biodiversity) and it reads:
生物多样性是指地球上各种各样的生物，通常包括植物、动物、真菌和微生物（细菌、古菌和单细胞真核生物）。与生命的定义一样，科学界对生物多样性的定义没有达成共识。世界野生动物基金会将生物多样性定义为“在一个地区发现的所有不同种类的生命……”。。这些物种和生物中的每一个都在生态系统中协同工作，就像一张复杂的网，以维持平衡和支持生命。”(https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/what is biodiversity）。1993年，联合国生物多样性会议将生物多样性定义为“所有来源的活生物体之间的变异性。以及它们所属的生态综合体；这包括物种内部、物种之间和生态系统的多样性(https://www.cbd.int/convention/articles/?a=cbd-02）。生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台于2019年提出了关于生物多样性的最新共识定义(https://ipbes.net/glossary/biodiversity)上面写着：
{"title":"The life tree of ecosystems and living worlds","authors":"J. Gómez-Márquez","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2212641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2212641","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on Earth, and typically includes plants, animals, fungi, and micro-organisms (bacteria, archaea, and unicellular eukaryotes). As with the definition of life, there is no consensus in the scientific community on the definition of biodiversity. The World Wildlife Fund defines biodiversity ‘as all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area . . .. Each of these species and organisms work together in ecosystems, like an intricate web, to maintain balance and support life’ (https://www.worldwil dlife.org/pages/what-is-biodiversity). In 1993, the United Nations Conference on Biological Diversity defined biological diversity as ‘the variability among living organisms from all sources . . . and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems’ (https://www.cbd.int/convention/articles/?a=cbd-02). The latest consensus definition on biodiversity was proposed in 2019 by the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (https://ipbes.net/glossary/biodiversity) and it reads:","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"114 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41581796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2210110
Shiela L. Vidallon, A. Arriola
ABSTRACT Mt. Mariveles, a part of the Western Volcanic Chain of Luzon Island, has two trails, the Tarak ridge trail located at Mariveles, Bataan, and Pantingan Peak located at Bagac, Bataan. Tarak ridge trail is a famous place for mountaineering since it has difficult climbs near Manila. Conversely, people looking for a hiking adventure typically do the PantinganTarak Traverse which is known to mountaineers as ‘PANTARAK’. A preliminary checklist of vascular plants was done along the Tarak ridge trail but a comprehensive study on Rubiaceae in the entire mountain region has yet to be completed. Therefore, we conducted an inventory of Rubiaceae on Mt. Mariveles, Bataan. Collections were done between October 2019 and May 2022 within the area of the two trails. In total, 13 Rubiaceae species in nine genera were recorded in Mt. Mariveles, Bataan. Four endemic species of Rubiaceae were recorded in the study: Ixora macrophylla, Ixora cumingiana, Psychotria rubiginosa and the endangered Psychotria bataanensis. This study presents a checklist of Rubiaceae in Mt. Mariveles, Bataan, that will greatly contribute to the documented biodiversity of Philippine flora.
{"title":"A preliminary checklist of Rubiaceae in Mt. Mariveles, Bataan, Philippines","authors":"Shiela L. Vidallon, A. Arriola","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2210110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2210110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mt. Mariveles, a part of the Western Volcanic Chain of Luzon Island, has two trails, the Tarak ridge trail located at Mariveles, Bataan, and Pantingan Peak located at Bagac, Bataan. Tarak ridge trail is a famous place for mountaineering since it has difficult climbs near Manila. Conversely, people looking for a hiking adventure typically do the PantinganTarak Traverse which is known to mountaineers as ‘PANTARAK’. A preliminary checklist of vascular plants was done along the Tarak ridge trail but a comprehensive study on Rubiaceae in the entire mountain region has yet to be completed. Therefore, we conducted an inventory of Rubiaceae on Mt. Mariveles, Bataan. Collections were done between October 2019 and May 2022 within the area of the two trails. In total, 13 Rubiaceae species in nine genera were recorded in Mt. Mariveles, Bataan. Four endemic species of Rubiaceae were recorded in the study: Ixora macrophylla, Ixora cumingiana, Psychotria rubiginosa and the endangered Psychotria bataanensis. This study presents a checklist of Rubiaceae in Mt. Mariveles, Bataan, that will greatly contribute to the documented biodiversity of Philippine flora.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"164 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43286970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2210119
Kier Celestial Dela Cruz, Sumaira S. Abdullah, A. Agduma, K. Tanalgo
ABSTRACT Mindanao, one of the three major groups of islands in the Philippines, is known for its diverse and unique species. Despite its biological significance, conservation efforts aimed at protecting its wildlife have been inadequate. To address this, a comprehensive biodiversity synthesis was conducted, focussing on the birds and mammals of Mindanao. This analysis was based on published papers from 2000 to 2022, aiming to identify conservation priorities at both species and site levels. This present synthesis of 69 bird and mammal articles accounted for 404 species of birds (83%) and mammals (17%). As expected, the analysis found that endemic species are more vulnerable to extinction than widely distributed species. The study also showed that endemic and threatened species in Mindanao are more dependent on increasing the remaining forest cover. This study highlights the importance of biodiversity data synthesis to aid in conserving unique species in Mindanao and the need to prioritize conservation efforts based on the distribution and vulnerability of species. Key policy insights Increasing local conservation efforts and studies in Mindanao should be prioritized, particularly for understudied species, interactions, and sites. The findings of the current synthesis support the importance of increasing forest reserves and protected areas to circumvent biodiversity loss in Mindanao. Advocating for FAIR data sharing (referring to findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) among institutions can improve the understanding of biodiversity patterns in Mindanao by ensuring easy access, integration, and reusability of data for research and conservation strategies. The approach used in this work could be applied in other taxonomic groups and sites for comparative analysis of priorities. The biodiversity patterns observed in Mindanao potentially apply to the Philippines as a whole, and these gaps need to be further addressed in future work and funding allocations.
{"title":"Early twenty-first century biodiversity data pinpoint key targets for bird and mammal conservation in Mindanao, Southern Philippines","authors":"Kier Celestial Dela Cruz, Sumaira S. Abdullah, A. Agduma, K. Tanalgo","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2210119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2210119","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mindanao, one of the three major groups of islands in the Philippines, is known for its diverse and unique species. Despite its biological significance, conservation efforts aimed at protecting its wildlife have been inadequate. To address this, a comprehensive biodiversity synthesis was conducted, focussing on the birds and mammals of Mindanao. This analysis was based on published papers from 2000 to 2022, aiming to identify conservation priorities at both species and site levels. This present synthesis of 69 bird and mammal articles accounted for 404 species of birds (83%) and mammals (17%). As expected, the analysis found that endemic species are more vulnerable to extinction than widely distributed species. The study also showed that endemic and threatened species in Mindanao are more dependent on increasing the remaining forest cover. This study highlights the importance of biodiversity data synthesis to aid in conserving unique species in Mindanao and the need to prioritize conservation efforts based on the distribution and vulnerability of species. Key policy insights Increasing local conservation efforts and studies in Mindanao should be prioritized, particularly for understudied species, interactions, and sites. The findings of the current synthesis support the importance of increasing forest reserves and protected areas to circumvent biodiversity loss in Mindanao. Advocating for FAIR data sharing (referring to findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) among institutions can improve the understanding of biodiversity patterns in Mindanao by ensuring easy access, integration, and reusability of data for research and conservation strategies. The approach used in this work could be applied in other taxonomic groups and sites for comparative analysis of priorities. The biodiversity patterns observed in Mindanao potentially apply to the Philippines as a whole, and these gaps need to be further addressed in future work and funding allocations.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"146 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49640069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2210130
A. Pandey, N. Chettri
Mountains, accounting for 24% of the global terrestrial area, occur on all continents, in all latitudinal zones, and within all of the principal biomes. As fragile ecosystems, mountains represent unique areas for detecting climate change and its impacts. Mountain ecosystems are receiving increasing attention in international debates due to their rich biodiversity and the cascading effects of a warming climate on humanity. The yearly conferences under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) serve as the formal meeting of the Conference of the Parties to assess the progress in dealing with climate change. Considering the intricate link between climate change and biodiversity loss and its impact on human well-being, an international conference entitled ‘Mountain Ecosystems: Biodiversity and Adaptations under Climate Change Scenarios’ was held at the Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun, India (22–24 March 2023). The conference hosted some of the leading research groups working on remote mountain ecosystems (i.e. Himalayan, Antarctic, and Andean). The discussions focussed on the state of biodiversity under prevailing climate change scenarios, with particular reference to adaptations and applications of socio-ecological resilience, livelihood diversification, evolving development policies, and nature-based solutions for mountain ecosystems and the people residing there. The conference involved specific discussions on three significant mountain ecosystems:
{"title":"International conference on mountain ecosystems: biodiversity and adaptations under climate change scenario (22–24 March 2023)","authors":"A. Pandey, N. Chettri","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2210130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2210130","url":null,"abstract":"Mountains, accounting for 24% of the global terrestrial area, occur on all continents, in all latitudinal zones, and within all of the principal biomes. As fragile ecosystems, mountains represent unique areas for detecting climate change and its impacts. Mountain ecosystems are receiving increasing attention in international debates due to their rich biodiversity and the cascading effects of a warming climate on humanity. The yearly conferences under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) serve as the formal meeting of the Conference of the Parties to assess the progress in dealing with climate change. Considering the intricate link between climate change and biodiversity loss and its impact on human well-being, an international conference entitled ‘Mountain Ecosystems: Biodiversity and Adaptations under Climate Change Scenarios’ was held at the Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun, India (22–24 March 2023). The conference hosted some of the leading research groups working on remote mountain ecosystems (i.e. Himalayan, Antarctic, and Andean). The discussions focussed on the state of biodiversity under prevailing climate change scenarios, with particular reference to adaptations and applications of socio-ecological resilience, livelihood diversification, evolving development policies, and nature-based solutions for mountain ecosystems and the people residing there. The conference involved specific discussions on three significant mountain ecosystems:","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"112 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42632083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2192687
Gaia Mascetti, R. Gentili, C. Ferré, Roberto Fuccella, Sara Agaba, Nicolò Pricca, G. Cabassi, M. Povolo, R. Comolli
Alpine land use is possibly as old as human presence in mountain foothills and forelands. Hunting and pasturing have influenced alpine vegetation in temperate zone mountains for at least 6000 years (Gilck and Poschlod 2019). Today, pastures are one of the fundamental components of the landscape of the Alps and represent agroecosystems with high naturalistic, economic and cultural values. The origin of alpine pastures has been mainly due to productive purposes. For centuries, mountain animal husbandry and pasture feeding have provided highquality dairy products, thanks to the high biodiversity of plant species found in mountain pastures, which gives the product a high nutritional and organoleptic value (Collomb et al. 2008). The quality of these products is also influenced by the welfare of the livestock, which is largely due to their freedom of movement and the ability to choose a ‘natural’ diet through freegrazing management (Villalba et al. 2015). Today, the use of alpine pastures also exerts a crucial role in handing down culture and traditions of mountain communities and in preserving and promoting historical infrastructure (Battaglini et al. 2014). Pastures have also gained a tourism significance since they have made aesthetically attractive mountain landscapes easily accessible and usable for hiking and other sport practices (Pachoud et al. 2020; Schirpke et al. 2016). Other important ecosystem services carried out by pastures are related to the environment. Through their work, farmers actively contribute to the maintenance of a usable landscape, biodiversity conservation and soil protection. Proper herd management and optimal grazing pressure are essential to meet livestock food demands, maintain healthy grass cover, and prevent soil degradation (Baronti et al. 2022). Soil conservation is crucial to preserve ecosystem services such as biomass production, carbon sequestration, and water retention capacity. Effective pastoral system management promotes plant biodiversity (Yuan et al. 2016) and supports other organisms, safeguarding wildlife habitats and providing food for herbivorous animals. Additionally, pastures mitigate natural hazards by serving as open spaces that play a crucial role in fighting forest fires, particularly in resinous forests. Unfortunately, in the last century, as a result of the depopulation of mountain regions, pasture-based systems have suffered severe abandonment (Battaglini et al. 2014). The abandonment and low grazing pressure of a pasture lead to a progressive ecological succession (Cislaghi et al. 2019), favouring the spread of undemanding herbaceous species of low foraging value (such as Nardus stricta) and, when pastures are below the forest line, the recolonization of tree and shrub species (such as Larix decidua, Picea abies, Rhododendron ferrugineum and Vaccinium spp.). This phenomenon, called renaturation, causes a loss of forage biomass productivity, plant biodiversity (Yuan et al. 2016) and ecosystem se
高山土地的使用可能与人类在山麓和前陆的存在一样古老。狩猎和放牧对温带山区高山植被的影响至少已有6000年(Gilck and Poschlod 2019)。如今，牧场是阿尔卑斯山景观的基本组成部分之一，代表着具有高度自然、经济和文化价值的农业生态系统。高山牧场的起源主要是出于生产目的。几个世纪以来，山地畜牧业和牧场喂养提供了高质量的乳制品，这要归功于山地牧场中发现的高度生物多样性的植物物种，这使得产品具有很高的营养和感官价值(Collomb et al. 2008)。这些产品的质量也受到牲畜福利的影响，这在很大程度上是由于它们的行动自由和通过自由放牧管理选择“自然”饮食的能力(Villalba et al. 2015)。今天，高山牧场的利用在传承山区社区的文化和传统以及保护和促进历史基础设施方面也发挥着至关重要的作用(Battaglini et al. 2014)。牧场也获得了旅游意义，因为它们使具有美学吸引力的山地景观易于进入，并可用于徒步旅行和其他体育活动(Pachoud等人，2020;Schirpke et al. 2016)。牧场提供的其他重要生态系统服务与环境有关。通过他们的工作，农民积极地为维持可用的景观、生物多样性保护和土壤保护作出贡献。适当的畜群管理和最佳放牧压力对于满足牲畜食物需求、保持健康的草地覆盖和防止土壤退化至关重要(Baronti et al. 2022)。土壤保持对于维持生态系统服务，如生物质生产、固碳和保水能力至关重要。有效的牧区系统管理促进植物生物多样性(Yuan et al. 2016)，支持其他生物，保护野生动物栖息地，为草食性动物提供食物。此外，牧场作为开放空间，在扑灭森林火灾中发挥着至关重要的作用，减轻了自然灾害，特别是在树脂林中。不幸的是，在上个世纪，由于山区人口减少，以牧场为基础的系统遭受了严重的遗弃(Battaglini et al. 2014)。放弃和低放牧草场的压力导致进步的生态演替(Cislaghi et al . 2019),有利于低觅食的草本物种的传播价值(如Nardus一成不变),当牧场森林线以下,开拓殖民地的树和灌木物种(如落叶松属蜕膜,挪威云杉,杜鹃ferrugineum和Vaccinium spp)。。这种现象被称为“再自然化”，它会导致牧草生物量生产力、植物生物多样性(Yuan et al. 2016)以及与土壤功能(固碳、保水能力等)相关的生态系统服务功能的丧失。气候变化的影响加剧了高寒牧场的退化(Dibari et al. 2021)。近几十年来，气温的升高导致了全球所有山脉的树线和嗜热草本物种的向上迁移。牧场环境条件和植物种类组成的改变可能对乳制品生产产生负面影响，从而形成恶性循环，使农民不愿利用山地牧场。刚才概述的情况表明，高山牧场是多么珍贵而脆弱的生态系统
{"title":"Sustainable management, critical issues and environmental services of a pastoral system in the Central Alps","authors":"Gaia Mascetti, R. Gentili, C. Ferré, Roberto Fuccella, Sara Agaba, Nicolò Pricca, G. Cabassi, M. Povolo, R. Comolli","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2192687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2192687","url":null,"abstract":"Alpine land use is possibly as old as human presence in mountain foothills and forelands. Hunting and pasturing have influenced alpine vegetation in temperate zone mountains for at least 6000 years (Gilck and Poschlod 2019). Today, pastures are one of the fundamental components of the landscape of the Alps and represent agroecosystems with high naturalistic, economic and cultural values. The origin of alpine pastures has been mainly due to productive purposes. For centuries, mountain animal husbandry and pasture feeding have provided highquality dairy products, thanks to the high biodiversity of plant species found in mountain pastures, which gives the product a high nutritional and organoleptic value (Collomb et al. 2008). The quality of these products is also influenced by the welfare of the livestock, which is largely due to their freedom of movement and the ability to choose a ‘natural’ diet through freegrazing management (Villalba et al. 2015). Today, the use of alpine pastures also exerts a crucial role in handing down culture and traditions of mountain communities and in preserving and promoting historical infrastructure (Battaglini et al. 2014). Pastures have also gained a tourism significance since they have made aesthetically attractive mountain landscapes easily accessible and usable for hiking and other sport practices (Pachoud et al. 2020; Schirpke et al. 2016). Other important ecosystem services carried out by pastures are related to the environment. Through their work, farmers actively contribute to the maintenance of a usable landscape, biodiversity conservation and soil protection. Proper herd management and optimal grazing pressure are essential to meet livestock food demands, maintain healthy grass cover, and prevent soil degradation (Baronti et al. 2022). Soil conservation is crucial to preserve ecosystem services such as biomass production, carbon sequestration, and water retention capacity. Effective pastoral system management promotes plant biodiversity (Yuan et al. 2016) and supports other organisms, safeguarding wildlife habitats and providing food for herbivorous animals. Additionally, pastures mitigate natural hazards by serving as open spaces that play a crucial role in fighting forest fires, particularly in resinous forests. Unfortunately, in the last century, as a result of the depopulation of mountain regions, pasture-based systems have suffered severe abandonment (Battaglini et al. 2014). The abandonment and low grazing pressure of a pasture lead to a progressive ecological succession (Cislaghi et al. 2019), favouring the spread of undemanding herbaceous species of low foraging value (such as Nardus stricta) and, when pastures are below the forest line, the recolonization of tree and shrub species (such as Larix decidua, Picea abies, Rhododendron ferrugineum and Vaccinium spp.). This phenomenon, called renaturation, causes a loss of forage biomass productivity, plant biodiversity (Yuan et al. 2016) and ecosystem se","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"79 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48839491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2194860
M. Root-Bernstein
{"title":"Environmental anthropology and the interpretation of landscapes: review of The fluvial imagination","authors":"M. Root-Bernstein","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2194860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2194860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"105 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48140089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2195829
Uttam Das, B. Behera
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the trends, patterns and determinants of biodiversity conservation in the Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR), India. Temporal remote sensing data from 1990 to 2020 shows a loss of 27.69 km2. The results show that the total forest area has seen a significant decline from 1990 to 2020, whereas non-forest and degraded forest areas have been on the rise. The decline of forest area is observed more in fringe and lower altitude areas where accessibility is easy for humans to extract forest resources. The secondary data shows a decline in the wildlife population including the flagship species, the Bengal tiger. The decline in natural resources due to human activities in the BTR is likely to continue unless a participatory biodiversity conservation programme is established. The establishment of the Joint Forest Management Committee (JFMC), a formal local institution where local communities and forest departments (FDs) jointly share the rights and responsibility towards the use and management of the forest, seems to be effective in reducing negative forest activities. The sustainability of the BTR is possible if the local people abandon the ‘tragedy of the commons’ activities and work together, with government guidance for the promotion of livelihoods and biodiversity conservation.
{"title":"Trends, patterns and determinants of biodiversity conservation outcomes in Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India","authors":"Uttam Das, B. Behera","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2195829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2195829","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyses the trends, patterns and determinants of biodiversity conservation in the Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR), India. Temporal remote sensing data from 1990 to 2020 shows a loss of 27.69 km2. The results show that the total forest area has seen a significant decline from 1990 to 2020, whereas non-forest and degraded forest areas have been on the rise. The decline of forest area is observed more in fringe and lower altitude areas where accessibility is easy for humans to extract forest resources. The secondary data shows a decline in the wildlife population including the flagship species, the Bengal tiger. The decline in natural resources due to human activities in the BTR is likely to continue unless a participatory biodiversity conservation programme is established. The establishment of the Joint Forest Management Committee (JFMC), a formal local institution where local communities and forest departments (FDs) jointly share the rights and responsibility towards the use and management of the forest, seems to be effective in reducing negative forest activities. The sustainability of the BTR is possible if the local people abandon the ‘tragedy of the commons’ activities and work together, with government guidance for the promotion of livelihoods and biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"2 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43137427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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