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Measuring Walkability for More Liveable and Sustainable Cities 衡量更宜居和可持续发展城市的步行性
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.53910/26531313-e2020801422
Müge Akkar Ercan, Züleyha Sara Belge
Walkability is of rising importance in planning and design circles. In Turkey and the world, it is increasingly recognized as an urban strategy to create healthy societies within sustainable and ‘liveable’ cities. Despite this interest, the extent to which Turkish cities are walkable remains questionable. Defining the performative features of walkability, this research offers a micro- scale walkability assessment model with eight qualitative and quantitative factors of urban design. Describing the model with its factors, this article first presents a research methodology, then explores the walkability level of the historic city centre of Mersin, specifically Ataturk and Uray Streets (AUS). Finally, it discusses the major planning and design strategies that can improve walkability and liveability level of the historic city centre of Mersin, and underlines the contributions the model can make to current planning practice with reference to inclusive, human-centred and flexible design approaches. The research concludes that a sensitive qualitative and quantitative assessment of walkability is necessary to identify the walkability level of urban space. Additionally, it suggests that a comprehensive, integrated, and multi-dimensional planning and design approach regarding micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale is required to develop holistic and integrated urban design strategies to achieve walkable, liveable and sustainable cities.
在规划和设计界,可步行性越来越重要。在土耳其和全世界,越来越多的人认识到,在可持续和“宜居”的城市中创建健康社会是一种城市战略。尽管有这种兴趣,但土耳其城市适合步行的程度仍然值得怀疑。在界定可步行性的表现特征的基础上,提出了包含城市设计八个定性和定量因素的微尺度可步行性评价模型。本文描述了该模型及其因素,首先提出了一种研究方法,然后探讨了梅尔辛历史城市中心的步行水平,特别是阿塔图尔克和乌雷街(AUS)。最后,讨论了可以提高梅尔辛历史城市中心的步行性和宜居性水平的主要规划和设计策略,并强调了该模型可以参考包容性,以人为本和灵活的设计方法对当前规划实践的贡献。研究认为,对城市空间的可步行性进行敏感的定性和定量评价是确定城市空间可步行性水平的必要条件。此外,研究还表明,需要从微观尺度、中观尺度和宏观尺度出发,采用全面、综合、多维度的规划设计方法,制定整体、综合的城市设计策略,以实现可步行、宜居和可持续发展的城市。
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引用次数: 0
Towards Sustainable Habitats in Turkey 在土耳其实现可持续栖息地
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.53910/26531313-e2020801436
D. Oktay
Considering the serious environmental and social problems faced during the last few decades and the extensive neglect and devastation of local sources and values, urban development practice cannot be said to be meeting sustainability requirements in most habitats. Urban planning and design are not merely engaged in the visual qualities of urban places but should be recognized as processes through which we consciously shape and manage our habitats with a focus on meeting the requirements of sustainable urbanism. This article firstly explores the logic of sustainable urbanism through a review of its philosophical and practical framework; secondly, it provides a critical assessment of contemporary approaches to sustainable urbanism; and thirdly, it analyses the traditional Turkish (Ottoman) city, which provides valuable clues for sustainable habitats with identity. These evaluations indicate that instead of advocating compactness in all cases, randomly mixing of uses, and promoting car-oriented developments; planners and designers should promote context-sensitive compactness, completeness, and sustainable movement patterns and connectedness. Moreover, rather than relying on standardized urban design guides, practicing ‘green-washed’ architecture and urbanism, creating left-over spaces through planning, and ignoring the peculiarities of the community, practitioners should foster urban identity, promote access to nature and sensitivity to the natural ecology, create sustainable public spaces, and develop social sustainability. These alternative measures are essential for creating sustainability in the urban environment of future habitats.
考虑到过去几十年面临的严重的环境和社会问题以及对当地资源和价值的广泛忽视和破坏,城市发展的做法不能说满足了大多数生境的可持续性要求。城市规划和设计不仅涉及城市场所的视觉质量,而且应被视为我们有意识地塑造和管理我们的栖息地的过程,重点是满足可持续城市主义的要求。本文首先通过对可持续城市主义的哲学框架和实践框架的回顾,探讨了可持续城市主义的逻辑;其次,它提供了对可持续城市化的当代方法的批判性评估;第三,分析了传统的土耳其(奥斯曼)城市,为具有身份的可持续栖息地提供了有价值的线索。这些评价表明,与其在所有情况下都提倡紧凑,随意混合使用,并促进以汽车为导向的发展;规划师和设计师应该促进环境敏感的紧凑性、完整性和可持续的运动模式和连通性。此外,从业者不应依赖标准化的城市设计指南,实践“绿色”建筑和城市主义,通过规划创造剩余空间,忽视社区的特殊性,而应培育城市身份,促进对自然的接近和对自然生态的敏感,创造可持续的公共空间,发展社会的可持续性。这些替代措施对于在未来栖息地的城市环境中创造可持续性至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The Cities, Security and Poverty 城市、安全与贫困
Pub Date : 2021-06-08 DOI: 10.53910/26531313-e2020801461
Onur Tümtürk
The 2013 Meeting of the World Society for Ekistics was held in Ankara, Turkey under the theme of ‘The Cities, Security and Poverty’. The proceedings of this international meeting, edited by Meltem Yılmaz and H. Çağatay Keskinok, forms an overarching perspective for the changing power relations of the global world and its socio-spatial implications on human settlements with reference to the key issues of weakening public sphere and communality, increasing socio-spatial fragmentations and inequalities, and emerging security problems related with both political insurgences and environmental risks and degradations. Although the content of the proceedings book is not structured under certain sub-headings and themes, it is possible to categorize the contributions of the compilation of 18 distinctive articles as follow: (i) changing power relations and its implications on society and public sphere; (ii) spatial manifestations of changing power relations, spatial transformation and segregation; (iii) crime and security problems in urban spaces; (iv) ecological transitions and sustainability issues; (v) disaster risks and security concerns. The review of this valuable book would bring forward the problematic issues of security and poverty by especially highlighting the recent socio-spatial experiences in Turkish cities and hopefully offer a humble contribution for the upcoming Special Issue: Turkey, Urbanism and the New Habitat.
2013年世界体育学会会议在土耳其安卡拉举行,主题是“城市、安全与贫困”。本次国际会议的会议记录,由Meltem Yılmaz和H. Çağatay Keskinok编辑,形成了一个关于全球世界不断变化的权力关系及其对人类住区的社会空间影响的总体视角,涉及公共领域和社区弱化,社会空间碎片化和不平等加剧,以及与政治叛乱和环境风险和退化相关的新兴安全问题。虽然会议记录册的内容没有按照某些小标题和主题进行组织,但可以将汇编的18篇特色文章的贡献分类如下:(i)不断变化的权力关系及其对社会和公共领域的影响;(2)权力关系变化、空间转换和空间隔离的空间表现;(三)城市空间的犯罪和安全问题;生态转型和可持续性问题;(五)灾害风险和安全问题。对这本有价值的书的评论将通过特别强调土耳其城市最近的社会空间经验,提出安全和贫困的问题,并希望为即将出版的特刊:土耳其,城市化和新栖息地提供微薄的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Separating out the levels: Globalization, identity, and the Ekistic Grid in sociological perspective 分离层次:全球化、身份和社会学视角下的社会网格
Pub Date : 2019-04-17 DOI: 10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441113
W. Michelson
The author is S.D. Clark Professor of Sociology, Emeritus, at the University of Toronto. His special areas are Urban Sociology and Social Ecology, with a focus on built environments. His most recent book is Time Use: Expanding Explanation in the Social Sciences (Boulder, CO,Paradigm Publishers, 2005). Previous books include: Man and his Urban Environment: A Sociological Approach (1970 and 1976), Environmental Choice, Human Behavior, and Residential Satisfaction (1977), From Sun to Sun: Daily Obligations and Community Structure in the Lives of Employed Women and their Families (1985), Methods in Environmental and Behavioral Research (1987), and the Handbook of Environmental Sociology (2002). He is a member of the World Society for Ekistics, as well as the Royal Society of Canada. The text that follows is a slightly revised and edited version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "Globalization and Local Identity," organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005.
本文作者是多伦多大学名誉社会学S.D. Clark教授。他的研究领域是城市社会学和社会生态学,主要关注建筑环境。他最近的著作是《时间使用:社会科学的扩展解释》(科罗拉多州博尔德,范式出版社,2005年)。之前的著作包括:《人及其城市环境:社会学方法》(1970年和1976年)、《环境选择、人类行为和居住满意度》(1977年)、《从太阳到太阳:职业妇女及其家庭生活中的日常义务和社区结构》(1985年)、《环境和行为研究方法》(1987年)和《环境社会学手册》(2002年)。他是世界体育学会的成员,也是加拿大皇家学会的成员。以下文本是在2005年9月19日至24日由世界体育学会和日本志贺县大学联合举办的“全球化和地方认同”国际研讨会上发表的一篇论文的稍微修改和编辑的版本。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge society: Cultural and post-cultural questions and implications for an ekistics approach 知识社会:文化和后文化问题及其对语言学方法的影响
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.53910/26531313-e200673436-44197
D. Agrafiotis
The author graduated in Chemical Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), obtained his M.Sc in Chemical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin in 1970, with postgraduate studies in Business Management from the Athens School of Commercial Studies in 1972 and obtained his Ph. D from the Université Paris IX-Dauphine (1976-1978). He is a member of 20 scientific associations and committees including the World Society for Ekistics. The text that follows is a slightly revised and edited version of a paper presented by the author at the international symposion on " Globalization and Local Identity, " organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005.
作者毕业于雅典国立技术大学(NTUA)化学工程专业,1970年在威斯康星大学获得化学工程硕士学位,1972年在雅典商业研究学院获得企业管理研究生学位,1976-1978年在巴黎第九大学获得博士学位。他是包括世界Ekistics协会在内的20个科学协会和委员会的成员。以下文本是作者在2005年9月19日至24日由世界体育学会和日本志贺县大学联合举办的“全球化与地方认同”国际研讨会上发表的论文的略微修改和编辑版本。
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引用次数: 0
The Expo 70 as a debate for the creation of "democratic" cities 70年世博会是一场关于创建“民主”城市的辩论
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441130
A. F. Urushima
The author has an MA from the Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies of Kyoto University and is currently a Ph. D student in the same department. She holds a degree of Architect and Urban Planner from the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning of the University of São Paulo, where she worked on the elaboration of regional plans in Brazil. She was awarded 3rd prize for the work entitled "Project of settlement for the landless workers' movement" in the World Congress on Environmental Design for the New Millennium (Korea, 2000); and 2nd prize for the work entitled "Water Continual" in the Latin American Student Competition for Sustainable and Biodimatic Design (Brazil, 1999). The text that follows is a slightly edited version of a paper presented by the author at the international symposion on "Globalization and Local Identity," organized jointly bythe World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005.
作者毕业于京都大学人类与环境研究所,获硕士学位,现为京都大学人类与环境研究所博士研究生。她拥有圣保罗大学建筑与城市规划学院的建筑师和城市规划师学位,在那里她从事巴西区域规划的制定工作。2000年,在韩国举行的新千年世界环境设计大会上,她的作品《无地工人运动的解决方案》荣获三等奖;在拉丁美洲学生可持续和生物设计竞赛中获得“水的持续”二等奖(巴西,1999年)。下面的文字是作者在2005年9月19日至24日由世界体育学会和日本志贺县大学联合举办的“全球化与地方认同”国际研讨会上发表的一篇论文的略微编辑版。
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引用次数: 0
East-West: US-Japan exchange and its effects on community development: An interactive case study of Jamaica Plain and Zushi 东西方:美日交流及其对社区发展的影响——以牙买加平原和足市为例
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441111
E. Shoshkes
Dr Shoshkes is an architect and planner based in Portland, Oregon, where she is Adjunct Associate Professor of urban planning at Portland State University. She is currently undertaking archival research and conducting oral histories regarding Jaqueline Tyrwhitt (1905-1983), the town planner, editor, and educator, as the beginning phase of "Hidden Voice: the Contribution of Jaqueline Tyrwhitt to the Origins and Evolution of Urban Design in America, 1945-1976." This paper is based on her previous work concerning Tyrwhitt in context of an inquiry into the larger topic of the impact of the creative dialogue between East and West on the field of community development.
Shoshkes博士是俄勒冈州波特兰市的建筑师和规划师,她是波特兰州立大学城市规划兼职副教授。她目前正在进行档案研究,并对杰奎琳·Tyrwhitt(1905-1983)进行口述历史研究,杰奎琳·Tyrwhitt是一位城市规划师、编辑和教育家,作为“隐藏的声音:杰奎琳·Tyrwhitt对1945-1976年美国城市设计起源和演变的贡献”的开始阶段。这篇论文是基于她之前关于Tyrwhitt的工作,在对东西方创造性对话对社区发展领域的影响这一更大主题进行调查的背景下进行的。
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引用次数: 0
Globalization, gender equity and local identity in Nigeria Globalization, gender equity and local identity in Nigeria 尼日利亚的全球化、性别平等和地方认同
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441124
J. Omokhodion
The author, holder of a Bachelor's degree in Sociology, a Masters'degree in Education Sociology, both from the University of Lagos, Nigeria, and a Ph.D in Sociology of Education from the University of Birmingham, England, is currently an Associate Professor of Sociology of Education at Lagos State University, and an Adjunct Professorat Union Institute and University Graduate College, Cincinnati, Ohio,USA. She has over 40 publications (national and international) which include journal articles, book chapters, monographs, text books and commissioned empirical research reports. Dr Omokhodion is an external examiner to some Nigerian universities, a consultant to UNICEF, UNESCO and UNDP, Nigeria Country Offices, Federal Ministry of Education, National Commission for Mass Literacy, Adult and Non-Formal education, and does accreditation of Courses for Nigerian Colleges of Education. She is currently working on an expanded version of her book on the Sociology of Esan, Edo State, Nigeria and on another book on The Sociology of African Families. Dr Omokhodion is a member of the World Society for Ekistics. The text that follows is a slightly revised and edited version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "Globalization and LocalIdentity," organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September 2005.
作者拥有尼日利亚拉各斯大学社会学学士学位、教育社会学硕士学位和英国伯明翰大学教育社会学博士学位,现任拉各斯州立大学教育社会学副教授,美国俄亥俄州辛辛那提联合研究所和大学研究生院兼职教授。她发表了40多篇国内外出版物,包括期刊文章、书籍章节、专著、教科书和委托实证研究报告。Omokhodion博士是尼日利亚一些大学的外部考官,联合国儿童基金会、联合国教科文组织和联合国开发计划署、尼日利亚国家办事处、联邦教育部、全国大众扫盲、成人和非正规教育委员会的顾问,并对尼日利亚教育学院的课程进行认证。目前,她正在撰写一本关于尼日利亚埃多州埃桑社会学的书的扩充版,以及另一本关于非洲家庭社会学的书。Omokhodion博士是世界体育学会的成员。下面的文本是在2005年9月19日至24日由世界体育学会和日本志贺县大学联合举办的“全球化和地方认同”国际研讨会上发表的一篇论文的稍微修改和编辑的版本。
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引用次数: 1
Globalization, art and the art system 全球化,艺术和艺术体系
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441115
M. Bolognini
The author's research interests are: art, technology and democracy. On this latter subject he has published several essays and a book entitled Democrazia elettronica (Carocci, Rome, 2001). As an artist he has worked with digital technologies since the 1980s. One of his best-known works is Computer sigillati (Sealed Computers, 1992): more than 200 machines which are programmed to produce flows of random images and then left to work indefinitely, usually without monitors. His works have been exhibited widely in Europe and the USA. He has put on shows, presentations and performances in Paris, New York , Los Angeles, San Francisco, Sydney. His latest one-man shows include: Museo Laboratorio di Arte Contemporanea (Rome, 2003), WilliamsburgArt& Historical Center (New York, 2003), Museo di Arte ContemporaneaVilla Croce (Genoa, 2005). Latest books on his work: D. Scudero (ed.),Maurizio Bolognini: Installazioni, disegni, azioni (on/off line), (Lithos,2003); and S. Solimano (ed.), Maurizio Bolognini: Infinity out of Control(Neos, 2005). The text that follows was made available to the participants of the international symposion on "Globalization and Local Identity, " organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005, which the author was finally unable to attend.
主要研究方向为:艺术、技术与民主。关于后一个主题,他发表了几篇论文和一本名为《电子民主》(Carocci,罗马,2001年)的书。作为一名艺术家,他自20世纪80年代以来一直与数字技术打交道。他最著名的作品之一是Computer sigillati(密封计算机,1992年):200多台机器被编程生成随机图像流,然后无限期地工作,通常没有监视器。他的作品曾在欧洲和美国广泛展出。他曾在巴黎、纽约、洛杉矶、旧金山、悉尼等地举办过展览、演讲和表演。他最近的个人展览包括:当代艺术实验室博物馆(罗马,2003),威廉斯堡美术馆和历史中心(纽约,2003),当代艺术博物馆(热那亚,2005)。最新著作:D. Scudero(主编),Maurizio Bolognini: Installazioni, disegni, azioni(在线/离线),(Lithos,2003);S. Solimano主编,Maurizio Bolognini:无限失控(Neos, 2005)。以下文本已提供给2005年9月19日至24日由世界体育学会和日本日根县滋贺大学联合举办的“全球化与地方认同”国际研讨会的与会者,但作者最终未能出席。
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引用次数: 1
Globalization and local identity: Introductory statement by the WSE President 全球化和地方认同:WSE总裁的介绍性陈述
Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.53910/26531313-e200673436-44195
S. Keller
The author, President of the World Society for Ekistics, has served as Professor of Sociology at Princeton University for more than three decades, specializing in the study of Elites and Leadership, Urbanism,and Social Architecture (for the School of Architecture). An early Ekistician, she taught architects and planners at the Athens Center of Ekistics and was part of the overall research program. The goal to have a sociologist play such a central role during those formative years of ekistics was to expand the perspective of architects, planners, and builders to include sociological and psychological concepts and ideas. The recipient of numerous awards and fellowships, she is the author of a leading textbook in Sociology, The Urban Neighborhood (Random House,1968) actually begun in Athens, and most recently, Community, Pursuing the Dream, Living the Reality (Princeton University Press,2004) which received the Amalfi Prize of 2005. She is currently at work on Adult, that is Retirement Communities. The text that follows is an introductory statement to the international symposion on Globalizationand Local Identity, organized jointly by the World Society for Ekisticsand the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005.
作者是世界Ekistics学会会长,在普林斯顿大学担任社会学教授30多年,专门研究精英与领导力、城市主义和社会建筑(建筑学院)。作为一名早期的Ekistics学者,她在雅典Ekistics中心教授建筑师和规划师,并参与了整个研究项目。让社会学家在语言学的形成时期发挥核心作用的目标是扩大建筑师、规划师和建设者的视角,将社会学和心理学的概念和思想纳入其中。作为众多奖项和奖学金的获得者,她是社会学教科书《城市社区》(兰登书屋,1968年)的作者,这本书实际上始于雅典,最近的《社区,追求梦想,生活在现实》(普林斯顿大学出版社,2004年)获得了2005年阿马尔菲奖。她目前正在从事成人,也就是退休社区的工作。以下文本是2005年9月19日至24日由世界语言学会和日本志贺大学联合举办的“全球化与地方认同”国际研讨会的介绍性声明。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Ekistics and The New Habitat
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