Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2023-0010
Melanie J. Gregg
Abstract The PETTLEP model of imagery developed by Holmes, P. S., & Collins, D. J. (2001. The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: A functional equivalence model for sport psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 60–83) is used to guide mental skills practitioners and researchers when designing mental imagery interventions for performance enhancement. The PETTLEP acronym represents Physical, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, and Perspective aspects of mental images. Using the PETTLEP model to guide imagery optimizes the effectiveness of the imagery.
由Holmes, P. S.和Collins, D. J.(2001)开发的petttlep图像模型。运动意象的PETTLEP方法:运动心理学家的功能对等模型。应用运动心理学杂志，13,60-83)用于指导心理技能从业者和研究人员在设计心理意象干预以提高表现时。PETTLEP首字母缩略词代表心理图像的物理，任务，时间，学习，情感和视角方面。使用petttlep模型来引导图像，可以优化图像的有效性。
{"title":"Getting the most out of imagery: PETTLEP and ESports","authors":"Melanie J. Gregg","doi":"10.1515/jirspa-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The PETTLEP model of imagery developed by Holmes, P. S., & Collins, D. J. (2001. The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: A functional equivalence model for sport psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 60–83) is used to guide mental skills practitioners and researchers when designing mental imagery interventions for performance enhancement. The PETTLEP acronym represents Physical, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, and Perspective aspects of mental images. Using the PETTLEP model to guide imagery optimizes the effectiveness of the imagery.","PeriodicalId":39479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45845674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2023-0014
S. Moritz
Abstract This article presents the Applied Model of Deliberate Imagery Use for Esports. The model is a translation from the Applied Model of Deliberate Imagery Use for Sport, Dance, Exercise and Rehabilitation (Cumming, J., & Williams, S. E. (2013). Introducing the revised applied model of deliberate imagery use for sport, dance, exercise, and rehabilitation. Movement & Sport Sciences, 82, 69–81 Martin, K. A., Moritz, S. E., & Hall, C. R. (1999). Imagery use in sport: A literature review and applied model. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 245–268). Each component of the model is described with examples relevant to esports. How the model can be used for imagery intervention and application, and suggestions for future research are also included.
{"title":"Translating the applied model of deliberate imagery use to esports","authors":"S. Moritz","doi":"10.1515/jirspa-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents the Applied Model of Deliberate Imagery Use for Esports. The model is a translation from the Applied Model of Deliberate Imagery Use for Sport, Dance, Exercise and Rehabilitation (Cumming, J., & Williams, S. E. (2013). Introducing the revised applied model of deliberate imagery use for sport, dance, exercise, and rehabilitation. Movement & Sport Sciences, 82, 69–81 Martin, K. A., Moritz, S. E., & Hall, C. R. (1999). Imagery use in sport: A literature review and applied model. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 245–268). Each component of the model is described with examples relevant to esports. How the model can be used for imagery intervention and application, and suggestions for future research are also included.","PeriodicalId":39479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46235832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2023-0018
S. Moritz, Matt Knutson
{"title":"Imagery use in esports: future research directions and unique considerations","authors":"S. Moritz, Matt Knutson","doi":"10.1515/jirspa-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47624256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2023-0019
S. Moritz
{"title":"Using imagery to build team confidence in esports","authors":"S. Moritz","doi":"10.1515/jirspa-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44486760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2023-0011
Melanie J. Gregg
Abstract Cognitive general imagery includes game plans, strategies, and routines. Mental imagery of strategies of play can decrease reaction time and lead to better decision making, ultimately resulting in enhanced performance.
{"title":"Imagery for game strategy in esports","authors":"Melanie J. Gregg","doi":"10.1515/jirspa-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cognitive general imagery includes game plans, strategies, and routines. Mental imagery of strategies of play can decrease reaction time and lead to better decision making, ultimately resulting in enhanced performance.","PeriodicalId":39479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42470937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2023-0015
S. Moritz
{"title":"Why imagery use in esports?","authors":"S. Moritz","doi":"10.1515/jirspa-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47328351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2023-0003
Lindsay Ross-Stewart, Russell Lee
Abstract This article focused on the recent interest in VR in sport and how this technology can and can not help Esport athletes. Summarizing that VR is likely not a tool needed in esports, the authors highlight ways that Esport athletes can incorporate imagery into their first-person perspective gaming film review in a way that increased their psychological skills and performance.
{"title":"VR training and imagery training in esports","authors":"Lindsay Ross-Stewart, Russell Lee","doi":"10.1515/jirspa-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article focused on the recent interest in VR in sport and how this technology can and can not help Esport athletes. Summarizing that VR is likely not a tool needed in esports, the authors highlight ways that Esport athletes can incorporate imagery into their first-person perspective gaming film review in a way that increased their psychological skills and performance.","PeriodicalId":39479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45971903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2022-0023
Robin Vealey, Emily Wright
Abstract The purpose of this article is to provide strategies for using imagery to build confidence in esport athletes. Because confidence is a belief and strongly influenced by success and failure, mental training using imagery should be designed to create and sustain an agile mindset to accept events that shake confidence and enable athletes to respond productively to adapt and restore self-belief. Esport athletes should start small with short but frequent sessions of polysensory imagery practice of simple skills and strategies to build imagery skill and confidence. Imagery practice should be similar to competition, in terms of physical posture, setting, and equipment. Confidence-building imagery strategies include creating and rehearsing optimal performance plans as well creating imagery scripts for productive responses to mistakes, losing, tilting, and worrying about the skills and decision-making of teammates. Uses of imagery can be periodized to optimally develop confident performance and responses, prepare for specific opponents or tournaments, and assess prior performances using a growth mindset to enhance self-belief.
{"title":"Using imagery to build confidence in esports","authors":"Robin Vealey, Emily Wright","doi":"10.1515/jirspa-2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this article is to provide strategies for using imagery to build confidence in esport athletes. Because confidence is a belief and strongly influenced by success and failure, mental training using imagery should be designed to create and sustain an agile mindset to accept events that shake confidence and enable athletes to respond productively to adapt and restore self-belief. Esport athletes should start small with short but frequent sessions of polysensory imagery practice of simple skills and strategies to build imagery skill and confidence. Imagery practice should be similar to competition, in terms of physical posture, setting, and equipment. Confidence-building imagery strategies include creating and rehearsing optimal performance plans as well creating imagery scripts for productive responses to mistakes, losing, tilting, and worrying about the skills and decision-making of teammates. Uses of imagery can be periodized to optimally develop confident performance and responses, prepare for specific opponents or tournaments, and assess prior performances using a growth mindset to enhance self-belief.","PeriodicalId":39479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43119866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2023-0002
Caroline M. Brackette, Viken Alexander Ayvazian
Abstract Objectives This paper highlights how the practice of mental imagery, which is effective in helping elite athletes enhance their performance for competition in traditional sports, is transferable to esports athletes. Methods This paper will provide an overview of a profile of esports athletes and the challenges they face, a tool to assess their level of proficiency with the successful use of mental imagery, and suggestions on how they might incorporate mental imagery into their preparation and competition routines. Results Esports athletes can benefit from using mental imagery to raise their level of performance and address any stressors or difficulties they might encounter during preparation and competition. Mental imagery is ideal to use as a foundational practice to improve other mental skills such as focus, self-regulation, positive self-talk, and resiliency. Conclusions Gamers who are interested in participating, or already involved, in esports would benefit from developing an individualized mental imagery plan and working with a mental performance professional to help them assess, develop, and evaluate their proficiency in the use of mental imagery skills and outcomes.
{"title":"Practical assessment and application of imagery techniques in esports","authors":"Caroline M. Brackette, Viken Alexander Ayvazian","doi":"10.1515/jirspa-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives This paper highlights how the practice of mental imagery, which is effective in helping elite athletes enhance their performance for competition in traditional sports, is transferable to esports athletes. Methods This paper will provide an overview of a profile of esports athletes and the challenges they face, a tool to assess their level of proficiency with the successful use of mental imagery, and suggestions on how they might incorporate mental imagery into their preparation and competition routines. Results Esports athletes can benefit from using mental imagery to raise their level of performance and address any stressors or difficulties they might encounter during preparation and competition. Mental imagery is ideal to use as a foundational practice to improve other mental skills such as focus, self-regulation, positive self-talk, and resiliency. Conclusions Gamers who are interested in participating, or already involved, in esports would benefit from developing an individualized mental imagery plan and working with a mental performance professional to help them assess, develop, and evaluate their proficiency in the use of mental imagery skills and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":39479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43592593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1515/jirspa-2022-0024
J. Cumming, Mary L. Quinton
Abstract For esport athletes to effectively use imagery and experience its many benefits, they must develop a collection of skills referred to as imagery ability. Layered stimulus response training (LSRT) is an evidence-based technique informed by bioinformational theory to improve how easily someone can form rich and vivid images that more closely approximate the real-life situation. In turn, having a better ability to generate and control clear and vivid images is associated with better performance and optimal mental and emotional states. The aim of this paper is to explain how sport psychologists can guide esport athletes through cycles of LSRT, which involves imaging, evaluating, reflecting, and then developing images in progressive layers of different stimulus, response, and meaning propositions. Aids to image generation and other variations of LSRT as well as future research opportunities for applying LSRT to esport are also discussed.
{"title":"Developing imagery ability in esport athletes using layered stimulus response training","authors":"J. Cumming, Mary L. Quinton","doi":"10.1515/jirspa-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jirspa-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For esport athletes to effectively use imagery and experience its many benefits, they must develop a collection of skills referred to as imagery ability. Layered stimulus response training (LSRT) is an evidence-based technique informed by bioinformational theory to improve how easily someone can form rich and vivid images that more closely approximate the real-life situation. In turn, having a better ability to generate and control clear and vivid images is associated with better performance and optimal mental and emotional states. The aim of this paper is to explain how sport psychologists can guide esport athletes through cycles of LSRT, which involves imaging, evaluating, reflecting, and then developing images in progressive layers of different stimulus, response, and meaning propositions. Aids to image generation and other variations of LSRT as well as future research opportunities for applying LSRT to esport are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":39479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47686600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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