Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury最新文献

The influence of the brain on blood pressure and metabolic processes are described by the fundamental concepts of the egoistic brain and the theory of aerobic-anaerobic imbalance of the theory of centralized compensation of aerobic-anaerobic energy balance. In this regard, the study of manual-physical influence (therapy) according to the method of A.Yu. Shishonin on improving the functioning of the brain with a decrease in systemic arterial pressure in patients with essential arterial hypertension is of interest.

Objective: To study metabolism in patients with EAG using manual physical therapy according to the method of A.Yu. Shishonin.

Material and methods: A total of 134 patients with EAG were examined, divided into 2 groups. The main group included 102 patients of both sexes (58 women and 44 men; average age 59.8±4.9 years), with signs of clinically significant degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine. The comparison group (control group) consisted of 30 patients (15 men and 15 women; average age 59.4±3.6 years) with EAG of the same degrees and stages, who, for one reason or another, refused both the recommended pharmacotherapy and the proposed alternative non-drug treatment methods. The patients of the main group used the author's method of A.Yu. Shishonin - manual impact on the cervical region to restore vertebral blood flow with subsequent consolidation of the effect using a special patented system of physical exercises. The main method was gas analysis at rest, and the main indicator was the VCO₂/VO₂ ratio, known as the respiratory exchange ratio (RER).

Results: In the main and control groups, the average respiratory quotient was initially 0.77 and 0.78, respectively, which corresponds to the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates in a ratio of approximately 74 and 26%. Then, in the study group, RER reliably increased to 0.79 after the first therapy session. After the last procedure, a pronounced statistically significant increase in RER to 0.87 was observed, which corresponds to the prevalence of glucose metabolism over fatty acids in a ratio of approximately 38% (fatty acids) vs 62% (glucose). In the control group, RER did not undergo significant changes.

Conclusions: Considering that the main consumer of glucose is the brain, and the impact of the A.Yu. Shishonin method is aimed at eliminating blood flow obstruction and improving the blood supply to the reflex zones of the brain (the theory of aerobic-anaerobic balance), it can be assumed that changes in the respiratory quotient indirectly reflect an improvement in the level of perfusion and metabolism of the brain.

Objective: The study aim was to find out the effectiveness of the combined use of normoxic barotherapy (NOBT) and enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) in the rehabilitation of athletes with pathological changes on the ECG (inversion of the T wave).

Material and methods: A prospective controlled study included 68 athletes - members of the Moscow national teams with inversion/negative T wave on the ECG in 4 or more adjacent leads. A course of NOBT was carried out in 25 athletes, a complex of NOBT and EECP - in 20 athletes, 23 athletes were controls. The groups were comparable in gender, age, clinical and instrumental parameters, type and intensity of sport. The course of NOBT consisted of 10 procedures, performed in a chamber with 0.3 atm. pressure. and an oxygen level 30%, flow rate 5 l/min, in the complex group NOBT was prescribed after EECP, which was performed with a pressure of 200 mm Hg on the calve, thighs and gluteal region in diastole. All the athletes were prescribed metabolic drugs approved by the Anti-Doping Agency.

Results: Good response (improving in the T wave-changes on the ECG) was noted in 68% in NOBT group, in 80% of complex use of NOBT and EECP and in 57% of the controls. In the NOBT group the level of resting heart rate and diastolic blood pressure at rest and after exercise decreased, in NOBT and EECP complex group aerobic endurance was increased.

Conclusion: The use of NOBT and the NOBT and EECP complex has good clinical efficacy in the rehabilitation of athletes with pathological changes on the ECG.

Application of radon baths with natural and artificial radon-containing waters is one of the common methods of non-drug therapy in the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of different origin in sanatoriums and wellness centers in many Russian and foreign health resorts. Radon therapy is most often used as an additional method in the structure of multimodal health resort treatment in diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The article presents an analysis of Russian and foreign experience in the application of radon-containing mineral waters and evidence-based approaches in the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms of radon action. Experimental data on the quantification of intake and excretion of radon and its daughter products after the application of mineral water with different radon concentrations are provided on the biokinetic models. According to the literature, radon procedures have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, affecting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. The authors associate this therapeutic effect of radon with contribution of the immune system and change in the Th17/Treg-cell ratio after receiving balneotherapy. It has been noted that a deeper study of the development of therapeutic effects from radon procedures application within the framework of high-quality placebo-controlled biomedical studies in experiment and clinical setting is needed in order to increase the evidence level of therapy using radon as well as for assessment of potential side effects and risks of carcinogenesis.

The most common knee injury in professional athletes is anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) trauma, requiring surgical intervention and subsequent long-term rehabilitation. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition, immediately following injury in some cases, leads to quadriceps muscle hypotrophy and weakness, that further embarrasses the athlete's good-quality rehabilitation.

Objective: To assess clinical and functional effectiveness of passive electrical myostimulation (EMS) as a muscle preoperative preparation to autotransplantation of knee anterior cruciate ligament.

Material and methods: The study involved 47 male athletes with ACL injury. Summarized surface electromyography (EMG) was performed in all participants at admission, as a result of which 28 patients with reduced EMG parameters were selected. Among them, 14 patients received a course of passive EMS of quadriceps on physiotherapeutic INTELECT Advanced (Chattanooga (DJO), USA) hardware. All patients got passive EMS for 2 weeks after surgery and started active muscle training since 3rd week. Clinical and functional effectiveness was evaluated in dynamics in 2 and 7 weeks after surgery.

Results: The 10-day preoperative course of EMS made it possible to significantly increase values of mean amplitude (MA) of muscle contraction before surgery and improve indicators of clinical and functional tests in 7 weeks after surgery up to level of healthy subjects and patients group with normal MA values at baseline compared to patients who did not have preoperative passive myostimulation.

Conclusion: The obtained data allow to recommend the inclusion of passive EMS method of quadriceps as a preoperative training of patients with ACL injury and reduced EMG.

The effectiveness of wellness programs is determined by the molecular mechanisms of sanogenesis.Such mechanisms include the proteasome system and autophagy. Knowledge about the interaction of these systems in humans is needed to increase the effectiveness of comprehensive wellness programs (CWP).

Objective: To study the ratio of the activity of proteasome 20S and beclin-1 during CWP.

Material and methods: The study is single-center, prospective, and continuous, and includes an examination of 48 patients aged 18 to 64 years who underwent caloric restriction (30-40% of the required amount) and therapeutic fasting. On the first and 12th days, the concentration of protein (pg/ml) of proteasome 20S and Beclin-1 in blood plasma was determined by the enzyme immunoassay (Cloud-CloneCorp test systems, USA), as well as body composition by the impedance method.

Results: The optimal ratio of the base activity of 20S and autophagy was observed only in individuals with a BMI of 30 kg/m². CWP and low-calorie diet were accompanied by the establishment of a similar ratio in the entire group and separately in the group of women, as well as in patients with a BMI of 30 kg/m² and in people over 60 years of age. The source of proteasome activity was lean and lean muscle mass; for Beclin-1, the dominant components from the body composition were not detected. During therapeutic fasting, the optimal ratio of 20S and Beclin-1 activity was observed during periods 3-4 (the «silver fasting period») and 11-12 days. These time periods can be recommended for outpatient (3-4 days) and inpatient (11-12 days) medical practice.

Conclusion: CWP is accompanied by positive molecular effects aimed at activating autophagy and protein resynthesis. 20S activity and autophagy are affected by factors such as BMI, gender, age, and the degree of calorie restriction. CWP in combination with a low-calorie diet optimizes the ratio of protein resynthesis activity and autophagy in most patients, which contributes to the healing process.

It has been established in conducted experimental studies that drinking sulfate mineral water (MV) increases adaptation processes and limits development of postradiation damages in primary prevention. These effects were found in different functional systems, including in central organs of neurohormonal and immune regulation - hypothalamus, epiphysis, thymus. At the same time, the morphofunctional features and general patterns in adaptive and protective reactions in these organs remain unexplored, that is important for development of new effective methods of postradiation damages prevention using drinking sulfate MW.

Objective: To perform comparative analysis and generalization of experimental study results in preventive action of drinking sulfate MW on developing adaptive intracellular reactions in neurons of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, pineal cells of epiphysis and thymocytes of thymus in radiation exposure to rats.

Material and methods: Experiments were conducted on 28 non-linear male rats with a weight of 220-250 gr. The animals of experimental group received drinking sulfate MW with magnesium and calcium (2.6 g/l sulfate concentration, 4.0 g/l mineralization), the animals of control group received main water instead of sulfate MW; intact animals, which were not exposed, were also used. MW and main water were administered to rats intragastrically through a needle with olive at the end by 3 ml once per day for 21 days. The animals of experimental and control groups were irradiated once on «GUBE» apparatus (Institute of General Genetics of the RAS) by ⁶⁰Co gamma-rays in dosage of 2 Gy (0.66 Gy/min dosage rate) after watering course. Animals killing was carried out by decapitation 1 month after radiation exposure. The following methods of examination were used: transmission electronic microscopy (study of ultrastructures in neurons of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and in pineal cells of epiphysis), biochemical and morphofunctional analysis (study of chromatin in thymocytes nuclei using acridine orange, nuclei quantity and their genome activity), morphometry.

Results: Preventive use of drinking sulfate MW had a cytoprotective effect, which was manifested in the reduction of postradiation damages intensity in studied organs, enhancement of adaptive reactions in the form of increased stability of membranes and cellular structures. The higher level of preventive adaptation and resistance to radiation has been found in neurons of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, lower - in cells of the epiphysis and thymus. These adaptive changes were caused by antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing and immunomodulating effects of MW on different regulatory and functional systems of the body, as well as on membrane structures of cells directly. The revealed adaptive changes developing in cells of the hypothalamus, epiphysis and thymus in preventive action of MW incre

The problem of non-specific pain in the spinal area is important today in society due to a number of reasons, including features of the modern human's lifestyle, tendency to increase in life expectancy and «aging» of population. There is a continuing debate about the sources of this pain and reasonableness of search for them. There is no doubt that discogenic pain prevails over other probable sources of pain in the spinal area and intervertebral hernias play the primary role here. Patients can immediately look for a solution to the problem by a neurosurgeon at the time of «intervertebral disc herniation» diagnosis establishment and in the presence of a pronounced reflex or radicular pain syndrome. It is the «intervertebral disc herniation» wording which often leads patients to a neurosurgeon. There are many methods of intervertebral hernias conservative treatment. This article is focused on the technology of spinal traction therapy, which has a scientific evidence base, including in the question of natural reduction of intervertebral hernias' dimensions. Cyclic local traction therapy is the latest and realizing all important principles of tractive impact on the spine method.