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Siamese network visual tracking algorithm based on online learning 基于在线学习的Siamese网络视觉跟踪算法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.12086/OEE.2021.200140
Chengyue Zhang, Zhiqiang Hou, Pu Lei, Chen Lilin, Sugang Ma, Wangsheng Yu
Visual tracking algorithm based on a Siamese network is an important method in the field of visual tracking in recent years, and it has good performance in tracking speed and accuracy. However, most tracking algorithms based on the Siamese network rely on an off-line training model and lack of online update to tracker. In order to solve this problem, we propose an online learning-based visual tracking algorithm for Siamese networks. The algorithm adopts the idea of double template, treats the target in the first frame as a static template, and uses the high confidence update strategy to obtain the dynamic template in the subsequent frame; in online tracking, the fast transform learning model is used to learn the apparent changes of the target from the double template, and the target likelihood probability map of the search area is calculated according to the color histogram characteristics of the current frame, and the background suppression learning is carried out. Finally, the response map obtained by the dual templates is weighted, and the final prediction result is obtained. The experimental results on OTB2015, TempleColor128, and VOT datasets show that the test results of this algorithm are improved compared with the mainstream algorithms in recent years and have better tracking performance in target deformation, similar background interference, fast motion, and other scenarios.
基于Siamese网络的视觉跟踪算法是近年来视觉跟踪领域的一种重要方法,它在跟踪速度和精度方面具有良好的性能。然而,大多数基于Siamese网络的跟踪算法依赖于离线训练模型,缺乏对跟踪器的在线更新。为了解决这一问题,我们提出了一种基于在线学习的Siamese网络视觉跟踪算法。该算法采用双模板思想,将第一帧中的目标作为静态模板,并采用高置信度更新策略获得后续帧中的动态模板;在在线跟踪中,采用快速变换学习模型从双模板中学习目标的明显变化,根据当前帧的颜色直方图特征计算搜索区域的目标似然概率图,并进行背景抑制学习。最后,对双模板得到的响应图进行加权,得到最终的预测结果。在OTB2015、TempleColor128和VOT数据集上的实验结果表明,与近年来的主流算法相比,该算法的测试结果有所改善,在目标变形、相似背景干扰、快速运动等场景下具有更好的跟踪性能。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation method for polyimide films with imaging potential 具有成像电位的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.12086/OEE.2021.200381
Lv Gang, Yang Wei, Mao Danbo, Wu Shibin, Ren Ge
Polyimide (PI) film is widely used in aerospace, microelectronics, and other fields because of its excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength. However, there are very few reports about its application in the direction of optical imaging. To use PI film for imaging, the requirements for the optical homogeneity of the PI film are extremely demanding. The optical homogeneity of the stretch-resistant PI film proposed in this paper with 100 mm diameter and low thermal expansion coefficient meets the Rayleigh criterion, which has the potential for applications in the imaging field. In addition, the tensile strength of this PI is 285 MPa, which is ~2.6 times that of the PMDA-ODA type PI; the coefficient of thermal expansion is about 3.2 ppmK-1, which is comparable to that of the Novastrat®905 type PI and is one order of magnitude lower than that of the commercial PI films. These excellent basic properties reserve more space to further improve the space adaptability of the PI film. The solution of the optical homogeneity of the PI film will lay the foundation for its application in thin film diffractive optical elements.
聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜因其优异的热稳定性和机械强度而广泛应用于航空航天、微电子等领域。然而,关于其在光学成像方向上的应用报道很少。为了使用PI薄膜进行成像,对PI薄膜的光学均匀性要求非常高。本文制备的直径为100 mm、热膨胀系数低的抗拉伸PI薄膜的光学均匀性满足瑞利判据,在成像领域具有应用潜力。此外,该PI的抗拉强度为285 MPa,是PMDA-ODA型PI的2.6倍;热膨胀系数约为3.2 ppm,与Novastrat®905型PI相当,比商用PI薄膜低一个数量级。这些优良的基本性能为进一步提高PI膜的空间适应性预留了更多的空间。解决PI薄膜的光学均匀性问题将为其在薄膜衍射光学元件中的应用奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Mode field diameter measurement of single mode fiber using Bessel function fitting method based on variable aperture in far field 基于远场变孔径贝塞尔函数拟合方法的单模光纤模场直径测量
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.12086/OEE.2021.200308
H. Yue, Xiang Huazhong, Zhao Renyan, Tu Jiankun, Zheng Gang
The mode field diameter is an important parameter of single-mode fiber, and the GB.15972.45-2008 recommends using the far-field variable aperture method to measure it. This paper analyzes the distribution of the propagating light field in a single-mode fiber. The mode behavior of the light field is the solution of the Helmholtz equation, which in theory should satisfy the Bessel function. In this regard, a method using Bessel function to fit the optical field distribution of the fiber based on the far-field variable aperture method is proposed, and the mode field diameter is calculated from the fitted mode field distribution curve. Compared with the commonly used far-field variable aperture method, when the measurement data is normal, this method has the same measurement accuracy. When there are errors in the measurement data, this method can still ensure the stability and accuracy of the measurement results.
模场直径是单模光纤的重要参数,GB.15972.45-2008建议采用远场变孔径法测量模场直径。本文分析了单模光纤中传播光场的分布。光场的模态行为是亥姆霍兹方程的解,它在理论上应该满足贝塞尔函数。为此,提出了一种基于远场变孔径法的利用贝塞尔函数拟合光纤光场分布的方法,并根据拟合后的模场分布曲线计算模场直径。与常用的远场变孔径法相比,在测量数据正常情况下,该方法具有相同的测量精度。当测量数据存在误差时,该方法仍能保证测量结果的稳定性和准确性。
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引用次数: 1
Fusing point cloud with image for object detection using convolutional neural networks 基于卷积神经网络的点云和图像融合目标检测
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.12086/OEE.2021.200325
Zhang Jiesong, Huang Yingping, Zhang Rui
Addressing on the issues like varying object scale, complicated illumination conditions, and lack of reliable distance information in driverless applications, this paper proposes a multi-modal fusion method for object detection by using convolutional neural networks. The depth map is generated by mapping LiDAR point cloud onto the image plane and taken as input data together with the RGB image. The input data is also processed by the sliding window to reduce information loss. Two feature extracting networks are used to extract features of the image and the depth map respectively. The generated feature maps are fused through a connection layer. The objects are detected by processing the fused feature map through position regression and object classification. Non-maximal suppression is used to optimize the detection results. The experimental results on the KITTI dataset show that the proposed method is robust in various illumination conditions and especially effective on detecting small objects. Compared with other methods, the proposed method exhibits integrated advantages in terms of detection accuracy and speed.
针对无人驾驶应用中物体尺度变化、光照条件复杂、缺乏可靠距离信息等问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的多模态融合目标检测方法。将LiDAR点云映射到图像平面上生成深度图,与RGB图像一起作为输入数据。输入数据也通过滑动窗口进行处理,减少信息丢失。采用两种特征提取网络分别提取图像特征和深度图特征。生成的特征映射通过连接层进行融合。通过位置回归和目标分类对融合后的特征图进行处理,检测目标。采用非最大抑制对检测结果进行优化。在KITTI数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法在各种光照条件下都具有较强的鲁棒性,对小目标的检测尤其有效。与其他方法相比,该方法在检测精度和速度方面具有综合优势。
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引用次数: 0
Stereoscopic zoom for visual optimization based on grid deformation 基于网格变形的立体变焦视觉优化
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.12086/OEE.2021.200186
Zhou Shen, Chai Xiongli, Shao Feng
Stereoscopic image zoom optimization is a popular basic research problem in the field of image processing and computer vision in recent years. The zoom visual enhancement technology of 3D images has attracted more and more attention. To this end, this paper proposes a method of stereoscopic zoom vision optimization based on grid deformation from the model of camera zoom shooting, and strives to improve the experience of 3D stereo-scopic vision. Firstly, use the digital zoom method to simulate the camera model to properly zoom in on the target area, and then establish the mapping relationship between the reference image and the target image according to the camera zoom distance. Secondly, extract the foreground target object and use the modified just noticeable depth difference (JNDiD) model to guide the adaptive depth adjustment of the target object. Finally, combined with the seven grid-optimized energy terms designed in this paper, the image grid is optimized to improve the visual perception of the target object and ensure a good visual experience for the entire stereoscopic image. Compared with the existing digital zoom method, the proposed method has better effects on the size control of the image target object and the depth adjustment of the target object.
立体图像变焦优化是近年来图像处理和计算机视觉领域的一个热门基础研究问题。三维图像的变焦视觉增强技术越来越受到人们的关注。为此,本文从摄像机变焦拍摄模型出发,提出了一种基于网格变形的立体变焦视觉优化方法,力求提高三维立体视觉的体验。首先利用数字变焦方法模拟摄像机模型,对目标区域进行适当的放大,然后根据摄像机的变焦距离建立参考图像与目标图像之间的映射关系。其次,提取前景目标物体,利用改进的刚可察觉深度差(JNDiD)模型指导目标物体的自适应深度调整;最后,结合本文设计的七个网格优化能量项,对图像网格进行优化,以提高目标物体的视觉感受,保证整个立体图像具有良好的视觉体验。与现有的数字变焦方法相比,所提出的方法在图像目标物体的尺寸控制和目标物体的深度调整方面具有更好的效果。
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引用次数: 1
Micro/Nano profile measurement by structured illumination microscopy utilizing time-domain phase-shift technique 利用时域相移技术的结构照明显微微/纳米轮廓测量
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.12086/OEE.2021.200430
Fan Songru, Fan-chao Meng, Chen Donghui, Zhao Qing
Aiming at the technical difficulties in the rapid detection and reconstruction of three-dimensional micro-nano devices that are difficult to achieve both high precision and high speed, this paper proposes a structured light detection method based on time-domain phase shift technology. The measured light is modulated by a spatial light modulator, and the time-domain phase shift technology is further employed to realize the detection and reconstruction of three-dimensional micro-nano devices. Compared with the traditional structured light detection method, this technology uses the spatial light modulator to measure the phase shift while the sample is scanned axially, so as to ensure the measurement accuracy and improve the measurement efficiency. By analyzing the measurement data, this method can quickly realize three-dimensional shape detection and reconstruction, and the measurement accuracy can be better than 10 nm.
针对三维微纳器件快速检测与重构难以同时实现高精度和高速的技术难点,本文提出了一种基于时域相移技术的结构光检测方法。通过空间光调制器对被测光进行调制,进一步利用时域相移技术实现三维微纳器件的检测与重构。与传统的结构光检测方法相比,该技术在对样品进行轴向扫描的同时,利用空间光调制器测量相移,从而保证了测量精度,提高了测量效率。通过对测量数据的分析,该方法可快速实现三维形状检测与重建,测量精度可优于10 nm。
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引用次数: 2
Research on the calculation method of the ultra-precision turning trajectory of large-vector high-convex cylinders 大矢量高凸圆柱超精密车削轨迹计算方法研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.12086/OEE.2021.200192
Lei Rongliang, Li Yun, Lin Wumei, Z. Shuai, Qing Jianhong, Tang Linfeng
Array microstructure optical elements are widely used in various beam homogenization occasions, but conventional processing methods cannot meet the accuracy requirements of large-sagittal convex cylindrical arrays. In this paper, the ultra-precision turning forming method is used to analyze the main factors affecting diamond turning, the sequential search method and the binary search method are designed to find the turning track, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared. Furthermore, the binary search method is successfully found by combining the Matlab software turning trajectory and the numerical control program. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, turning experiments are carried on an ultra-precision lathe, and a large-vector high-array microstructure with a surface profile error of 135 nm is obtained. It proves that the force binary search method can accurately obtain the turning trajectory, and this method can be applied to both spherical and aspherical contours, showing important engineering application value.
阵列微结构光学元件广泛应用于各种光束均匀化场合,但传统的加工方法无法满足大矢状凸圆柱阵列的精度要求。本文利用超精密车削成形方法分析了影响金刚石车削轨迹的主要因素,设计了顺序搜索法和二叉搜索法来寻找车削轨迹,并比较了两种方法的优缺点。将Matlab软件车削轨迹与数控程序相结合,成功地找到了二叉搜索方法。作为概念验证,在超精密车床上进行了车削实验,获得了表面轮廓误差为135 nm的大矢量高阵列微结构。结果表明,力二叉搜索法能准确地获得车削轨迹,且该方法可适用于球面和非球面轮廓,具有重要的工程应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Embedded gold-plated fiber Bragg grating temperature and stress sensors encapsulated in capillary copper tube 嵌入式镀金光纤光栅温度和应力传感器封装在毛细管铜管
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.12086/OEE.2021.200195
Z. Yanjun, Gao Haichuan, Zhang Longtu, Liu Qiang, Fu Xinghu
In order to realize the non-destructive and real-time dynamic stress monitoring method of the construction machinery surface in complex and harsh environments, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) stress sensor packaging method based on magnetron sputtering technology is proposed. Two packaging methods of complete embedding (the capillary copper tube embedded in the entire grating area) and two sides embedding (capillary copper tube nested at both ends of the grating area) are studied. The sensitization effect of the sensor is analyzed from the perspective of theory and finite element, and the results are consistent. The physical sensors are made, and temperature, stress, and comparison experiments are carried out. Simulation and experiment show that the FBG sensor improves the sensitivity by about 7.5% under this model. The temperature experiment shows that the temperature feedback correlation coefficient R2 of the second package structure reaches 0.99948, which shows good linearity in the range of 30 ℃80 ℃; the stress experiment correlation coefficient R2 also reaches 0.99924, and the sensitivity is 6.14 pm/MPa. The accuracy of demodulation system reaches 0.05 MPa, it can demodulate stress quickly and accurately. Comparative experiments show that the monitoring system composed of grating demodulator has higher accuracy than the monitoring system composed of strain gauges, and maximum deviation value smaller 59.8%. The packaging structure of metallization method of embedded capillary copper tube combined with organic glue fixed is simple, high sensitivity, and precision, can meet the needs of large-scale construction machinery surface non-destructive real-time health monitoring.
为了实现工程机械表面在复杂恶劣环境下的无损实时动态应力监测方法,提出了一种基于磁控溅射技术的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应力传感器封装方法。研究了完全埋入(毛细管铜管埋入整个光栅区域)和双面埋入(毛细管铜管埋入光栅区域两端)两种封装方法。从理论和有限元的角度分析了传感器的增感效果,结果是一致的。制作了物理传感器,并进行了温度、应力和对比实验。仿真和实验表明,在该模型下,光纤光栅传感器的灵敏度提高了约7.5%。温度实验表明,第二封装结构的温度反馈相关系数R2达到0.99948,在30℃80℃范围内线性良好;应力实验相关系数R2也达到0.99924,灵敏度为6.14 pm/MPa。解调系统的解调精度达到0.05 MPa,能快速准确地解调应力。对比实验表明,由光栅解调器组成的监测系统比由应变片组成的监测系统精度更高,最大偏差值小59.8%。采用埋入式毛细管铜管结合有机胶固定的金属化封装结构方法简单、灵敏度高、精度高,可满足大型工程机械表面无损实时健康监测的需要。
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引用次数: 2
Error model analysis and correlation correction of Hartmann's focimeter 哈特曼焦距计误差模型分析及相关校正
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.12086/OEE.2021.200238
Yang Jinlong, Jia Hongzhi, Jin Tao, Xiang Huazhong, Z. Dawei, Zhuang Song-lin
In order to reduce the error and improve the measurement accuracy, a more detailed error model is established for the Hartmann method of focal power measurement in this paper. It focuses on the analysis of several problems that cause the error of refraction problems, including the dispersion error of the light source, the inaccurate of the photodetector’s central positing, the tilt of lens, misalignment between incidence axis and main axis of lens, and the incident light and the lens are not perpendicular. At last, it is concluded that the inaccuracy of the center extraction on the photodetector will cause a large error to the final result. For all these reasons, a method of dual bilinear interpolation combined with a fitting method to find the centroid is proposed, proving its effectiveness and accuracy.
为了减小误差,提高测量精度,本文建立了更详细的哈特曼法焦功率测量误差模型。重点分析了引起折射误差的几个问题,包括光源色散误差、光电探测器中心定位不准确、透镜倾斜、入射轴与透镜主轴不对准、入射光与透镜不垂直等。最后得出结论,光电探测器中心提取的不准确会对最终结果造成较大的误差。为此,提出了一种双线性插值结合拟合求质心的方法,证明了该方法的有效性和准确性。
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引用次数: 1
Research progress of computational microspectrometer based on speckle inspection 基于散斑检测的计算显微光谱仪研究进展
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.12086/OEE.2021.200183
Zheng Qilin, Wen Long, Chengwei Qin
Fast, accurate and nondestructive spectral analysis technique is important and widely used in the fields of scientific research, information, biomedical, pharmaceutical detection, agriculture, environment, and security. However, the existing spectroscopic analysis equipments are usually bulky and complex, which are difficult to adapt to portable application scenarios such as on-site rapid detection, light-load platform, etc. In recent years, miniature spectroscopic detection technology and equipment have received extensive attention, and have been rapidly developed, with significant advantages in size, weight, and power consumption. In particular, the computational spectral analysis technology based on the speckle detection can obtain high-precision spectral information by recording and analyzing the speckle pattern formed by the scattering element on the measured light. This paper will first introduce the related technical principles and technological developments, then analyze the existing techniques including the advantages and disadvantages, and finally discuss and summarize the future development direction and application prospects.
快速、准确、无损的光谱分析技术在科研、信息、生物医学、药物检测、农业、环境、安全等领域有着重要的应用。然而,现有的光谱分析设备通常体积庞大、结构复杂,难以适应现场快速检测、轻负荷平台等便携式应用场景。近年来,微型光谱检测技术和设备得到了广泛的关注,并得到了迅速的发展,在体积、重量、功耗等方面具有显著的优势。特别是基于散斑检测的计算光谱分析技术,通过记录和分析散射元件在被测光上形成的散斑图案,可以获得高精度的光谱信息。本文将首先介绍相关的技术原理和技术发展,然后分析现有的技术包括优缺点,最后讨论和总结未来的发展方向和应用前景。
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引用次数: 3
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