COVID-19 has created huge challenges for health systems worldwide for health career sources and health care providers in health institutions. An immense range of digital health technologies can be considerable health strategies in recent years. We searched electronically published relevant articles in English language using these “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, “technologies”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome”, “dementia”, “digital-health”, and “older adult care”. It helps to collect the digital information, collect data, transfer, store, frontline protection, to reduce the risk of rapid contamination, analysis and proper monitor information system, holistic control, manage, care and prevention, decrease the patients overload to the health care professionals’ in the institutions, prevent from contamination for health care providers, general peoples and patients. Still, lacking in many countries as alternative ways to adapt for digital health technologies in health care practices. Thus, it is necessary to adapt digital health technologies although there are few studies on the use of digital health technologies focusing on COVID-19. It is not only for COVID-19 issues but also should be implement to make our daily life easiest than before to fight with communicable disease.
{"title":"Current and Future Growing demand of Digital Health Technologies to care Dementia and Elderly during Pandemic","authors":"Krishna Prasad Pathak, Luiz Robberto Ramos","doi":"10.37107/jhas.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.433","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has created huge challenges for health systems worldwide for health career sources and health care providers in health institutions. An immense range of digital health technologies can be considerable health strategies in recent years. We searched electronically published relevant articles in English language using these “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, “technologies”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome”, “dementia”, “digital-health”, and “older adult care”. It helps to collect the digital information, collect data, transfer, store, frontline protection, to reduce the risk of rapid contamination, analysis and proper monitor information system, holistic control, manage, care and prevention, decrease the patients overload to the health care professionals’ in the institutions, prevent from contamination for health care providers, general peoples and patients. Still, lacking in many countries as alternative ways to adapt for digital health technologies in health care practices. Thus, it is necessary to adapt digital health technologies although there are few studies on the use of digital health technologies focusing on COVID-19. It is not only for COVID-19 issues but also should be implement to make our daily life easiest than before to fight with communicable disease.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78758597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmita Sharma, P. Gurung, Sirjana Devkota, Sunita Ghimire, Bipin Chapagain
Introduction: Escherichia coli is enteric Gram-negative bacilli, earlier recognized as non-invasive commensal. Invasive strains of E. coli have been identified and are associated with a variety of human infections. Increasing drug resistance among E. coli has been reported. Multidrug resistance is the ability of an organism to resist at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. The aim of this study was to detect fecal carriage of MDR E. coli isolates among healthy school children. Methods: A total of 139 stool samples were collected from Rastriya Secondary School, Purano Tudikhel, Pokhara-1. Isolation, identification, and Antibiotic susceptibility test pattern of E. coli isolates were done by standard microbiological techniques. Further Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase test was performed by Combined Disc Test and data analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel. Results: A total of 106 E. coli were isolated from the stool samples. MDR E. coli were found to be 8 (7.55%) and 7 E. coli isolates were resistant to Ceftazidime which was further tested for ESBL and 5 isolates were found to be ESBL producers. The resistance of E. coli to Ampicillin, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Ciprofloxacin, and Gentamicin was 27.36%, 43%, 10.38%, 6.60%, 6.60%, and 2.83% respectively. Only one isolate was resistant to all antibiotics used except Imipenem. Conclusion: E. coli is the main Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the stool sample and identified as the main carrier of antimicrobial resistance in species comparison of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from fecal samples. Therefore, quick surveillance is needed in order to effectively handle such MDR strains. The E. coli population susceptible to all antibiotics used was a much more diverse group than the resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli.
{"title":"Fecal Carriage of Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli in Healthy Children: a Community-based Study","authors":"Asmita Sharma, P. Gurung, Sirjana Devkota, Sunita Ghimire, Bipin Chapagain","doi":"10.37107/jhas.430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.430","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Escherichia coli is enteric Gram-negative bacilli, earlier recognized as non-invasive commensal. Invasive strains of E. coli have been identified and are associated with a variety of human infections. Increasing drug resistance among E. coli has been reported. Multidrug resistance is the ability of an organism to resist at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. The aim of this study was to detect fecal carriage of MDR E. coli isolates among healthy school children. \u0000 Methods: A total of 139 stool samples were collected from Rastriya Secondary School, Purano Tudikhel, Pokhara-1. Isolation, identification, and Antibiotic susceptibility test pattern of E. coli isolates were done by standard microbiological techniques. Further Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase test was performed by Combined Disc Test and data analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel. \u0000Results: A total of 106 E. coli were isolated from the stool samples. MDR E. coli were found to be 8 (7.55%) and 7 E. coli isolates were resistant to Ceftazidime which was further tested for ESBL and 5 isolates were found to be ESBL producers. The resistance of E. coli to Ampicillin, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Ciprofloxacin, and Gentamicin was 27.36%, 43%, 10.38%, 6.60%, 6.60%, and 2.83% respectively. Only one isolate was resistant to all antibiotics used except Imipenem. \u0000Conclusion: E. coli is the main Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the stool sample and identified as the main carrier of antimicrobial resistance in species comparison of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from fecal samples. Therefore, quick surveillance is needed in order to effectively handle such MDR strains. The E. coli population susceptible to all antibiotics used was a much more diverse group than the resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90410501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Need and Important of Implementation Research in Nepal","authors":"P. Simkhada","doi":"10.37107/jhas.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.419","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87890048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nim Bahadur Dangi, Sajana Maharjan, Amit Shrestha, Rabindra Kumar Rokaya, Khem Raj Joshi
Introduction: Cosmetics are a significant source of heavy metals, as they contain various chemicals as ingredients and additives. There are concerns about the presence of hazardous chemicals in cosmetics, including heavy metals. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of heavy metals, specifically lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Arsenic (As), in bathing soaps, shampoos, face creams, and bulk powders sold in Nepal. Methods: Fourteen different brands of bathing soaps, shampoos, face creams and bulk powders were purchased from local markets of major cities of seven provinces of Nepal to determine the concentrations of three metals (Pb, Cd and As) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: The results showed that lead was detected in four samples, and all of them exceeded the permissible limit. Arsenic was detected in only one sample, which also exceeded the limit. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that some cosmetic products in Nepal contain heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, and As, above the permissible limits. The continuous use of such products may result in harmful effects, and consumers should exercise caution. Manufacturers must be informed of their products' status to eliminate these heavy metals, and regulatory guidelines should be strictly enforced, accompanied by routine analytical checks, to ensure that cosmetics are safe for human use.
{"title":"Determination of Heavy Metals in Selected Cosmetic Products sold in Nepal","authors":"Nim Bahadur Dangi, Sajana Maharjan, Amit Shrestha, Rabindra Kumar Rokaya, Khem Raj Joshi","doi":"10.37107/jhas.432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.432","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cosmetics are a significant source of heavy metals, as they contain various chemicals as ingredients and additives. There are concerns about the presence of hazardous chemicals in cosmetics, including heavy metals. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of heavy metals, specifically lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Arsenic (As), in bathing soaps, shampoos, face creams, and bulk powders sold in Nepal. \u0000 Methods: Fourteen different brands of bathing soaps, shampoos, face creams and bulk powders were purchased from local markets of major cities of seven provinces of Nepal to determine the concentrations of three metals (Pb, Cd and As) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). \u0000Results: The results showed that lead was detected in four samples, and all of them exceeded the permissible limit. Arsenic was detected in only one sample, which also exceeded the limit. \u0000Conclusion: This study demonstrates that some cosmetic products in Nepal contain heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, and As, above the permissible limits. The continuous use of such products may result in harmful effects, and consumers should exercise caution. Manufacturers must be informed of their products' status to eliminate these heavy metals, and regulatory guidelines should be strictly enforced, accompanied by routine analytical checks, to ensure that cosmetics are safe for human use.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91248062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem among females, and it is defined as cramping pain in the lower abdomen occurring just before or during menstruation. The study aims to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its effects among secondary school girls in Pokhara Metropolitan, Kaski. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 347 participants from 12 public secondary schools of Pokhara metropolitan city studying in grades 11 and 12 using semi-structured questionnaire. A standard tool, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), was used to assess the severity of pain felt by the participants. Data were entered in Epi-Data and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea among secondary school girls was 74.4%. Of them mild, moderate, and severe dysmenorrhea accounted 20.5%, 53.5%, and 26%, respectively. Lower abdominal pain (86.8%) was the most common symptom, followed by back pain (62%). The menstrual cycle was regular among 68% of the participants. More than half (56.2%) of the participants had a positive family history of dysmenorrhea whereas, 71.3% had an occurrence of dysmenorrhea more frequently (every month). The most (84.1%) of the participants had menstrual pain on the first day; among them, 46.5% had remaining menstrual pain up to two days. Pattern of menstrual cycle, (AOR 2.860; 95% CI: 1.491-5.484), Positive family history of dysmenorrhea, (AOR 4.759; 95% CI: 2.746-8.246), intake of coffee 1-2 times per day; (AOR 0.345; 95% CI: 0.058-2.056) had statistically significant association with the prevalence of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Nearly three-quarters of the secondary school girls experience dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea tends to be more common among secondary school girls with a family history of dysmenorrhea and history of irregular menstruation
痛经是女性最常见的妇科问题，定义为在月经前或月经期间发生的下腹绞痛。该研究的目的是评估痛经的流行程度及其对Kaski博卡拉大都会中学女生的影响。方法:采用半结构式问卷对博卡拉市12所公立中学11年级和12年级的347名学生进行横断面描述性研究。使用标准工具视觉模拟量表(VAS)来评估参与者感受到的疼痛程度。数据在Epi-Data中输入，并在SPSS version 20中进行分析。结果:中学女生痛经患病率为74.4%。其中，轻度痛经占20.5%，中度痛经占53.5%，重度痛经占26%。最常见的症状是下腹部疼痛(86.8%)，其次是背部疼痛(62%)。68%的参与者月经周期规律。超过一半(56.2%)的参与者有痛经家族史，而71.3%的参与者更频繁(每月)出现痛经。第一天出现痛经的患者最多(84.1%);其中46.5%的人有持续2天的痛经。月经周期模式，AOR 2.860;95% CI: 1.491-5.484)，阳性痛经家族史(AOR 4.759;95%可信区间:2.746-8.246)，每天喝1-2次咖啡;(优势比0.345;95% CI: 0.058-2.056)与痛经发生率有统计学意义。结论:近四分之三的中学女生经历痛经。痛经多见于有痛经家族史和月经不调史的中学女生
{"title":"Prevalence and Effects of Dysmenorrhea on Academic Performance among Secondary School Girls in Pokhara Metropolitan, Kaski","authors":"B. Poudel, Arun Kumar Koirala","doi":"10.37107/jhas.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.426","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem among females, and it is defined as cramping pain in the lower abdomen occurring just before or during menstruation. The study aims to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its effects among secondary school girls in Pokhara Metropolitan, Kaski. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 347 participants from 12 public secondary schools of Pokhara metropolitan city studying in grades 11 and 12 using semi-structured questionnaire. A standard tool, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), was used to assess the severity of pain felt by the participants. Data were entered in Epi-Data and analyzed in SPSS version 20. \u0000Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea among secondary school girls was 74.4%. Of them mild, moderate, and severe dysmenorrhea accounted 20.5%, 53.5%, and 26%, respectively. Lower abdominal pain (86.8%) was the most common symptom, followed by back pain (62%). The menstrual cycle was regular among 68% of the participants. More than half (56.2%) of the participants had a positive family history of dysmenorrhea whereas, 71.3% had an occurrence of dysmenorrhea more frequently (every month). The most (84.1%) of the participants had menstrual pain on the first day; among them, 46.5% had remaining menstrual pain up to two days. Pattern of menstrual cycle, (AOR 2.860; 95% CI: 1.491-5.484), Positive family history of dysmenorrhea, (AOR 4.759; 95% CI: 2.746-8.246), intake of coffee 1-2 times per day; (AOR 0.345; 95% CI: 0.058-2.056) had statistically significant association with the prevalence of dysmenorrhea. \u0000Conclusion: Nearly three-quarters of the secondary school girls experience dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea tends to be more common among secondary school girls with a family history of dysmenorrhea and history of irregular menstruation","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90161796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major worldwide public health problem. A healthy diet has been the best measure for preventing the diabetic condition of patients. This study aimed to assess the dietary practice and its associated factors among type 2 Diabetes Patients in Pokhara Metropolitan. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 390 diabetic patients in Pokhara, Nepal. A proportionate sequential sampling technique was used to make the sample representative from four different health facilities. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and food measurement for daily energy intake was calculated. The P-value of <0.05 was considered as a cut-off for statistical significance. Results: This study revealed that more than half (55.6%) of participants were female. Nearly three-fifths (57.2%) of participants were overweight and 16.2% were obese. In this study, 49.5% of diabetic patients had adequate calories and 37.4% had good dietary practice. The study showed that the variables like family type, type of oil used, BMI, and duration of diabetes mellitus were associated with food consumption practices among type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that nearly two third of the patients had poor dietary practices. Family type, the oil used, duration of diabetes and BMI level were associated factors for the dietary practices among type 2 diabetes patients. Nutrition education and counseling on healthy dietary practices among newly diagnosed diabetes patients and malnourished by BMI measurement need to be emphasized by health workers while providing health care services to diabetes patients.
{"title":"Dietary Consumption Practices and Its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Pokhara Metropolitan","authors":"Dipendra Kumar Yadav, Rajesh Kumar Yadav, Sarmila Baral, Sushila Baral, Pragya Banstola, Sulaksha Paudel","doi":"10.37107/jhas.420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.420","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major worldwide public health problem. A healthy diet has been the best measure for preventing the diabetic condition of patients. This study aimed to assess the dietary practice and its associated factors among type 2 Diabetes Patients in Pokhara Metropolitan. \u0000Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 390 diabetic patients in Pokhara, Nepal. A proportionate sequential sampling technique was used to make the sample representative from four different health facilities. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and food measurement for daily energy intake was calculated. The P-value of <0.05 was considered as a cut-off for statistical significance. \u0000Results: This study revealed that more than half (55.6%) of participants were female. Nearly three-fifths (57.2%) of participants were overweight and 16.2% were obese. In this study, 49.5% of diabetic patients had adequate calories and 37.4% had good dietary practice. The study showed that the variables like family type, type of oil used, BMI, and duration of diabetes mellitus were associated with food consumption practices among type 2 diabetic patients. \u0000Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that nearly two third of the patients had poor dietary practices. Family type, the oil used, duration of diabetes and BMI level were associated factors for the dietary practices among type 2 diabetes patients. Nutrition education and counseling on healthy dietary practices among newly diagnosed diabetes patients and malnourished by BMI measurement need to be emphasized by health workers while providing health care services to diabetes patients.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82941953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Stress that arises at the time of working and work related to teaching is simply called occupational stress. Teaching is considered as a most stressful occupation. This study aims to assess the level of occupational stress and its coping strategies among school teachers of Pokhara Lekthnath Metropolitan. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used to assess stress level and its coping strategies from June to December 2019. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used including both types of Public and Private schools and only one-third wards were taken out of 33 wards. From each school, fifty percent teachers were taken randomly from the total number. ‘Teacher Occupational Stress scale’ and ‘Modified brief cope inventory’ was freely available standard tool used for this survey. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Crude odds ratio was calculated to assess the coping strategies with stress level. Results: In this study, majority of respondents have experienced less stress which is 90.8% followed by moderate stress 7.6% and more stress 1.6%. The most common sources of stress were inadequate resources, poor job promotion, pupil misbehaviors, inadequate salary and more numbers of students in the classroom. The frequently used coping strategies were using alcohol or other drugs (UOR:5.68, CI: 2.30-14.02), taking action to make situation better (UOR: 3.24, CI:1.48- 7.07), think hard about what steps to take (UOR: 0.16, CI: 0.06-0.44), trying to get advice/ help from others (UOR: 0.27, CI: 0.08-0.67), accepting the reality of the situation (UOR:0.39, CI: 0.16-0.95). Conclusion: This study concludes that majority of teachers felt less stress and only marital status was found to be statistically significant (p<0.034) with stress level. The most significant sources of stress among teachers were unable to concentrate, inadequate salary, respect and prestige and less leave.
{"title":"Occupational Stress and Its Coping Strategies among School Teachers of Pokhara Metropolitan","authors":"A. Poudel, S. Wagle","doi":"10.37107/jhas.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.412","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stress that arises at the time of working and work related to teaching is simply called occupational stress. Teaching is considered as a most stressful occupation. This study aims to assess the level of occupational stress and its coping strategies among school teachers of Pokhara Lekthnath Metropolitan. \u0000Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used to assess stress level and its coping strategies from June to December 2019. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used including both types of Public and Private schools and only one-third wards were taken out of 33 wards. From each school, fifty percent teachers were taken randomly from the total number. ‘Teacher Occupational Stress scale’ and ‘Modified brief cope inventory’ was freely available standard tool used for this survey. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Crude odds ratio was calculated to assess the coping strategies with stress level. \u0000Results: In this study, majority of respondents have experienced less stress which is 90.8% followed by moderate stress 7.6% and more stress 1.6%. The most common sources of stress were inadequate resources, poor job promotion, pupil misbehaviors, inadequate salary and more numbers of students in the classroom. The frequently used coping strategies were using alcohol or other drugs (UOR:5.68, CI: 2.30-14.02), taking action to make situation better (UOR: 3.24, CI:1.48- 7.07), think hard about what steps to take (UOR: 0.16, CI: 0.06-0.44), trying to get advice/ help from others (UOR: 0.27, CI: 0.08-0.67), accepting the reality of the situation (UOR:0.39, CI: 0.16-0.95). \u0000 Conclusion: This study concludes that majority of teachers felt less stress and only marital status was found to be statistically significant (p<0.034) with stress level. The most significant sources of stress among teachers were unable to concentrate, inadequate salary, respect and prestige and less leave.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82502483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Drug utilization research deals with the quality of care focusing on potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), The objectives of the study were to assess the drug utilization pattern (class of drugs used, average number of drugs per prescription per encounter, number of drug prescribed in generic name and antibiotics in prescription) and potentially inappropriate medications and their categories among elderly inpatients. Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out in the medical department of Western Regional Hospital, one of the tertiary level public referral hospital in Pokhara, Nepal. One hundred and two patients of both sexes, age above 65 years and who were hospitalized in medical department were selected. The patients were followed until their discharge to obtain complete information about the drugs being used. Patient data collection form and Updated 2012 Beers Criteria were used to assess drug utilization patterns and determine PIM respectively. Results: Most of the patients were in the age group of 65-70 (37.25%) followed by 71-75 (27.45%) and 76-80 (18.62%). Out of 102 patients, 53 (51.97%) were male and 49 (48.03 %) were female. Antimicrobials were the most prescribed medicines (16.73%). Average number of drugs per prescription per encounters, number of drug prescribed in generic name and number of antibiotics in prescription were 7.26, 9.6% and 21% respectively. About 57% of medicines were prescribed from the national essential medicine list. Among them, 20 (3.91%) of all drugs had at least one PIM. There were 27 drugs in Beers criteria A, one drug in Beers criteria B, and no drug in Beers criteria C. Conclusion: Antibiotic prescription was found within the optimal values whereas values of other prescribing indicators were out of the optimal values in comparing earlier studies. PIM was observed in prescriptions that suggest irrational practice and the need for interventions.
{"title":"Drug Utilization Pattern and Potentially Inappropriate Medications among Elderly Inpatients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Nepal","authors":"A. Thapa, Sangam Subedi","doi":"10.37107/jhas.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.407","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Drug utilization research deals with the quality of care focusing on potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), The objectives of the study were to assess the drug utilization pattern (class of drugs used, average number of drugs per prescription per encounter, number of drug prescribed in generic name and antibiotics in prescription) and potentially inappropriate medications and their categories among elderly inpatients. \u0000Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out in the medical department of Western Regional Hospital, one of the tertiary level public referral hospital in Pokhara, Nepal. One hundred and two patients of both sexes, age above 65 years and who were hospitalized in medical department were selected. The patients were followed until their discharge to obtain complete information about the drugs being used. Patient data collection form and Updated 2012 Beers Criteria were used to assess drug utilization patterns and determine PIM respectively. \u0000Results: Most of the patients were in the age group of 65-70 (37.25%) followed by 71-75 (27.45%) and 76-80 (18.62%). Out of 102 patients, 53 (51.97%) were male and 49 (48.03 %) were female. Antimicrobials were the most prescribed medicines (16.73%). Average number of drugs per prescription per encounters, number of drug prescribed in generic name and number of antibiotics in prescription were 7.26, 9.6% and 21% respectively. About 57% of medicines were prescribed from the national essential medicine list. Among them, 20 (3.91%) of all drugs had at least one PIM. There were 27 drugs in Beers criteria A, one drug in Beers criteria B, and no drug in Beers criteria C. \u0000 Conclusion: Antibiotic prescription was found within the optimal values whereas values of other prescribing indicators were out of the optimal values in comparing earlier studies. PIM was observed in prescriptions that suggest irrational practice and the need for interventions.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86048798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The number of male nurses in the world is very low. Within the nursing profession men remain a minority. Women have been entering male-dominated fields for decades, but it’s less common for a predominantly female occupation to have a substantial increase in its share of men. On 19th of June 2018 the Nepal Nursing Council has issued a notice making it mandatory for all nursing institutions across the country to allocate 15% seats for male students in nursing courses. Hence this study aims to identify the perception regarding re-entry of males in nursing profession among female nurses of Pokhara. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling technique among 219 Registered Nurses (RN) working in hospital and academic institutions of Pokhara. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between perception of female nurses regarding re-entry of male in nursing profession and selected variable. Results: Maximum (70.3%) of participants were in the age group of 19-29 years, about half of the participants (49.8%) educational level were certificate level, nine out of ten (90.0%) of the participants were from clinical site. More than half of the participant (51.6%) had negative perception regarding entry of males in nursing profession whereas (48.4%) participants had positive perception regarding re-entry of males in nursing profession. Total work experience was associated with the level of perception as its p value is <0.05 i.e. 0.02. Conclusion: More than half of the participants had negative perception regarding re–entry of males in nursing profession. Total work experience of the participants is associated with perception of female nurses regarding re-entry of males in nursing profession.
{"title":"Perception of Female Nurses Regarding Re-entry of Males in Nursing Profession: A study from Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"Kristina Bhandari, Nirmal Neupane","doi":"10.37107/jhas.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.409","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The number of male nurses in the world is very low. Within the nursing profession men remain a minority. Women have been entering male-dominated fields for decades, but it’s less common for a predominantly female occupation to have a substantial increase in its share of men. On 19th of June 2018 the Nepal Nursing Council has issued a notice making it mandatory for all nursing institutions across the country to allocate 15% seats for male students in nursing courses. Hence this study aims to identify the perception regarding re-entry of males in nursing profession among female nurses of Pokhara. \u0000Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling technique among 219 Registered Nurses (RN) working in hospital and academic institutions of Pokhara. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between perception of female nurses regarding re-entry of male in nursing profession and selected variable. \u0000Results: Maximum (70.3%) of participants were in the age group of 19-29 years, about half of the participants (49.8%) educational level were certificate level, nine out of ten (90.0%) of the participants were from clinical site. More than half of the participant (51.6%) had negative perception regarding entry of males in nursing profession whereas (48.4%) participants had positive perception regarding re-entry of males in nursing profession. Total work experience was associated with the level of perception as its p value is <0.05 i.e. 0.02. \u0000Conclusion: More than half of the participants had negative perception regarding re–entry of males in nursing profession. Total work experience of the participants is associated with perception of female nurses regarding re-entry of males in nursing profession.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72663754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Need of Clinical Pharmacy Service in the Hospitals of Nepal","authors":"Dharma Prasad Khanal","doi":"10.37107/jhas.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.406","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84327551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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