P. Dhakal, Brihaspati Sigdel, Pushpa Kumari Ghimire, Sharada Prasad Wasti
Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for up to six months has several benefits for children in reducing their morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of EBF practice and its influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 362 breastfeeding mothers attending selected health facilities in the Kathmandu district. Data were collected using structured questionnaires through a face-to-face interview. The knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and social support of breastfeeding were assessed by Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) and Exclusive Breastfeeding Social Support Scale (EBSSS) scales respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, through SPSS. Results: The prevalence of EBF practices for the six months was 64.1%. The higher proportion (99.2%) of the respondents had high self-efficacy for breastfeeding, 95.3% of the respondents had positive attitudes toward EBF, and 89.8% had high social support for EBF practices. The determinant of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale was being a Hindu religion (aOR 6.1, 95% CI, 2.23-16.58). The determinants of the exclusive breastfeeding social support scale were being a mother who did colostrum feeding (aOR 11.8, 95% CI, 2.29-61.14), had institutional delivery (aOR 7.4, 95% CI, 2.21-24.54), and had school level education (aOR 3.6, 95% CI, 1.54-8.53). The determinants of EBF practices were of being an unemployed mother (aOR 2.7, 95%CI, 1.40-5.07) and mothers aged 26 year-old and below (aOR 1.7, 95%CI, 1.08-2.64). Conclusion: Findings reveal that high level of knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and social support towards exclusive breastfeeding, but the prevalence of EBF practice is still low, so it should be promoted by having targeted intervention programs for mothers who are at-risk groups. Breastfeeding awareness programs should be integrated into the existing immunization clinics and give information to mothers about its long-term benefits.
{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice among Breastfeeding Mothers in Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"P. Dhakal, Brihaspati Sigdel, Pushpa Kumari Ghimire, Sharada Prasad Wasti","doi":"10.37107/jhas.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.411","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for up to six months has several benefits for children in reducing their morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of EBF practice and its influencing factors. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 362 breastfeeding mothers attending selected health facilities in the Kathmandu district. Data were collected using structured questionnaires through a face-to-face interview. The knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and social support of breastfeeding were assessed by Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) and Exclusive Breastfeeding Social Support Scale (EBSSS) scales respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, through SPSS. \u0000Results: The prevalence of EBF practices for the six months was 64.1%. The higher proportion (99.2%) of the respondents had high self-efficacy for breastfeeding, 95.3% of the respondents had positive attitudes toward EBF, and 89.8% had high social support for EBF practices. The determinant of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale was being a Hindu religion (aOR 6.1, 95% CI, 2.23-16.58). The determinants of the exclusive breastfeeding social support scale were being a mother who did colostrum feeding (aOR 11.8, 95% CI, 2.29-61.14), had institutional delivery (aOR 7.4, 95% CI, 2.21-24.54), and had school level education (aOR 3.6, 95% CI, 1.54-8.53). The determinants of EBF practices were of being an unemployed mother (aOR 2.7, 95%CI, 1.40-5.07) and mothers aged 26 year-old and below (aOR 1.7, 95%CI, 1.08-2.64). \u0000Conclusion: Findings reveal that high level of knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and social support towards exclusive breastfeeding, but the prevalence of EBF practice is still low, so it should be promoted by having targeted intervention programs for mothers who are at-risk groups. Breastfeeding awareness programs should be integrated into the existing immunization clinics and give information to mothers about its long-term benefits.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79996200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Conflict between work and family is a consequence of incompatibilities between different roles of nurses. Nurses need to maintain equilibrium between the demands of work and family life because it is important for their physical and mental health. The elimination of distress is primarily achieved through effective coping. The objective of this study was to assess the status of work family conflict and coping strategies among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nurses of a teaching hospital. Consecutive sampling was employed for the selection of 110 nurses. A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of Carlson work family conflict scale and brief cope inventory was used for data collection. Work-Family Conflict was categorized into high and low level based on the mean score. Similarly, Coping Strategies was also categorized into high and low coping based on the mean score. A Chi-square test was used to find the association between variables and status of work-family conflict. Results: Nearly half (44.5%) of the nurses were suffering from high work family conflict and more than half (51.8%) of the participants were adopting high coping strategies. The religion(p=0.042) and schedule flexibility (p=0.026) were found to be significantly associated with the status of work-family conflict. Conclusion: The study concludes that almost half of the nurses working in teaching hospital suffer from high work-family conflict. So, there is a need to pay attention to the interface of work and family roles in order to reduce the conflict level and enhance work output among nurses.
{"title":"Work-Family Conflict and Coping Strategies among Nurses of a Selected Teaching Hospital in Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"Puja Kunwar, J. Ojha","doi":"10.37107/jhas.410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.410","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Conflict between work and family is a consequence of incompatibilities between different roles of nurses. Nurses need to maintain equilibrium between the demands of work and family life because it is important for their physical and mental health. The elimination of distress is primarily achieved through effective coping. The objective of this study was to assess the status of work family conflict and coping strategies among nurses. \u0000 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nurses of a teaching hospital. Consecutive sampling was employed for the selection of 110 nurses. A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of Carlson work family conflict scale and brief cope inventory was used for data collection. Work-Family Conflict was categorized into high and low level based on the mean score. Similarly, Coping Strategies was also categorized into high and low coping based on the mean score. A Chi-square test was used to find the association between variables and status of work-family conflict. \u0000Results: Nearly half (44.5%) of the nurses were suffering from high work family conflict and more than half (51.8%) of the participants were adopting high coping strategies. The religion(p=0.042) and schedule flexibility (p=0.026) were found to be significantly associated with the status of work-family conflict. \u0000 Conclusion: The study concludes that almost half of the nurses working in teaching hospital suffer from high work-family conflict. So, there is a need to pay attention to the interface of work and family roles in order to reduce the conflict level and enhance work output among nurses.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90786594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Timilsina, Y. Sawangdee, Aung Tin Kyaw, Sirjana Tiwari, Ashmita Adhikari
Introduction: The Fertility of Thailand declined to 1.6 in 2014 compared to 6.5 in the early sixties. This fertility revolution was accompanied by a concurrent revolution of contraceptive behavior among Thai people. This study examined the role of individual and geospatial factors to explain the variation in contraceptive method choice among married in two selected districts of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Methods: The sample size in this study was 1468. The study population was currently married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were residing in two selected districts of Kanchanaburi province, Sai Yok and Muang districts, collected under the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance Site (KDSS) project from 2004 to 2006. The study performed multinomial logistic regression for statistical analysis and Arc view GIS for spatial analysis to identify the factors associated with contraceptive method choice. Results: The women in the middle age group and urban women were more likely to use permanent methods over non use and temporary methods compared to young and rural women respectively. Women having higher than secondary education used both temporary and permanent contraceptive methods 2.5 times more than uneducated women (AOR 2.43; 95% CI 1.33– 4.46 for temporary versus none and AOR 2.54; 95% CI 1.29 – 5.01 for permanent versus none respectively). If women has no children, they were significantly less likely to use permanent method over non-use as well as over temporary methods. Geo-spatial analysis results showed transportation facilities determine the contraceptive choice. Conclusion: The better transportation network facilitated women to use a permanent contraceptive method rather than the temporary method. It is necessary to establish a better transportation system and education system in the areas, especially in the mountainous regions to improve accessibility and to realize reproductive health services. Further, investments in increasing women's access to various contraceptive options are urgently needed.
{"title":"An Analysis of Contraceptive Method Choice among Married Women of Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance site in Thailand","authors":"K. Timilsina, Y. Sawangdee, Aung Tin Kyaw, Sirjana Tiwari, Ashmita Adhikari","doi":"10.37107/jhas.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.268","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Fertility of Thailand declined to 1.6 in 2014 compared to 6.5 in the early sixties. This fertility revolution was accompanied by a concurrent revolution of contraceptive behavior among Thai people. This study examined the role of individual and geospatial factors to explain the variation in contraceptive method choice among married in two selected districts of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. \u0000Methods: The sample size in this study was 1468. The study population was currently married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were residing in two selected districts of Kanchanaburi province, Sai Yok and Muang districts, collected under the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance Site (KDSS) project from 2004 to 2006. The study performed multinomial logistic regression for statistical analysis and Arc view GIS for spatial analysis to identify the factors associated with contraceptive method choice. \u0000Results: The women in the middle age group and urban women were more likely to use permanent methods over non use and temporary methods compared to young and rural women respectively. Women having higher than secondary education used both temporary and permanent contraceptive methods 2.5 times more than uneducated women (AOR 2.43; 95% CI 1.33– 4.46 for temporary versus none and AOR 2.54; 95% CI 1.29 – 5.01 for permanent versus none respectively). If women has no children, they were significantly less likely to use permanent method over non-use as well as over temporary methods. Geo-spatial analysis results showed transportation facilities determine the contraceptive choice. \u0000Conclusion: The better transportation network facilitated women to use a permanent contraceptive method rather than the temporary method. It is necessary to establish a better transportation system and education system in the areas, especially in the mountainous regions to improve accessibility and to realize reproductive health services. Further, investments in increasing women's access to various contraceptive options are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84848083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood mental health disorders. It causes impairment in the child’s key life activities, for instance, social relations, academic, family and vocational functioning, furthermore, adherence to social regulations, norms and laws. Teachers can play a valuable informant in regard to diagnosis on ADHD as they are in regular contact with children. The objective of this study was to identify level of awareness and associated factors of awareness on ADHD among primary school teachers of public schools in Kathmandu. Methods: Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. Out of 274 primary level schools in Kathmandu, 14 schools were selected by lottery method. Cluster random sampling technique was used. All the available primary teachers from selected schools were included in the study. Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDS) was used to collect data. The total sample size was 130. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find out the association between awareness on ADHD and selected study variables. Results: Among 130 school teachers, more than half (50.8%) had low level of awareness. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the educational level was significantly associated with awareness on ADHD. However, in bivariate analysis the teachers’ age and duration of teaching were also significantly associated with the awareness on ADHD. Conclusion: More than half of primary level school teachers of public schools had low level of awareness on ADHD. Education level of the teachers was associated with level of awareness. Hence, the teachers need to be encouraged to pursue higher level education.
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童最常见的心理健康障碍之一。它会损害儿童的主要生活活动，例如社会关系、学业、家庭和职业功能，此外，还会损害对社会规章、规范和法律的遵守。由于教师经常与儿童接触，他们可以在ADHD的诊断方面发挥有价值的信息。本研究的目的是确定加德满都公立学校小学教师对ADHD的认识水平及其相关因素。方法:采用描述性横断面研究设计。在加德满都的274所小学中，有14所学校是通过抽签方式选出的。采用整群随机抽样技术。从选定的学校中选出的所有小学教师都被纳入了研究。采用注意缺陷障碍知识量表(kadd)收集数据。总样本量为130。使用SPSS version 20进行数据分析。采用双变量和多变量logistic回归分析，找出ADHD意识与选定研究变量之间的关系。结果:在130名学校教师中，半数以上(50.8%)教师的认知水平较低。多因素logistic回归分析显示，受教育程度与ADHD意识显著相关。然而，在双变量分析中，教师的年龄和教学时间也与ADHD意识显著相关。结论:公立学校半数以上的小学教师对ADHD的认知水平较低。教师的教育程度与意识水平相关。因此，需要鼓励教师接受更高水平的教育。
{"title":"Awareness on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Primary School Teachers of Public Schools in Kathmandu","authors":"Pooja Sharma, Pragya Kunwar","doi":"10.37107/jhas.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.214","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood mental health disorders. It causes impairment in the child’s key life activities, for instance, social relations, academic, family and vocational functioning, furthermore, adherence to social regulations, norms and laws. Teachers can play a valuable informant in regard to diagnosis on ADHD as they are in regular contact with children. The objective of this study was to identify level of awareness and associated factors of awareness on ADHD among primary school teachers of public schools in Kathmandu. \u0000Methods: Descriptive cross sectional research design was used. Out of 274 primary level schools in Kathmandu, 14 schools were selected by lottery method. Cluster random sampling technique was used. All the available primary teachers from selected schools were included in the study. Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDS) was used to collect data. The total sample size was 130. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find out the association between awareness on ADHD and selected study variables. \u0000Results: Among 130 school teachers, more than half (50.8%) had low level of awareness. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the educational level was significantly associated with awareness on ADHD. However, in bivariate analysis the teachers’ age and duration of teaching were also significantly associated with the awareness on ADHD. \u0000Conclusion: More than half of primary level school teachers of public schools had low level of awareness on ADHD. Education level of the teachers was associated with level of awareness. Hence, the teachers need to be encouraged to pursue higher level education.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90564136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Adolescent reproductive health has become a great concern today due to increasing rate of unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion and sexually transmitted disease. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the reproductive health knowledge, attitude and health services utilization among adolescents in rural and urban areas of Kaski district. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 adolescents (10-19 years of age) in rural and urban areas of Kaski district, Nepal. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to select required number of participants. Results: Out of 419, majority (78.8%) of the respondents were known about family planning, among them only 70.0% of respondents were aware about family planning methods. Fifty-one percentages of the respondents were aware about the sexually transmitted diseases. Nearly twenty-six percentage of the respondents faced the reproductive health problems within one month. Out of 107 respondents, 57.9% did not utilize reproductive health services. Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge towards reproductive health among adolescents was found low. However, levels of attitude towards different reproductive health components were found favorable. Only 42.1% of the respondents utilized reproductive health services among those who faced the reproductive health problems within one month.
{"title":"Reproductive health knowledge, attitude and health services utilization among adolescent in Kaski District","authors":"Rajani Ghimire, S. Baral, D. Yadav","doi":"10.37107/jhas.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.204","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adolescent reproductive health has become a great concern today due to increasing rate of unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion and sexually transmitted disease. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the reproductive health knowledge, attitude and health services utilization among adolescents in rural and urban areas of Kaski district. \u0000Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 adolescents (10-19 years of age) in rural and urban areas of Kaski district, Nepal. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to select required number of participants. \u0000Results: Out of 419, majority (78.8%) of the respondents were known about family planning, among them only 70.0% of respondents were aware about family planning methods. Fifty-one percentages of the respondents were aware about the sexually transmitted diseases. Nearly twenty-six percentage of the respondents faced the reproductive health problems within one month. Out of 107 respondents, 57.9% did not utilize reproductive health services. \u0000Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge towards reproductive health among adolescents was found low. However, levels of attitude towards different reproductive health components were found favorable. Only 42.1% of the respondents utilized reproductive health services among those who faced the reproductive health problems within one month.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84142466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Sustainable maintenance of good menstrual hygiene practice is crucial for sound reproductive health, education, dignity, and empowerment of adolescent girls. Menstrual hygiene is less addressed in Nepalese context. So this study aimed to assess the menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls in the public schools of Mahalaxmi Municipality in Lalitpur district. Methods: A cross sectional study was adopted among 190 respondents of grades 8, 9 and 10 from three public schools of Mahalaxmi Municipality in Lalitpur District. Sample was selected by using simple random technique through lottery method. Data were collected using pre-tested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS version 16 for window. Bivariables and multivariable logistic analysis were computed to identify factors associated with good menstrual hygiene practice. Results: The mean age (±SD) of the study participants and menarche were 15.04 ±1.10 years and 12.86 ±0.96 years. About 43.7% used sanitary pad to absorb their menstrual bleeding, 65.8% disposed the used absorbent in dustbin, 41.1% took daily bath and 40% changed their absorbent three or more times during menstruation. Overall, 62.1% of them had good level of menstrual hygiene practices. Good menstrual hygiene practice was significantly associated with increase in age (AOR: 1.186, 95% CI: 0.540-2.603) living in nuclear family (AOR: 1.664, 95% CI: 0.884-3.281) up in grade (AOR: 2.688, 95% CI: 1.216-5.940) having regular menstruation one year and more(AOR:1.763, 95% CI: 0.838-3.711) and availability of water inside the toilet (AOR:1.226, 95% CI: 0.533-2.820). Conclusion: Considerable percentages of adolescent girls in the public schools have poor menstrual hygiene practice. Therefore, provision of appropriate school health programs and basic sustainable sanitation is needed to enhance menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls.
{"title":"Menstrual Hygiene Practice among Adolescent Girls in the Public Schools of Mahalaxmi Municipality in Lalitpur District","authors":"Anju Bajracharya, Archana Pandey Bista","doi":"10.37107/jhas.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.258","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sustainable maintenance of good menstrual hygiene practice is crucial for sound reproductive health, education, dignity, and empowerment of adolescent girls. Menstrual hygiene is less addressed in Nepalese context. So this study aimed to assess the menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls in the public schools of Mahalaxmi Municipality in Lalitpur district. \u0000Methods: A cross sectional study was adopted among 190 respondents of grades 8, 9 and 10 from three public schools of Mahalaxmi Municipality in Lalitpur District. Sample was selected by using simple random technique through lottery method. Data were collected using pre-tested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS version 16 for window. Bivariables and multivariable logistic analysis were computed to identify factors associated with good menstrual hygiene practice. \u0000Results: The mean age (±SD) of the study participants and menarche were 15.04 ±1.10 years and 12.86 ±0.96 years. About 43.7% used sanitary pad to absorb their menstrual bleeding, 65.8% disposed the used absorbent in dustbin, 41.1% took daily bath and 40% changed their absorbent three or more times during menstruation. Overall, 62.1% of them had good level of menstrual hygiene practices. Good menstrual hygiene practice was significantly associated with increase in age (AOR: 1.186, 95% CI: 0.540-2.603) living in nuclear family (AOR: 1.664, 95% CI: 0.884-3.281) up in grade (AOR: 2.688, 95% CI: 1.216-5.940) having regular menstruation one year and more(AOR:1.763, 95% CI: 0.838-3.711) and availability of water inside the toilet (AOR:1.226, 95% CI: 0.533-2.820). \u0000Conclusion: Considerable percentages of adolescent girls in the public schools have poor menstrual hygiene practice. Therefore, provision of appropriate school health programs and basic sustainable sanitation is needed to enhance menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78764522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suraj Bhushal, B. Choulagai, Rakshya Niroula, Ambika Thapa Pachya
Introduction: Vehicle drivers are most significant stakeholder in any road traffic accident (RTAs). This study aims to assess their knowledge related to traffic signs and attitude towards safe driving practices and to identify self-reported risky driving behaviors, their encounter of RTAs, and associated factors. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in Kathmandu valley. 14 prime spots were randomly selected and time location sampling was done. A face-to-face interview was done with public vehicle drivers using structured questionnaire. We analyzed the association using logistic regression. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institute of Medicine. Informed written consent was taken from the participants. Results: Of 411 drivers, mean age was 31.8 (±8.2) years. All participants were male of which 71.0% lived in a joint family. More than half had less than 10 year experience and 20% of them were driving 12-18 hours per day. Half of them had good knowledge on traffic signs while nearly one tenth had non-supportive attitude towards safe driving practices. Prevalence of at least one risky driving behavior was 68%, however, only a few cases fined by traffic. Self-reported encounters of RTA were 21.7%; of these, 22.2% also had human injuries. Experiences of driving less than 10 years and living in a nuclear family were significantly associated with risky driving. Moreover, age of public vehicle drivers less than 25 years, living in nuclear family and continuing driving while fatigue were also significantly associated with RTAs. Conclusion: Only half of drivers had good knowledge on traffic signs. Risky driving behavior present in about seven among ten public vehicle drivers and two among ten encountering RTAs. We recommend interventions targeted to change behavior among drivers to reduce risky driving behaviors, to increase age bar for permitting driving license for public vehicles and not continuing driving while fatigue to reduce RTAs.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Driving Behavior and Road Traffic Accidents among Public Vehicle Drivers in Kathmandu Valley: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Suraj Bhushal, B. Choulagai, Rakshya Niroula, Ambika Thapa Pachya","doi":"10.37107/jhas.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.331","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vehicle drivers are most significant stakeholder in any road traffic accident (RTAs). This study aims to assess their knowledge related to traffic signs and attitude towards safe driving practices and to identify self-reported risky driving behaviors, their encounter of RTAs, and associated factors. \u0000Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in Kathmandu valley. 14 prime spots were randomly selected and time location sampling was done. A face-to-face interview was done with public vehicle drivers using structured questionnaire. We analyzed the association using logistic regression. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institute of Medicine. Informed written consent was taken from the participants. \u0000Results: Of 411 drivers, mean age was 31.8 (±8.2) years. All participants were male of which 71.0% lived in a joint family. More than half had less than 10 year experience and 20% of them were driving 12-18 hours per day. Half of them had good knowledge on traffic signs while nearly one tenth had non-supportive attitude towards safe driving practices. Prevalence of at least one risky driving behavior was 68%, however, only a few cases fined by traffic. Self-reported encounters of RTA were 21.7%; of these, 22.2% also had human injuries. Experiences of driving less than 10 years and living in a nuclear family were significantly associated with risky driving. Moreover, age of public vehicle drivers less than 25 years, living in nuclear family and continuing driving while fatigue were also significantly associated with RTAs. \u0000Conclusion: Only half of drivers had good knowledge on traffic signs. Risky driving behavior present in about seven among ten public vehicle drivers and two among ten encountering RTAs. We recommend interventions targeted to change behavior among drivers to reduce risky driving behaviors, to increase age bar for permitting driving license for public vehicles and not continuing driving while fatigue to reduce RTAs.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79414466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: A pregnancy that lasts beyond the expected date of delivery is called as postdates pregnancy. Postdates pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of fetal, neonatal mortality and morbidity as well as an increased maternal morbidity. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 196 uncomplicated postdates pregnancies in two tertiary care centers i.e. Manipal Teaching Hospital and Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal. The aim of the study was to assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in uncomplicated postdates pregnancy. The data was collected by using structured interview schedule and entered in MS excel with validated command and analyzed with SPSS version 16. Results: In the study, out of 196 postdates pregnancies, 30.6 % of the mothers had undergone caeserean section 3.06 had an instrumental delivery and 1.5% had traumatic delivery. Further 5.61 % of the mothers had postpartum hemorrhage. A total 3.8 % of the neonates were admitted to the NICU and 1.5 % of the neonates were resuscitated. Conclusion: The study concluded that postdates pregnancy was associated with perinatal complications like postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), an increase in incidence of caesarean section and admission of neonates to NICU. Careful advice and monitoring can alleviate maternal and fetal untoward complications.
导读:超过预产期的妊娠称为延期妊娠。晚孕与胎儿、新生儿死亡率和发病率风险增加以及孕产妇发病率增加有关。方法:对尼泊尔博卡拉马尼帕尔教学医院和甘达基医学院两所三级医疗中心196例无并发症的产后妊娠进行横断面研究。本研究的目的是评估无并发症的晚期妊娠的母胎结局。采用结构化访谈时间表收集数据，并使用经过验证的命令在MS excel中输入数据，并使用SPSS version 16进行分析。结果:本组196例晚期妊娠中，30.6%的产妇行剖宫产，3.06例产妇行器械分娩，1.5%产妇为外伤性分娩。5.61%的产妇发生产后出血。共有3.8%的新生儿入住新生儿重症监护病房，1.5%的新生儿复苏。结论:晚孕与产后出血(PPH)、剖宫产率增加、新生儿入住NICU等围产儿并发症相关。仔细的建议和监测可以减轻产妇和胎儿的不良并发症。
{"title":"Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Uncomplicated Postdated Pregnancy","authors":"Pooja Bhandari, Sunita Sharma, Dr Ashim Subedi","doi":"10.37107/jhas.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.308","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A pregnancy that lasts beyond the expected date of delivery is called as postdates pregnancy. Postdates pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of fetal, neonatal mortality and morbidity as well as an increased maternal morbidity. \u0000Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 196 uncomplicated postdates pregnancies in two tertiary care centers i.e. Manipal Teaching Hospital and Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal. The aim of the study was to assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in uncomplicated postdates pregnancy. The data was collected by using structured interview schedule and entered in MS excel with validated command and analyzed with SPSS version 16. \u0000Results: In the study, out of 196 postdates pregnancies, 30.6 % of the mothers had undergone caeserean section 3.06 had an instrumental delivery and 1.5% had traumatic delivery. Further 5.61 % of the mothers had postpartum hemorrhage. A total 3.8 % of the neonates were admitted to the NICU and 1.5 % of the neonates were resuscitated. \u0000Conclusion: The study concluded that postdates pregnancy was associated with perinatal complications like postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), an increase in incidence of caesarean section and admission of neonates to NICU. Careful advice and monitoring can alleviate maternal and fetal untoward complications.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88503825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pabina Subedi, S. Sapkota, Ritu Ghimire, S. Poudel
Introduction: Antenatal care service (ANC) is most important to reduce complication during pregnancy. However, satisfaction is needed during ANCs visits for the continuation of the health services and improvement in the quality of the health care in the Primary Health Care Centre (PHCC).The objective of this study was to assess pregnant women in PHCC. Methods: A cross sectional study was done in PHCC of Nawalparasi through face to face interview technique with structured interview schedule to collect the data.Total of 101 pregnant mothers were selected for the study. Consecutive sampling technique was used for sampling.The collected data was entered in Epidata and analysed in SPSS version 16. Results: Findings of the study indicated most 99 percent of the respondents were satisfied with antenatal care among the age group of 15- 49 years. Most 99 percent of the respondents were satisfied with service expectation and only 87.1 percent were satisfied with availability of health services. Conclusion: The study concluded that satisfaction among pregnant women on ANC is very high in PHCC. Still there is need for the conduction of different maternal health programs to enhance maternal and child health as well as provide free maternal health services to remove financial barriers.
前言:产前保健服务(ANC)是减少妊娠并发症最重要的。但是，在初级保健中心(PHCC)的保健服务的继续和保健质量的提高，需要在非国家保健人员访问期间感到满意。本研究的目的是评估PHCC孕妇。方法:采用面对面访谈法，采用结构化访谈时间表，对纳瓦尔寄生蜂PHCC进行横断面研究。共有101名孕妇被选为研究对象。采用连续抽样技术进行抽样。将收集到的数据输入Epidata，并在SPSS version 16中进行分析。结果:研究结果表明，在15- 49岁年龄组中，99%的受访者对产前保健感到满意。99%的答复者对服务期望感到满意，只有87.1%的答复者对保健服务的可得性感到满意。结论:PHCC孕妇对ANC的满意度较高。但仍有必要实施不同的孕产妇保健方案，以加强孕产妇和儿童的健康，并提供免费的孕产妇保健服务，以消除经济障碍。
{"title":"Satisfaction on Antenatal Care among Pregnant Women in a Primary Health Care Centre","authors":"Pabina Subedi, S. Sapkota, Ritu Ghimire, S. Poudel","doi":"10.37107/jhas.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.266","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Antenatal care service (ANC) is most important to reduce complication during pregnancy. However, satisfaction is needed during ANCs visits for the continuation of the health services and improvement in the quality of the health care in the Primary Health Care Centre (PHCC).The objective of this study was to assess pregnant women in PHCC. Methods: A cross sectional study was done in PHCC of Nawalparasi through face to face interview technique with structured interview schedule to collect the data.Total of 101 pregnant mothers were selected for the study. Consecutive sampling technique was used for sampling.The collected data was entered in Epidata and analysed in SPSS version 16. Results: Findings of the study indicated most 99 percent of the respondents were satisfied with antenatal care among the age group of 15- 49 years. Most 99 percent of the respondents were satisfied with service expectation and only 87.1 percent were satisfied with availability of health services. Conclusion: The study concluded that satisfaction among pregnant women on ANC is very high in PHCC. Still there is need for the conduction of different maternal health programs to enhance maternal and child health as well as provide free maternal health services to remove financial barriers.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72972543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Nepal has a low health service utilization among the people where ten percent of people face the burden of catastrophic health expenditure and spends more than 10.71% of the total household on health facilities. To reduce Out-of-Pocket expenditure (OOPE) and to improve the access and utilization of health services, Social Health Insurance Program could be a vital health financing mechanism. Objectives: This study aims to assess the status of health service utilization and percent of household expenditure of respondents (OOPE) insured through the Social Health Insurance Program in Kaski district. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 210 sampled people of Kaski district who were enrolled in National Social Health Insurance. The study was conducted from June to December 2018 to assess the level of health service utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure among the insured population. Results: Out of 210 participants enrolled in the Social Health Insurance program, four-fifth (80.5%) participants had utilized the services. Out-of-pocket expenditure for healthcare was 69 percent despite being insured through SHI. There was no statistical relationship observed between socio-demographic characteristics and health service utilization. However, socio-demographic variables such as sex, types of family, number of elderly members in the family were significantly associated with out-of-pocket expenditure among participants. Conclusion: Majority of participants had utilized health services after buying SHI. Out-of-pocket expenditures have been decreased in the treatment and diagnosis of the diseases but not in medicine cost. There is a need for further study with larger sample size and population coverage to have a better understanding of the effectiveness and effect of the Social Health Insurance Program over Health Service Utilization and Out-of-Pocket expenditure.
{"title":"Health Service Utilization and Out-of-Pocket Expenditure among the Social Health Insurance Policy Holders in Kaski District, Nepal","authors":"Rameshwor Baral, A. Koirala","doi":"10.37107/jhas.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.267","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nepal has a low health service utilization among the people where ten percent of people face the burden of catastrophic health expenditure and spends more than 10.71% of the total household on health facilities. To reduce Out-of-Pocket expenditure (OOPE) and to improve the access and utilization of health services, Social Health Insurance Program could be a vital health financing mechanism. Objectives: This study aims to assess the status of health service utilization and percent of household expenditure of respondents (OOPE) insured through the Social Health Insurance Program in Kaski district. \u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 210 sampled people of Kaski district who were enrolled in National Social Health Insurance. The study was conducted from June to December 2018 to assess the level of health service utilization and out-of-pocket expenditure among the insured population. \u0000Results: Out of 210 participants enrolled in the Social Health Insurance program, four-fifth (80.5%) participants had utilized the services. Out-of-pocket expenditure for healthcare was 69 percent despite being insured through SHI. There was no statistical relationship observed between socio-demographic characteristics and health service utilization. However, socio-demographic variables such as sex, types of family, number of elderly members in the family were significantly associated with out-of-pocket expenditure among participants. \u0000Conclusion: Majority of participants had utilized health services after buying SHI. Out-of-pocket expenditures have been decreased in the treatment and diagnosis of the diseases but not in medicine cost. There is a need for further study with larger sample size and population coverage to have a better understanding of the effectiveness and effect of the Social Health Insurance Program over Health Service Utilization and Out-of-Pocket expenditure.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73576188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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