Respiratory health problems affect the respiratory tract and lungs. WHO states that four major potentially fatal respiratory problems will account for about one in five deaths worldwide by 2030. Taxi drivers are among the major sub-population at the risk of respiratory problems because of their exposure to polluted environment. Therefore, the present study aimed to find out the respiratory health problems among the taxi drivers of Pokhara metropolitan city of Nepal. A cross sectional study was conducted among 203 taxi drivers of the Pokhara Metropolitan city. Multistage sampling method was used to select the desired number of taxi drivers. Data were entered into EPI-DATA 3.1 and then analyzed in SPSS 20. Percentage, mean, and standard deviation were assessed to describe, and chi square test was used to infer the findings. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council. All samples were male with mean age of 38.46 ± 7.8 years. Majority of the taxi drivers were educated up to secondary level (54.2%), married (91.6%), were married and 78.8 percent had income of NRs 1000-1500/day. A large proportion of the drivers (96.6%) had to work for more than 10 hours/day and three-quarters (74.4%) of them did not take rest even in weekends. Nearly a quarter (24.1%) of them complained at least one respiratory health problem or symptom. Prevalence of respiratory health problems among the taxi drivers was 24.1 percent. Job duration was significantly associated with the respiratory symptoms. Key words : Respiratory problem, preventive practice, taxi driver
{"title":"Respiratory Health Problem among the Taxi Drivers of Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal","authors":"S. Gautam, K. Jnawali","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.12","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory health problems affect the respiratory tract and lungs. WHO states that four major potentially fatal respiratory problems will account for about one in five deaths worldwide by 2030. Taxi drivers are among the major sub-population at the risk of respiratory problems because of their exposure to polluted environment. Therefore, the present study aimed to find out the respiratory health problems among the taxi drivers of Pokhara metropolitan city of Nepal. A cross sectional study was conducted among 203 taxi drivers of the Pokhara Metropolitan city. Multistage sampling method was used to select the desired number of taxi drivers. Data were entered into EPI-DATA 3.1 and then analyzed in SPSS 20. Percentage, mean, and standard deviation were assessed to describe, and chi square test was used to infer the findings. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council. All samples were male with mean age of 38.46 ± 7.8 years. Majority of the taxi drivers were educated up to secondary level (54.2%), married (91.6%), were married and 78.8 percent had income of NRs 1000-1500/day. A large proportion of the drivers (96.6%) had to work for more than 10 hours/day and three-quarters (74.4%) of them did not take rest even in weekends. Nearly a quarter (24.1%) of them complained at least one respiratory health problem or symptom. Prevalence of respiratory health problems among the taxi drivers was 24.1 percent. Job duration was significantly associated with the respiratory symptoms. \u0000 Key words : Respiratory problem, preventive practice, taxi driver","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89261955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide. It is contributing significantly to deaths and disability. Every year, numbers of cases of renal failure requiring hemodialysis are also increasing. Government of Nepal has made a provision to support the patients undergoing hemodialysis; nevertheless, the patient has to bear the huge financial and psychological burden for dialysis. This study was carried out to study the expenditure made by the patients for dialysis in the Pokhara Metropolitan City Nepal. This was an institution based cross sectional descriptive study. A total of 157 patients who had dialysis or undergoing dialysis at different hospitals of Pokhara Metropolitan City were interviewed using structured interview guideline. Expenditure records of patients were also reviewed. The study was carried out during August to October, 2018. Results are presented in table and diagrams aided by statistical tests like mean, median, standard deviations and ranges. Majority of the patients were male (61.8%). Mean age of the patients under hemodialysis was 49.75±14.91 years. Majorities were Janajati (53.5) and most of them were unemployed (78.3%). Total expenditure made for hemodialysis was NRs. 32,810 (US$ 289.87). The median monthly out of pocket expenditure for haemodialysis per patients was Nepalese Rupees (NRs) 32,810 (US$ 289.87) in which median monthly indirect cost of hemodialysis was NRs 9,200 (US$ 81.28) and median direct cost of hemodialysis per month was NRs 23610 (US$ 208.59). A great majority (78%) of the respondents faced catastrophic health expenditure for dialysis. Patients with renal failure requiring dialysis faced catastrophic health expenditure. The government should focus on programs supporting for dialysis and pay attention on the preventive measures for occurrence of kidney diseases. Key words : Hemodialysis, Expenditure, Patient
{"title":"Expenditure for Hemodialysis: A Study among Patient Attending at Hospitals of Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal","authors":"N. Thapa, B. Sharma, K. Jnawali","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.9","url":null,"abstract":"Incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide. It is contributing significantly to deaths and disability. Every year, numbers of cases of renal failure requiring hemodialysis are also increasing. Government of Nepal has made a provision to support the patients undergoing hemodialysis; nevertheless, the patient has to bear the huge financial and psychological burden for dialysis. This study was carried out to study the expenditure made by the patients for dialysis in the Pokhara Metropolitan City Nepal. This was an institution based cross sectional descriptive study. A total of 157 patients who had dialysis or undergoing dialysis at different hospitals of Pokhara Metropolitan City were interviewed using structured interview guideline. Expenditure records of patients were also reviewed. The study was carried out during August to October, 2018. Results are presented in table and diagrams aided by statistical tests like mean, median, standard deviations and ranges. Majority of the patients were male (61.8%). Mean age of the patients under hemodialysis was 49.75±14.91 years. Majorities were Janajati (53.5) and most of them were unemployed (78.3%). Total expenditure made for hemodialysis was NRs. 32,810 (US$ 289.87). The median monthly out of pocket expenditure for haemodialysis per patients was Nepalese Rupees (NRs) 32,810 (US$ 289.87) in which median monthly indirect cost of hemodialysis was NRs 9,200 (US$ 81.28) and median direct cost of hemodialysis per month was NRs 23610 (US$ 208.59). A great majority (78%) of the respondents faced catastrophic health expenditure for dialysis. Patients with renal failure requiring dialysis faced catastrophic health expenditure. The government should focus on programs supporting for dialysis and pay attention on the preventive measures for occurrence of kidney diseases. \u0000Key words : Hemodialysis, Expenditure, Patient","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85432099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food security exists when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Similarly food insecurity at household level refers to the inability of the household to secure adequate food for meeting the dietary needs of its members. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with food security from rural community of Parbat district. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 participants of 21 wards from seven different Village Development Committee of Parbat district. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data were collected through face to face interview using the Nepalese version of Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Ethical approval was taken from Nepal Health Research Council. Bivariate analysis was done to identify the associated factors of food security. The study revealed that more than half of the households were food insecure. There for ecommunity based food security program is recommended to improve the food security condition of the rural communities of Parbat district. The key factors associated with food security were: availability and accessibility factors as: land availability, amount of land,irrigation unavailability and allocation of money not enough for food. Sustainable agriculture production through the promotion of technologies to enhance crop by proper water management in the land and alternative solutions as provision of livestock farming to those who have less land are recommended. Key words: Food insecurity, availability, accessibility, rural areas
{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Food Security from Rural Community of Parbat District","authors":"Bijay Parajuli, D. Yadav, Narayan Tripathi","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.6","url":null,"abstract":"Food security exists when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Similarly food insecurity at household level refers to the inability of the household to secure adequate food for meeting the dietary needs of its members. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with food security from rural community of Parbat district. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 participants of 21 wards from seven different Village Development Committee of Parbat district. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data were collected through face to face interview using the Nepalese version of Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Ethical approval was taken from Nepal Health Research Council. Bivariate analysis was done to identify the associated factors of food security. The study revealed that more than half of the households were food insecure. There for ecommunity based food security program is recommended to improve the food security condition of the rural communities of Parbat district. The key factors associated with food security were: availability and accessibility factors as: land availability, amount of land,irrigation unavailability and allocation of money not enough for food. Sustainable agriculture production through the promotion of technologies to enhance crop by proper water management in the land and alternative solutions as provision of livestock farming to those who have less land are recommended. \u0000Key words: Food insecurity, availability, accessibility, rural areas","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75921787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic mellitus is the most common non-communicable disease as well as lifestyle disease which require a multipronged approach for its management, wherein patient has an important role to play in terms of self-care practices. So self-care of diabetes is essential for to control of disease and improvement of quality of patient’s life. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding on diabetes care among diabetes patient. This is a cross sectional descriptive study. It included sixty respondents who were diagnosed as diabetes mellitus attending in Medical ward, Medical OPD and Surgical OPD,Western Regional Hospital. Respondents were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire. The data was collected using non probabilitypurposive sampling technique and analyzed using SPSS 16. The patients’ knowledge about the disease and their diabetes care were the main outcome measures. In this study, patients’ knowledge about diabetes care was satisfactory. More than half (56.7%) of respondents were between 40-60 years age group followed by more than half (51.7%) of female respondents. Majority (73.3%) of the respondents reside in urban area. Less than half (42.6%) of respondents have received primary education. More than half (53.3%) of the respondents had suffered from diabetes duration of 1-3 years. More than half (53.3%) of respondent had no family history of diabetes. Majority (76.7%) of respondents thought that diabetes is controllable disease less than half (35%) of respondents thought that diabetes may cause complication. Most (90%) of respondents received information about diabetes care from health worker/ institution. Knowledge regarding diabetic diet, exercise, oral health, eye care, foot care and blood sugar monitoring of respondents were 61.7%, 15%, 21.7%, 50%, 25%, and 31.7% respectively. The finding revealed that diabetic patent had a satisfactory knowledge on diabetes care. It indicates need of giving proper knowledge to diabetes patients by education. Key words : diabetes, diabetes care, knowledge
{"title":"Knowledge Regarding Diabetic Care among Diabetic Patient","authors":"S. Lamichhane","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.3","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic mellitus is the most common non-communicable disease as well as lifestyle disease which require a multipronged approach for its management, wherein patient has an important role to play in terms of self-care practices. So self-care of diabetes is essential for to control of disease and improvement of quality of patient’s life. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding on diabetes care among diabetes patient. This is a cross sectional descriptive study. It included sixty respondents who were diagnosed as diabetes mellitus attending in Medical ward, Medical OPD and Surgical OPD,Western Regional Hospital. Respondents were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire. The data was collected using non probabilitypurposive sampling technique and analyzed using SPSS 16. The patients’ knowledge about the disease and their diabetes care were the main outcome measures. In this study, patients’ knowledge about diabetes care was satisfactory. More than half (56.7%) of respondents were between 40-60 years age group followed by more than half (51.7%) of female respondents. Majority (73.3%) of the respondents reside in urban area. Less than half (42.6%) of respondents have received primary education. More than half (53.3%) of the respondents had suffered from diabetes duration of 1-3 years. More than half (53.3%) of respondent had no family history of diabetes. Majority (76.7%) of respondents thought that diabetes is controllable disease less than half (35%) of respondents thought that diabetes may cause complication. Most (90%) of respondents received information about diabetes care from health worker/ institution. Knowledge regarding diabetic diet, exercise, oral health, eye care, foot care and blood sugar monitoring of respondents were 61.7%, 15%, 21.7%, 50%, 25%, and 31.7% respectively. The finding revealed that diabetic patent had a satisfactory knowledge on diabetes care. It indicates need of giving proper knowledge to diabetes patients by education. \u0000 Key words : diabetes, diabetes care, knowledge","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88721695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Close to half a million new cases are diagnosed each year and over 2.5 lakhs of women die due to cervical cancer annually. Current estimates indicate that every year 2332 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 1367 die from the disease. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst the gynecological cancers worldwide. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to assess the awareness and practice of cervical cancer screening among the married women of Syangja district. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select the total 207 representative sample. Data was collected by using semi structured interview schedules and collected data were entered in Ms-Exel and analyzed using SPSS. The study result showed that majority 96% of the respondents had poor awareness and whereas none of the respondents had good awareness regarding the cervical cancer and its screening tests. The highest awareness was in the area of cervical cancer screening with mean percentage 61.11% whereas the least awareness was in the area of general aspects of cervical cancer with mean percentage 41.55%. Regarding practice of cervical cancer screening test 25.6% had performed it within 5 years, among them 50.93% of the respondents had undergone pap smear test. There was no association exists between the selected demographic variables and the level of awareness. Similarly there was no correlation exists between the level of awareness on cervical cancer and practice of cervical cancer screening. Majority of the women had poor awareness regarding the cervical cancer screening tests and significantly low practice of cervical cancer screening test. Key words: Awareness, Practice, Cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening
{"title":"Awareness and Practice of Cervical Cancer and it's Screening Among Married Women of Syangja, Nepal","authors":"M. Chhetri, Rojana Dhakal","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.14","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Close to half a million new cases are diagnosed each year and over 2.5 lakhs of women die due to cervical cancer annually. Current estimates indicate that every year 2332 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 1367 die from the disease. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst the gynecological cancers worldwide. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to assess the awareness and practice of cervical cancer screening among the married women of Syangja district. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select the total 207 representative sample. Data was collected by using semi structured interview schedules and collected data were entered in Ms-Exel and analyzed using SPSS. The study result showed that majority 96% of the respondents had poor awareness and whereas none of the respondents had good awareness regarding the cervical cancer and its screening tests. The highest awareness was in the area of cervical cancer screening with mean percentage 61.11% whereas the least awareness was in the area of general aspects of cervical cancer with mean percentage 41.55%. Regarding practice of cervical cancer screening test 25.6% had performed it within 5 years, among them 50.93% of the respondents had undergone pap smear test. There was no association exists between the selected demographic variables and the level of awareness. Similarly there was no correlation exists between the level of awareness on cervical cancer and practice of cervical cancer screening. Majority of the women had poor awareness regarding the cervical cancer screening tests and significantly low practice of cervical cancer screening test. \u0000 Key words: Awareness, Practice, Cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73332483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World Health Organization defined adolescent as the population of 10-19 years of age. Inadequate food consumption patterns during adolescence are linked not only with the occurrence of obesity in youth, but also with the subsequent risk of developing diseases such as cancer, obesity and cardiovascular disease in adulthood and later in life. This study aims to assess the food consumption practice and nutritional status among adolescent girls. Cross-sectional study design was used to determine the food consumption practice and nutritional status among adolescent girls. Simple random sampling method was used in this study. Interview schedule, Bathroom Scale and Stature meter were used to collect the data from adolescent girls. Anthropometric measurements of all participants were taken and the questionnaire was filled up. Data were entered in EPIDATA 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. In this study, majority (63.1 per cent) of participants did not consume sufficient calorie. Mean ± SD of calorie intake was 2009.97± 342.366 Kcal. In same way, 27.4 per cent, 64.6 per cent, 8.0 per cent of the participants were underweight, normal and overweight respectively. Mean ± SD of BMI was 20.46±2.99 kg/m2 . Underweight was high in private schools and overweight was high in Public schools. Family monthly income and religion were associated with calorie intake and fruits consumption per week was associated with nutritional status of participants. This study concluded that around two-third of participants consumed insufficient amount calorie. It has been found that majority of the participants did not consume sufficient amount of foods from different groups like: body building and protective food as per required. Participants who consumed fruits more than 4 days per week were 2.5 times more likely to be normal (OR 2.500; 95%CI 1.194-5.233; P=0.013). So, information should be given about the balanced diet to them. Key words: Food consumption practice, Nutritional status, Adolescent girls, Urban areas
世界卫生组织将青少年定义为10-19岁的人口。青少年时期不适当的食物消费模式不仅与青少年肥胖的发生有关，而且还与随后在成年期和以后罹患癌症、肥胖和心血管疾病等疾病的风险有关。本研究旨在了解青春期少女的食物消费习惯及营养状况。采用横断面研究设计确定青春期少女的食物消费习惯和营养状况。本研究采用简单随机抽样方法。采用访谈表、浴室秤和身高计对青春期少女进行问卷调查。所有参与者都进行了人体测量，并填写了问卷。数据在EPIDATA 3.1中录入，使用SPSS version 20进行分析。在这项研究中，大多数(63.1%)的参与者没有摄入足够的卡路里。卡路里摄入量的平均±标准差为2009.97±342.366千卡，同样，27.4%、64.6%、8.0%的参与者体重过轻、正常和超重。BMI平均值±SD为20.46±2.99 kg/m2。私立学校中体重不足的比例很高，而公立学校中体重过重的比例很高。家庭月收入和宗教信仰与卡路里摄入量有关，每周水果消费量与参与者的营养状况有关。这项研究得出的结论是，大约三分之二的参与者摄入的卡路里不足。研究发现，大多数参与者没有按要求摄入足够量的食物，如:健美食物和保护食物。每周吃水果超过4天的参与者是正常人的2.5倍(OR 2500;95%可信区间1.194 - -5.233;P = 0.013)。因此，应该向他们提供有关均衡饮食的信息。关键词:食物消费习惯;营养状况;青春期少女
{"title":"Food Consumption Practice and Nutritional Status of Adolescent Girls from Urban areas of Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"Sumita Subedi, D. Yadav","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.17","url":null,"abstract":"World Health Organization defined adolescent as the population of 10-19 years of age. Inadequate food consumption patterns during adolescence are linked not only with the occurrence of obesity in youth, but also with the subsequent risk of developing diseases such as cancer, obesity and cardiovascular disease in adulthood and later in life. This study aims to assess the food consumption practice and nutritional status among adolescent girls. Cross-sectional study design was used to determine the food consumption practice and nutritional status among adolescent girls. Simple random sampling method was used in this study. Interview schedule, Bathroom Scale and Stature meter were used to collect the data from adolescent girls. Anthropometric measurements of all participants were taken and the questionnaire was filled up. Data were entered in EPIDATA 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. In this study, majority (63.1 per cent) of participants did not consume sufficient calorie. Mean ± SD of calorie intake was 2009.97± 342.366 Kcal. In same way, 27.4 per cent, 64.6 per cent, 8.0 per cent of the participants were underweight, normal and overweight respectively. Mean ± SD of BMI was 20.46±2.99 kg/m2 . Underweight was high in private schools and overweight was high in Public schools. Family monthly income and religion were associated with calorie intake and fruits consumption per week was associated with nutritional status of participants. This study concluded that around two-third of participants consumed insufficient amount calorie. It has been found that majority of the participants did not consume sufficient amount of foods from different groups like: body building and protective food as per required. Participants who consumed fruits more than 4 days per week were 2.5 times more likely to be normal (OR 2.500; 95%CI 1.194-5.233; P=0.013). So, information should be given about the balanced diet to them. \u0000 Key words: Food consumption practice, Nutritional status, Adolescent girls, Urban areas","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77961632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exclusive breastfeeding means infant receives only breast milk and nothing else except for oral rehydration solution (ORS), medicines, vitamins and minerals for first six months of age. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in our society is low and various underlying factors are responsible. The main aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding practice among the mothers of infant in Pokhara. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 101 breastfeeding mothers having infant up to six months in the immunization clinics held in ward no. 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of Pokhara-Lekhnath metropolitan. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. Researcher developed questionnaire were administered to the mothers and data collected. The data were analyzed with Chi square test using SPSS 20 software. The findings revealed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice among the mothers of infant below six months old was 49.5 percent. The factors such as mode of delivery (p<0.001), pre lacteal feeding (p<0.001), time of initiation of breastfeeding (p<0.001) and breast problems experience (p= 0.004) were found associated with the exclusive breastfeeding. It concludes that factors such as mode of delivery, pre lacteal feeding, time of initiation of breastfeeding and breast problems experience were found associated with EBF practice. Low birth weight of infants and higher education status of mothers did not influence on EBF. There is a need to provide information on prevention of breast related problems among the breastfeeding mothers for the promotion of EBF practice. Key words: Exclusive breastfeeding, Infant, Mothers
{"title":"Factors Influencing Exclusive Breast Feeding Practice among the Mothers of Infants in Pokhara","authors":"B. Joshi, Arati Timilsina","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.15","url":null,"abstract":"Exclusive breastfeeding means infant receives only breast milk and nothing else except for oral rehydration solution (ORS), medicines, vitamins and minerals for first six months of age. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in our society is low and various underlying factors are responsible. The main aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding practice among the mothers of infant in Pokhara. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 101 breastfeeding mothers having infant up to six months in the immunization clinics held in ward no. 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of Pokhara-Lekhnath metropolitan. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. Researcher developed questionnaire were administered to the mothers and data collected. The data were analyzed with Chi square test using SPSS 20 software. The findings revealed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice among the mothers of infant below six months old was 49.5 percent. The factors such as mode of delivery (p<0.001), pre lacteal feeding (p<0.001), time of initiation of breastfeeding (p<0.001) and breast problems experience (p= 0.004) were found associated with the exclusive breastfeeding. It concludes that factors such as mode of delivery, pre lacteal feeding, time of initiation of breastfeeding and breast problems experience were found associated with EBF practice. Low birth weight of infants and higher education status of mothers did not influence on EBF. There is a need to provide information on prevention of breast related problems among the breastfeeding mothers for the promotion of EBF practice. \u0000 Key words: Exclusive breastfeeding, Infant, Mothers","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79922877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months followed by complementary feeding along with breastfeeding is crucial for proper growth and development of a child. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the feeding practice of mothers having the children 6-23 months in Kaski district and to correlate the relationship between complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of children 6-23 months. A community-based cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 453 mothers having the children 6-23 months, applying cluster sampling technique and using the structured questionnaire, salter scale weighing machine, stadiometer and sakir tape were used as research tools. From all respondents 67% started complementary feeding at 6-8 months of age. The practices of minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet were 93.8%, 45.9% and 42.4% among mothers of 6–23 months aged children, respectively. More than half of children have worst feeding practices. Types of family, mother’s education, father’s education, mother’s occupation were significantly associated with feeding practices. In term of nutritional status, 62.26% of children were stunted, 7.3% of children were underweight and 3.4% of children were wasted. Feeding practices were significantly associated with children nutritional status based on wasting and mid upper arm circumference. Overall in Kaski district, it was found that majority of mother had poor feeding practices which contribute to the under nutrition. Nutrition messages on Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices (IYCF) should emphasis dietary diversity and frequency of feeding for all the children. Keywords: Associated factors, Children, Feeding practices, Nutritional status
{"title":"Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months followed by complementary feeding along with breastfeeding is crucial for proper growth and development of a child. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the feeding practice of mothers ha","authors":"Dipika Khatri, N. Shrestha","doi":"10.37107/jhas.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.27","url":null,"abstract":"Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months followed by complementary feeding along with breastfeeding is crucial for proper growth and development of a child. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the feeding practice of mothers having the children 6-23 months in Kaski district and to correlate the relationship between complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of children 6-23 months. A community-based cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 453 mothers having the children 6-23 months, applying cluster sampling technique and using the structured questionnaire, salter scale weighing machine, stadiometer and sakir tape were used as research tools. From all respondents 67% started complementary feeding at 6-8 months of age. The practices of minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet were 93.8%, 45.9% and 42.4% among mothers of 6–23 months aged children, respectively. More than half of children have worst feeding practices. Types of family, mother’s education, father’s education, mother’s occupation were significantly associated with feeding practices. In term of nutritional status, 62.26% of children were stunted, 7.3% of children were underweight and 3.4% of children were wasted. Feeding practices were significantly associated with children nutritional status based on wasting and mid upper arm circumference. Overall in Kaski district, it was found that majority of mother had poor feeding practices which contribute to the under nutrition. Nutrition messages on Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices (IYCF) should emphasis dietary diversity and frequency of feeding for all the children. \u0000Keywords: Associated factors, Children, Feeding practices, Nutritional status","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84506162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) of HIV is important intervention for the prevention of HIV infection. Aim of this study was to find out HIV status and high risk behavior of men having sex with men. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among men having sex with men (MSM) by administering structured questionnaires. The number of risk factors in a single individual ranged from one to seven out of eight. The mean risk factor was 3.38, with standard deviation 1.3. More than half (55.33%) of them perceived at low risk, 33% perceived themselves at high risk. Regarding HIV status of respondents, 8% were found to be positive. In the past 30 days the respondents had large number of sex partners; majorities of them 90% and 87.3% had 0-20 regular and casual sex partners but 9.8% of MSM had 21-40 regular sex partners and 2.9% had 81-100 casual sex partners respectively. Among the MSM 46.6% were commercial sex worker, 35% were sex drives and 18.4% were intravenous drug user. Majority of them (59.8%) always used condom but 21.56% used sometime only. Some respondents (3.9%) had sign of STIs and 5.8 % had accident of needle injured. There are higher chances for transmission of HIV and other STDS among MSM. The role of VCT centre should be strengthen to awareness raising, isolate HIV positive cases treat them with antiretroviral drugs and counseling them to behavior change. Key words: HIV, MSM, Risk factor
{"title":"HIV Status and High Risk Behavior of Men having Sex with Men","authors":"C. P. Bhatt, Medha Sharma","doi":"10.37107/jhas.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.43","url":null,"abstract":"Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) of HIV is important intervention for the prevention of HIV infection. Aim of this study was to find out HIV status and high risk behavior of men having sex with men. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among men having sex with men (MSM) by administering structured questionnaires. The number of risk factors in a single individual ranged from one to seven out of eight. The mean risk factor was 3.38, with standard deviation 1.3. More than half (55.33%) of them perceived at low risk, 33% perceived themselves at high risk. Regarding HIV status of respondents, 8% were found to be positive. In the past 30 days the respondents had large number of sex partners; majorities of them 90% and 87.3% had 0-20 regular and casual sex partners but 9.8% of MSM had 21-40 regular sex partners and 2.9% had 81-100 casual sex partners respectively. Among the MSM 46.6% were commercial sex worker, 35% were sex drives and 18.4% were intravenous drug user. Majority of them (59.8%) always used condom but 21.56% used sometime only. Some respondents (3.9%) had sign of STIs and 5.8 % had accident of needle injured. There are higher chances for transmission of HIV and other STDS among MSM. The role of VCT centre should be strengthen to awareness raising, isolate HIV positive cases treat them with antiretroviral drugs and counseling them to behavior change. \u0000 Key words: HIV, MSM, Risk factor","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76995162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anxiety is a common mental disorder (CMD) and it affects all the age groups including children and adolescents. Various scales and tools are available to screen and diagnose anxieties. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a reliable tool recommended for 12- 80 years to screen panic to geriatric anxiety. It is also applied and validated among Nepalese adults for Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD). This study was aimed to apply and validate the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) against school adolescents in Nepal. BAI is a 21-item self-reported scale having four-point Likert scale from “0” (Not at all) through “3” (Severely-I could barely stand it). The tool was translated into Nepali and back-translated into English and several iterations were done till the original meaning was obtained. The tool was concurrently validated against seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) as a gold standard, which possesses only seven items and similar Likert scale. Descriptive, inferential including sensitivity, specificity and principal component analysis were performed for 2007 sample adolescents from 13 public and ten private schools of five development regions of the country. The prevalence of generalized anxiety was 34.78% and descriptive data revealed that the BAI and GAD-7 scores were positively skewed. The concurrent validity was moderate (ρ=0.58, p<0.001) and the BAI showed a good internal consistency (a=0.86). The cut-off of 13/14 showed acceptable sensitivity (70.9% ), specificity (73.1% ), and AUC (80.0% (95%CI; 77.4-82.5)) (p<0.001). The principal component analysis showed six-factor explaining 52.04 percent variance, instead of four-factor in most of the literatures. The Nepalese BAI-Adolescent is a valid tool for age group 13-19 years; if applied cautiously regarding the items three, six and thirteen. It can screen 80.0% of the generalized anxiety cases with 70.9 percent sensitivity and 73.1 percent specificity among students and hence recommended to use in schools. Key words: Adolescent, application, anxiety, Beck, Nepalese, school, validation.
{"title":"Application and Validation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory among Nepalese School Adolescents","authors":"Chiranjivi Adhikari","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.10","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety is a common mental disorder (CMD) and it affects all the age groups including children and adolescents. Various scales and tools are available to screen and diagnose anxieties. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a reliable tool recommended for 12- 80 years to screen panic to geriatric anxiety. It is also applied and validated among Nepalese adults for Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD). This study was aimed to apply and validate the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) against school adolescents in Nepal. BAI is a 21-item self-reported scale having four-point Likert scale from “0” (Not at all) through “3” (Severely-I could barely stand it). The tool was translated into Nepali and back-translated into English and several iterations were done till the original meaning was obtained. The tool was concurrently validated against seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) as a gold standard, which possesses only seven items and similar Likert scale. Descriptive, inferential including sensitivity, specificity and principal component analysis were performed for 2007 sample adolescents from 13 public and ten private schools of five development regions of the country. The prevalence of generalized anxiety was 34.78% and descriptive data revealed that the BAI and GAD-7 scores were positively skewed. The concurrent validity was moderate (ρ=0.58, p<0.001) and the BAI showed a good internal consistency (a=0.86). The cut-off of 13/14 showed acceptable sensitivity (70.9% ), specificity (73.1% ), and AUC (80.0% (95%CI; 77.4-82.5)) (p<0.001). The principal component analysis showed six-factor explaining 52.04 percent variance, instead of four-factor in most of the literatures. The Nepalese BAI-Adolescent is a valid tool for age group 13-19 years; if applied cautiously regarding the items three, six and thirteen. It can screen 80.0% of the generalized anxiety cases with 70.9 percent sensitivity and 73.1 percent specificity among students and hence recommended to use in schools. \u0000Key words: Adolescent, application, anxiety, Beck, Nepalese, school, validation.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79164257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：