Nurses have been frontline health workers being continuously exposed to infected patients for their care and treatment. The immediate response, workload, physical and psychological stress and Covid-19 infection have raised major health issues among nurses. The role of nurses is not limited within the patient care but extends further in professional teams and communities. Maintenance of effective communication to mollify the risk of global pandemic by playing a central role for managing, controlling the infectious disease remains crucial. There seems a great need for Government, policy makers, nursing groups and health care organizations to advocate the nurses both during and following a worldwide outbreak.
{"title":"Responsibilities, Risks and Management of Frontline Nurses during Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Suruchi Shrestha, B. Shrestha","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.279","url":null,"abstract":"Nurses have been frontline health workers being continuously exposed to infected patients for their care and treatment. The immediate response, workload, physical and psychological stress and Covid-19 infection have raised major health issues among nurses. The role of nurses is not limited within the patient care but extends further in professional teams and communities. Maintenance of effective communication to mollify the risk of global pandemic by playing a central role for managing, controlling the infectious disease remains crucial. There seems a great need for Government, policy makers, nursing groups and health care organizations to advocate the nurses both during and following a worldwide outbreak.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78865089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: youth are at risk of numerous health problems as they progress towards adulthood, which affect their quality of life. While sexuality remains a morality on one side, an increasing prevalence of premarital sexual activities is being reported among Nepalese youth on omit other side. This study aimed to assess the premarital sexual behaviors of college-going youth in the Tanahun district. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out using a pre-tested structured self-administered questionnaire among 721 youth of six undergraduate colleges of Tanahun district. The association between premarital sexual behaviours and the explanatory variables was assessed using the chi-square test and stepwise logistic regression. Results: More than one-tenth (13.17%) of total youth reported that they had had premarital sex preceding the survey. The study also showed that substantial proportion of college youth had indulged in risky sexual behaviours. Nearly threefourths (73.21%) of sexually active youth had their sexual debut before the age of 20 and about half (46.15%) of them did not use a condom. Similarly, more than one-third (34.62%) of sexually active respondents had multiple sex partners. Males were almost three times as likely (AOR=2.64, 95% CI; 1.26-5.51) to be involved in premarital sex compared to their counterparts. Similarly, youth having dating experience were six-fold more likely (AOR=6.4, 95% CI; 3.37-12.30) and youth who had an unmarried close friend with sexual experiences were four times more likely (AOR=3.9, 95% CI; 2.1-7.24) to indulge in premarital sex compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: One in each 10 college youth involved in premarital sex though risky sexual behaviours were prominent. Being male, having dating experience and unmarried close friend with sexual experience were the risk factors for premarital sex. These factors have to be warranted in sex education interventions.
{"title":"Premarital Sexual Behaviours of College Youth of Tanahun District, Nepal","authors":"S. Pahari, Chiranjivi Adhikari","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.259","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: youth are at risk of numerous health problems as they progress towards adulthood, which affect their quality of life. While sexuality remains a morality on one side, an increasing prevalence of premarital sexual activities is being reported among Nepalese youth on omit other side. This study aimed to assess the premarital sexual behaviors of college-going youth in the Tanahun district. \u0000Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out using a pre-tested structured self-administered questionnaire among 721 youth of six undergraduate colleges of Tanahun district. The association between premarital sexual behaviours and the explanatory variables was assessed using the chi-square test and stepwise logistic regression. \u0000Results: More than one-tenth (13.17%) of total youth reported that they had had premarital sex preceding the survey. The study also showed that substantial proportion of college youth had indulged in risky sexual behaviours. Nearly threefourths (73.21%) of sexually active youth had their sexual debut before the age of 20 and about half (46.15%) of them did not use a condom. Similarly, more than one-third (34.62%) of sexually active respondents had multiple sex partners. Males were almost three times as likely (AOR=2.64, 95% CI; 1.26-5.51) to be involved in premarital sex compared to their counterparts. Similarly, youth having dating experience were six-fold more likely (AOR=6.4, 95% CI; 3.37-12.30) and youth who had an unmarried close friend with sexual experiences were four times more likely (AOR=3.9, 95% CI; 2.1-7.24) to indulge in premarital sex compared to their counterparts. \u0000Conclusion: One in each 10 college youth involved in premarital sex though risky sexual behaviours were prominent. Being male, having dating experience and unmarried close friend with sexual experience were the risk factors for premarital sex. These factors have to be warranted in sex education interventions.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76126653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The geriatric population is increasing throughout the world. With the increase in age, people suffer from various chronic diseases and conditions. Nutrition-related problems are also common in elderly people. This study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and associated factors among elderly people. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study was carried out among 124 elderly people of Mandavi Rural Municipality, Pyuthan, Nepal from September 2019 to November 2019. The study population was selected using a convenient method. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire using the standard tool, mini nutritional assessment (MNA). Ethical approval was taken from Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Chi-square test was used to identify the association between independent variables and nutritional status. Results: More than 1/4th of the total respondents had weight loss in the last three months. More than 1/4th of the participants had neuropsychological problem and psychological stress. Out of the studied population, 22.6 % had hypertension and 8.9% had diabetes. 18.5% were smokers while 40.3% were alcohol users. 40.3% were at risk of malnutrition and 4.0% were malnourished (MNA< 17.23). Sex (p = 0.04), smoking (p = 0.014), decline in food intake (p = 0.042), psychological stress (p = 0.03) and neuropsychological problem (p = 0.01) were found significantly associated with the nutritional status (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: A significant proportion of participants were at the risk of malnourishment. Effective intervention should be designed to promote healthy aging among elders dwelling in rural areas.
{"title":"Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among the Elderly People in Mandavi Rural Municipality of Pyuthan District, Nepal","authors":"C. Acharya, A. Dhungana, C. Shah","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.236","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The geriatric population is increasing throughout the world. With the increase in age, people suffer from various chronic diseases and conditions. Nutrition-related problems are also common in elderly people. This study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and associated factors among elderly people. \u0000Methods: A community-based cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study was carried out among 124 elderly people of Mandavi Rural Municipality, Pyuthan, Nepal from September 2019 to November 2019. The study population was selected using a convenient method. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire using the standard tool, mini nutritional assessment (MNA). Ethical approval was taken from Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Chi-square test was used to identify the association between independent variables and nutritional status. \u0000Results: More than 1/4th of the total respondents had weight loss in the last three months. More than 1/4th of the participants had neuropsychological problem and psychological stress. Out of the studied population, 22.6 % had hypertension and 8.9% had diabetes. 18.5% were smokers while 40.3% were alcohol users. 40.3% were at risk of malnutrition and 4.0% were malnourished (MNA< 17.23). Sex (p = 0.04), smoking (p = 0.014), decline in food intake (p = 0.042), psychological stress (p = 0.03) and neuropsychological problem (p = 0.01) were found significantly associated with the nutritional status (p-value <0.05). \u0000Conclusion: A significant proportion of participants were at the risk of malnourishment. Effective intervention should be designed to promote healthy aging among elders dwelling in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80990078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: In Nepal, Intimate partner violence (IPV) is quite common among women. Several factors can play a role for the incidence of intimate partner violence. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of lifetime IPV and last 12 months and associated factors among Nepalese women of reproductive age. Methods: The Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data was used for secondary data analysis. In the study, a total of 3,826 women of reproductive age were included. Intimate partner violence was measured as reporting of physical and/ or sexual and/or emotional violence ever experienced in her lifetime as well as in the last 12 months. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were computed. Results: Overall, 25.7% women have experienced lifetime intimate partner violence, with 22.1% physical, 7.8% sexual and 12.7% emotional violence. Findings from multivariate logistic regression showed that women belonging to lower caste (Adjusted Odds Ratio(AOR):1.41, 95% Cofidence Interval(CI)=1.07-1.85), with no education (AOR:1.95, 95%CI=1.36- 2.79), with 3-5 number of children (AOR:1.57,95%CI=1.04-2.35), whose husband had no education (AOR:1.84,95% CI=1.27-2.66), whose husbands drank alcohol (AOR:2.54,95%CI=2.14-3.02) and the women who witness fathers beating their mothers (AOR:2.25,95%CI=1.81-2.78) were more likely suffering from intimate partner violence. Conclusion: Intimate partner violence has been linked to socio-demographic factors, substance abuse, and previous experience of witnessing fathers beating their mothers. In Nepal, equal access to education for both men and women, prohibition of caste-based discrimination and prevention of substance abuse may be effective strategies for reducing intimate partner violence.
{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence and its Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Nepal: Findings from a National Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"S. Wagle, Ganesh Pandey, B. Sharma","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.216","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Nepal, Intimate partner violence (IPV) is quite common among women. Several factors can play a role for the incidence of intimate partner violence. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of lifetime IPV and last 12 months and associated factors among Nepalese women of reproductive age. \u0000Methods: The Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data was used for secondary data analysis. In the study, a total of 3,826 women of reproductive age were included. Intimate partner violence was measured as reporting of physical and/ or sexual and/or emotional violence ever experienced in her lifetime as well as in the last 12 months. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were computed. \u0000Results: Overall, 25.7% women have experienced lifetime intimate partner violence, with 22.1% physical, 7.8% sexual and 12.7% emotional violence. Findings from multivariate logistic regression showed that women belonging to lower caste (Adjusted Odds Ratio(AOR):1.41, 95% Cofidence Interval(CI)=1.07-1.85), with no education (AOR:1.95, 95%CI=1.36- 2.79), with 3-5 number of children (AOR:1.57,95%CI=1.04-2.35), whose husband had no education (AOR:1.84,95% CI=1.27-2.66), whose husbands drank alcohol (AOR:2.54,95%CI=2.14-3.02) and the women who witness fathers beating their mothers (AOR:2.25,95%CI=1.81-2.78) were more likely suffering from intimate partner violence. \u0000Conclusion: Intimate partner violence has been linked to socio-demographic factors, substance abuse, and previous experience of witnessing fathers beating their mothers. In Nepal, equal access to education for both men and women, prohibition of caste-based discrimination and prevention of substance abuse may be effective strategies for reducing intimate partner violence.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74433998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Household health expenditures are the costs related to the health care and services from a house. The household health care expenditure constitutes a larger share (55.4%) of total health expenditures in Nepal which imply that health care can place a significant financial burden on households. Therefore, the aim of the study was to estimate the household expenditures on primary, secondary and higher-level health care in Nepalese households. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 335 household heads in Lekhnath municipality, Kaski, Nepal later changed in to Pokhara Metropolitan. An interview schedule was used to collect the data through face to face interview. Cluster sampling technique was used to select desired number of participants. Results: More than eight out of ten participants (88.1%) visited private health facility for the treatment. More than half (61.5%) had taken secondary and higher-level services. Among out-of-pocket household expenditure the mean (±SD) direct cost was NRs.24100±36870 where minimum expenditure was NRs.50 while maximum expenditure was NRs. 255025. Similarly, mean (±SD) indirect cost was NRs.784.48±2319 where majority expenditures (96.8%) were direct costs while 3.2% were indirect costs. The mean (±SD) cost for primary health services was NRs.905.07±1729 where minimum was NRs.60 and maximum was NRs.10110. Similarly, the mean (±SD) cost for secondary and higher-level services was NRs.23200±37390 where minimum was NRs.50 and maximum was NRs.255025. Conclusion: The average (±SD) household expenditure on different health services was NRs. 24800±38630 per annum, which is higher health expenditures for health service. The majority (96.8%) of health expenditures were included to direct costs while only 3.2% were in indirect costs. Higher expenditure was on secondary and higher-level services and it was NRs.23200 per annum while least expenditure on primary health services was NRs.905.07 per annum.
{"title":"Household Expenditures on Primary, Secondary and Higher-level Health Care in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal","authors":"S. Pandey, S. Baral, D. Yadav","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.147","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Household health expenditures are the costs related to the health care and services from a house. The household health care expenditure constitutes a larger share (55.4%) of total health expenditures in Nepal which imply that health care can place a significant financial burden on households. Therefore, the aim of the study was to estimate the household expenditures on primary, secondary and higher-level health care in Nepalese households. \u0000Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 335 household heads in Lekhnath municipality, Kaski, Nepal later changed in to Pokhara Metropolitan. An interview schedule was used to collect the data through face to face interview. Cluster sampling technique was used to select desired number of participants. \u0000Results: More than eight out of ten participants (88.1%) visited private health facility for the treatment. More than half (61.5%) had taken secondary and higher-level services. Among out-of-pocket household expenditure the mean (±SD) direct cost was NRs.24100±36870 where minimum expenditure was NRs.50 while maximum expenditure was NRs. 255025. Similarly, mean (±SD) indirect cost was NRs.784.48±2319 where majority expenditures (96.8%) were direct costs while 3.2% were indirect costs. The mean (±SD) cost for primary health services was NRs.905.07±1729 where minimum was NRs.60 and maximum was NRs.10110. Similarly, the mean (±SD) cost for secondary and higher-level services was NRs.23200±37390 where minimum was NRs.50 and maximum was NRs.255025. \u0000Conclusion: The average (±SD) household expenditure on different health services was NRs. 24800±38630 per annum, which is higher health expenditures for health service. The majority (96.8%) of health expenditures were included to direct costs while only 3.2% were in indirect costs. Higher expenditure was on secondary and higher-level services and it was NRs.23200 per annum while least expenditure on primary health services was NRs.905.07 per annum.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91268638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World Health Organization declared Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) that was originated from Wuhan, China as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The world is facing unprecedented test due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The scenario of Nepal reflects that in present condition where country is fighting with COVID- 19, safe pregnancy is not guaranteed and fear of challenges to ensure the lives of mother and children is seen among pregnant women. In particular, this has been especially major problem for pregnant women, who fear not only for themselves but often even more so for their unborn infants. Three Nepali mothers still die daily at childbirth and at least 24 women had died of birth-related complications during first two months of lockdown in Nepal. The situation is worse in remote areas where hospitals are few and far between and communities are coupled with a lack of awareness about reproductive healthcare. Thus, Nepal government should seriously address these issues because it is said that the pregnant women are the vulnerable groups during emergencies, disaster and disease outbreak. Also living in a healthy environment is ascribed as a right of people in the constitution of Nepal 2015.
{"title":"COVID- 19 Pandemic and its Effect on Pregnancy in Nepal: A Public Health Issue","authors":"Bijay Parajuli","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.200","url":null,"abstract":"World Health Organization declared Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) that was originated from Wuhan, China as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The world is facing unprecedented test due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The scenario of Nepal reflects that in present condition where country is fighting with COVID- 19, safe pregnancy is not guaranteed and fear of challenges to ensure the lives of mother and children is seen among pregnant women. In particular, this has been especially major problem for pregnant women, who fear not only for themselves but often even more so for their unborn infants. Three Nepali mothers still die daily at childbirth and at least 24 women had died of birth-related complications during first two months of lockdown in Nepal. The situation is worse in remote areas where hospitals are few and far between and communities are coupled with a lack of awareness about reproductive healthcare. Thus, Nepal government should seriously address these issues because it is said that the pregnant women are the vulnerable groups during emergencies, disaster and disease outbreak. Also living in a healthy environment is ascribed as a right of people in the constitution of Nepal 2015.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86651458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Patient satisfaction is one of the key elements for the overall improvement of health service management. Patient satisfaction in the health care organization is popularly used for benchmark and accreditation purposes. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the 164 patients who got their at least one type of eye surgery done following at least three OPD visits at Himalaya Eye Hospital from January 2019 to July 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to enroll the study subjects. Face to face interview was done with a semi-structured interview schedule to gather the data from the subject. Data were entered into Epi-Data and transfered to SPSS 20 for analysis. A Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: The average satisfaction score was (4.061±0.26). Overall 48.2% of respondents were satisfied with the physical environment, 59.1% were satisfied with eye care service, 67.1% were satisfied with a health care provider, and 59.1% satisfied with a financial cost, and 88.4% respondents were satisfied with the outcome of care. Conclusion: The majority of respondents were satisfied with the cleanliness and health care providers of the hospital. The main dissatisfaction was on the lack of provision of safe drinking water, insufficient space for caretakers, lengthy time for ticketing system, long waiting time, and waiting area. Concerned authorities are recommended for considering the need of people in the community which may further increase their satisfaction towards services and institutions.
{"title":"Satisfaction among the Patients Attending Himalaya Eye Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"Sirjana Tiwari, Bimala Bhatta, S. Wagle","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.137","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Patient satisfaction is one of the key elements for the overall improvement of health service management. Patient satisfaction in the health care organization is popularly used for benchmark and accreditation purposes. \u0000Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the 164 patients who got their at least one type of eye surgery done following at least three OPD visits at Himalaya Eye Hospital from January 2019 to July 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to enroll the study subjects. Face to face interview was done with a semi-structured interview schedule to gather the data from the subject. Data were entered into Epi-Data and transfered to SPSS 20 for analysis. A Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between dependent and independent variables. \u0000Results: The average satisfaction score was (4.061±0.26). Overall 48.2% of respondents were satisfied with the physical environment, 59.1% were satisfied with eye care service, 67.1% were satisfied with a health care provider, and 59.1% satisfied with a financial cost, and 88.4% respondents were satisfied with the outcome of care. \u0000Conclusion: The majority of respondents were satisfied with the cleanliness and health care providers of the hospital. The main dissatisfaction was on the lack of provision of safe drinking water, insufficient space for caretakers, lengthy time for ticketing system, long waiting time, and waiting area. Concerned authorities are recommended for considering the need of people in the community which may further increase their satisfaction towards services and institutions.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87862534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The compliance with standard precautions during clinical exposure prevents the risk of infections in health professionals. Despite high degree effectiveness of standard precautions, low compliance rates has been reported among the nursing students in Nepal. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and factors associated with the compliance of standard precautions in clinical exposure among the nursing students in Pokhara, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in between July to December 2019 among 208 Proficiency Certificate Level nursing students studying in different nursing schools in Pokhara. Self-reporting questionnaire was used as a tool to determine knowledge on standard precautions and Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) was used to measure compliance rate. Chi-square test was performed to assess the factors associated with the compliance of standard precautions and binary logistic regression was performed to measure the strength of association. Results: Out of 208 students participated in the study; the overall compliance rate with standard precautions was 65%. Similarly, 91.3% nursing students had fair and only 2.9% had a good knowledge on standard precautions with average knowledge score 12.15 out of 24. Multivariable analysis revealed age <18 years (AOR=2.307, 95% CI: 1.217-4.371), availability of infection control (IC) guidelines in wards (AOR=5.331, 95% CI: 1.852-15.345) and feedback on safety practices (AOR=7.419, 95% CI: 1.409-39.061) as the predictors of compliance of standard precautions among nursing students. Conclusion: The study concluded that, despite having fair knowledge on standard precautions, compliance rate is comparatively less among the students. Age of students, availability of infection control (IC) guidelines and feedback on safety practices were identified as significant predictors. There is an immediate need of training/orientation on standard precautions before clinical posting along with provision of infection control guideline in wards and supportive supervision and feedback during clinical exposure.
{"title":"Knowledge and Factors Associated with Compliance of Standard Precautions in Clinical Exposure among Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing Students of Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"Alisha Thapa, Hari Prasad Kaphle","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.228","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The compliance with standard precautions during clinical exposure prevents the risk of infections in health professionals. Despite high degree effectiveness of standard precautions, low compliance rates has been reported among the nursing students in Nepal. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and factors associated with the compliance of standard precautions in clinical exposure among the nursing students in Pokhara, Nepal. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in between July to December 2019 among 208 Proficiency Certificate Level nursing students studying in different nursing schools in Pokhara. Self-reporting questionnaire was used as a tool to determine knowledge on standard precautions and Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) was used to measure compliance rate. Chi-square test was performed to assess the factors associated with the compliance of standard precautions and binary logistic regression was performed to measure the strength of association. \u0000Results: Out of 208 students participated in the study; the overall compliance rate with standard precautions was 65%. Similarly, 91.3% nursing students had fair and only 2.9% had a good knowledge on standard precautions with average knowledge score 12.15 out of 24. Multivariable analysis revealed age <18 years (AOR=2.307, 95% CI: 1.217-4.371), availability of infection control (IC) guidelines in wards (AOR=5.331, 95% CI: 1.852-15.345) and feedback on safety practices (AOR=7.419, 95% CI: 1.409-39.061) as the predictors of compliance of standard precautions among nursing students. \u0000Conclusion: The study concluded that, despite having fair knowledge on standard precautions, compliance rate is comparatively less among the students. Age of students, availability of infection control (IC) guidelines and feedback on safety practices were identified as significant predictors. There is an immediate need of training/orientation on standard precautions before clinical posting along with provision of infection control guideline in wards and supportive supervision and feedback during clinical exposure.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78938185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is access to and availability of the scientific database, the search of relevant literature in practice, and the precise use of Evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Assessment of variables such as the beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behavior give rise to factor influencing and self-efficacy of individuals practicing EBP and conceptualizing the growing importance of EBP in the physical therapy sector. The present study aimed to assess belief and attitude about EBP, its knowledge, and skills related to obtaining and evaluating evidence and identify barriers to practice among Physical Therapists in India. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among the physical therapist working in Delhi and NCR. A survey questionnaire contains 5 segments and 51 statement item screening beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of individuals in terms of using EBP. The relationship among variables is obtained by using Logistic Regression analysis. The data was collected from April 2016 through May 2016. Results: The physical therapist state that they had a positive attitude toward EBP and understand the necessity of evidencebased practice (87%). They were familiar with a search engine (87%), relevant literature is useful in practice (75%), help in clinical decision making (75.9%), and improve quality of patient care (78.9%) but the majority of respondents said that it doesn’t come under patient preference (51.8%), lack of generalizability of research finding to the individual patient (28.7%), and insufficient time (77.8%) to incorporate EBP. Conclusion: Indian physical therapists from Delhi and NCR believe that they had a positive attitude toward obtaining EBP, using available evidence for clinical decision making, and improve the quality of patient care. A cultural change within the working environment and the organization’s support will allow more time for searching relevant databases for implementing EBP in daily clinical practice.
{"title":"Use of Evidence Based Practice by Physical Therapist in Delhi and NCR, India: A Crossectional Survey","authors":"Ramesh Gyawali, N. Hamdani","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.205","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is access to and availability of the scientific database, the search of relevant literature in practice, and the precise use of Evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Assessment of variables such as the beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behavior give rise to factor influencing and self-efficacy of individuals practicing EBP and conceptualizing the growing importance of EBP in the physical therapy sector. The present study aimed to assess belief and attitude about EBP, its knowledge, and skills related to obtaining and evaluating evidence and identify barriers to practice among Physical Therapists in India. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among the physical therapist working in Delhi and NCR. A survey questionnaire contains 5 segments and 51 statement item screening beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of individuals in terms of using EBP. The relationship among variables is obtained by using Logistic Regression analysis. The data was collected from April 2016 through May 2016. \u0000Results: The physical therapist state that they had a positive attitude toward EBP and understand the necessity of evidencebased practice (87%). They were familiar with a search engine (87%), relevant literature is useful in practice (75%), help in clinical decision making (75.9%), and improve quality of patient care (78.9%) but the majority of respondents said that it doesn’t come under patient preference (51.8%), lack of generalizability of research finding to the individual patient (28.7%), and insufficient time (77.8%) to incorporate EBP. \u0000Conclusion: Indian physical therapists from Delhi and NCR believe that they had a positive attitude toward obtaining EBP, using available evidence for clinical decision making, and improve the quality of patient care. A cultural change within the working environment and the organization’s support will allow more time for searching relevant databases for implementing EBP in daily clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81338920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Stress among health care professionals is harmful because of adverse psychological and physiological changes, which lead to decrease productivity. This study aimed to explore the experienced causes of stress, its effects and coping strategies among nurses. Methods: In-depth interview was conducted among nurses working in different hospitals of the Pokhara metropolitan, Nepal. The nurses were selected purposively. Data saturation was gained with fifteen interviews. Data analysis was done by adopting the Conventional Qualitative Content Analysis technique and summative analysis process. Results: Three domains were identified from the study – causes of stress, effects of stress, and coping strategies for stress. The causes of stress were workload, lack of proper logistics, insufficient staffs, undesirable relation among colleagues, patient’s condition, patient’s relatives, and visitors, being blamed for other’s mistakes, senior’s behaviors, workplace violence, work- shift, patient’s death, and sufferings, job positions, work-life balance, health condition, job dissatisfaction, dignity and social status, family problems and lack of experience. The effects of stress experienced by the nurses were medication errors, delay of services, loss of concentration in work, degradation of the hospital’s goodwill, headache, insomnia, frustration and depression, lethargy, and loss of appetite. Nurses adopted listening to music, playing games, surfing the internet, watching television, doing household chores, sharing events and incidents, calm down, and crying as the coping strategies for the stress they experienced. Conclusion: Due to several stress factors and their effects, the performance of nurses in a hospital setting was challenging. It was affecting the physical, mental, and social aspects of nurses’ life. However, they adopted coping strategies to help themselves in reducing the level of stress. An environment must be created by family members, organization, management team, nation, concerned authority, and possible stakeholders so that the nurses will be able to work with total concentration, devotion, and commitment.
{"title":"Stress: How is it Affecting Service Delivery and Health of Nurses? A Qualitative Study from Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal","authors":"S. Baral, S. Subedi","doi":"10.37107/JHAS.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37107/JHAS.202","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stress among health care professionals is harmful because of adverse psychological and physiological changes, which lead to decrease productivity. This study aimed to explore the experienced causes of stress, its effects and coping strategies among nurses. \u0000Methods: In-depth interview was conducted among nurses working in different hospitals of the Pokhara metropolitan, Nepal. The nurses were selected purposively. Data saturation was gained with fifteen interviews. Data analysis was done by adopting the Conventional Qualitative Content Analysis technique and summative analysis process. \u0000Results: Three domains were identified from the study – causes of stress, effects of stress, and coping strategies for stress. The causes of stress were workload, lack of proper logistics, insufficient staffs, undesirable relation among colleagues, patient’s condition, patient’s relatives, and visitors, being blamed for other’s mistakes, senior’s behaviors, workplace violence, work- shift, patient’s death, and sufferings, job positions, work-life balance, health condition, job dissatisfaction, dignity and social status, family problems and lack of experience. The effects of stress experienced by the nurses were medication errors, delay of services, loss of concentration in work, degradation of the hospital’s goodwill, headache, insomnia, frustration and depression, lethargy, and loss of appetite. Nurses adopted listening to music, playing games, surfing the internet, watching television, doing household chores, sharing events and incidents, calm down, and crying as the coping strategies for the stress they experienced. \u0000Conclusion: Due to several stress factors and their effects, the performance of nurses in a hospital setting was challenging. It was affecting the physical, mental, and social aspects of nurses’ life. However, they adopted coping strategies to help themselves in reducing the level of stress. An environment must be created by family members, organization, management team, nation, concerned authority, and possible stakeholders so that the nurses will be able to work with total concentration, devotion, and commitment.","PeriodicalId":39573,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72761723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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