B. Rajkumari, Joymati Oinam, Tamphasana Thounaojam
Background: Workplace violence is much prevalent across the globe in almost all institutions dealing directly with the general public and hospitals are no exception to it. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of workplace violence among doctors and nurses in a tertiary health-care institute in Manipur and to discuss the contributing factors and preventive measures against workplace violence. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2019 among a sample of 438 among doctors and nurses of clinical departments of a tertiary health-care institute, Manipur. A predesigned self-administered questionnaire which was modified and adopted from the “Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study-Questionnaire” was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM Statistics version 21. Statistical analyses such as mean, standard deviation (SD), proportion, and Chi-squared (χ2) test were performed taking P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The mean (±SD) age was 31.02 (±7.1) years. About 32.8% had experienced at least one form of violence. Verbal abuses were the most common form (72.8%). Staff nurses (45.7%) faced the maximum number of incidents. Significantly male staff faced more workplace violence than females. Conclusion: The prevalence of workplace violence was a little more than 1 out of 4. Verbal abuse was the most common workplace violence. The communication gap (123, 49.8%) was cited as the main cause of workplace violence. Increasing security measures and limiting numbers of patient's attendants are required to deal with workplace violence.
背景：工作场所暴力在全球几乎所有直接与公众打交道的机构中都很普遍，医院也不例外。因此，本研究的目的是确定曼尼普尔一所三级医疗机构医生和护士中工作场所暴力的流行率，并讨论影响工作场所暴力行为的因素和预防措施。材料和方法：2019年3月至4月，在曼尼普尔一家三级医疗机构临床科室的438名医生和护士中进行了一项横断面研究。数据收集使用了一份预先设计的自我管理问卷，该问卷是从“卫生部门工作场所暴力国家案例研究问卷”中修改和采用的。使用SPSS IBM Statistics version 21对数据进行分析。进行统计学分析，如平均值、标准差（SD）、比例和卡方检验（χ2），P＜0.05为统计学显著性。结果：平均（±SD）年龄为31.02（±7.1）岁。约32.8%的人至少经历过一种形式的暴力。言语虐待是最常见的形式（72.8%）。护士（45.7%）面临的事件最多。值得注意的是，男性员工比女性员工面临更多的工作场所暴力。结论：工作场所暴力的发生率略高于四分之一。言语虐待是最常见的职场暴力。沟通差距（12349.8%）被认为是工作场所暴力的主要原因。应对工作场所暴力需要加强安全措施并限制患者护理人员的数量。
{"title":"Workplace violence in a tertiary health-care institute in Manipur: A cross-sectional study","authors":"B. Rajkumari, Joymati Oinam, Tamphasana Thounaojam","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_30_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_30_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Workplace violence is much prevalent across the globe in almost all institutions dealing directly with the general public and hospitals are no exception to it. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of workplace violence among doctors and nurses in a tertiary health-care institute in Manipur and to discuss the contributing factors and preventive measures against workplace violence. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2019 among a sample of 438 among doctors and nurses of clinical departments of a tertiary health-care institute, Manipur. A predesigned self-administered questionnaire which was modified and adopted from the “Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study-Questionnaire” was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM Statistics version 21. Statistical analyses such as mean, standard deviation (SD), proportion, and Chi-squared (χ2) test were performed taking P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The mean (±SD) age was 31.02 (±7.1) years. About 32.8% had experienced at least one form of violence. Verbal abuses were the most common form (72.8%). Staff nurses (45.7%) faced the maximum number of incidents. Significantly male staff faced more workplace violence than females. Conclusion: The prevalence of workplace violence was a little more than 1 out of 4. Verbal abuse was the most common workplace violence. The communication gap (123, 49.8%) was cited as the main cause of workplace violence. Increasing security measures and limiting numbers of patient's attendants are required to deal with workplace violence.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"76 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43276694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suiyibangbe, A. Singh, A. Choudhary, Saugat Das, L. Singh, N. Singh
Background: Surgical creation of a superior palpebral fold, known as the double-eyelid operation (Blepharoplasty), has become the most popular cosmetic surgery in Asia. One of the distinguishing features between an individual of Asian descent and western descent is the absence or presence of an upper eyelid crease. An eye with a double-eyelid looks fresh, youthful, and attractive. Several techniques to create a unique esthetic kind of double eyelid in the Asian population has been reported. Aims: Keeping up with the recent evolving techniques, our study is designed to study the role of removal of pretarsal tissue in Asian Blepharoplasty and to analyze the esthetic outcome. Materials and Methods: Study Variables used were age, sex, address, maximum crease height, height of eyebrow, intercanthal distance, and interpupillary distance. Outcome Measures were symmetry of both the eyelid crease and subjective aesthetic appearance. Settings and Design: An interventional prospective study was a tertiary hospital setup in Manipur, India, or a period of 2 years. Double-eyelid operation (Blepharoplasty) was performed on a total of 91 cases, with removal of pretarsal tissues along with a strip of pretarsal orbicularis oculi. Statistical Analysis: The data analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 21 developer. Descriptive statistics mean were used for statistical analysis and paired t-test for quantitative data. Results: A total of 91 operated cases were analyzed, taking variables - age, sex, address, maximum crease height, height of eyebrow, intercanthal distance, and interpupillary distance. Outcome measures were symmetry of both the eyelid crease and subjective esthetic appearance. It was found out that majority of the crease height remain unchanged from the intraoperative marking level. Making the preoperative planning a reliable representation of final outcome, and 76 cases (83.5%) were in Grade I subjective esthetic outcome and only 1 case was in Grade III (unsatisfied). Conclusion: Remove the pretarsal connective tissue and part of orbicularis muscle allowed for better fixation, smooth skin surface and leaving less tissue to become postoperatively edematous. Along with minimal fat excision helps to avoid a sunken sulcus. This technique gives good esthetic outcome. The procedure makes the newly created double-eyelid appear natural and more beautiful after complete recovery.
{"title":"A prospective study on the role of removal of pretarsal tissue in Asian blepharoplasty","authors":"Suiyibangbe, A. Singh, A. Choudhary, Saugat Das, L. Singh, N. Singh","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_123_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_123_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical creation of a superior palpebral fold, known as the double-eyelid operation (Blepharoplasty), has become the most popular cosmetic surgery in Asia. One of the distinguishing features between an individual of Asian descent and western descent is the absence or presence of an upper eyelid crease. An eye with a double-eyelid looks fresh, youthful, and attractive. Several techniques to create a unique esthetic kind of double eyelid in the Asian population has been reported. Aims: Keeping up with the recent evolving techniques, our study is designed to study the role of removal of pretarsal tissue in Asian Blepharoplasty and to analyze the esthetic outcome. Materials and Methods: Study Variables used were age, sex, address, maximum crease height, height of eyebrow, intercanthal distance, and interpupillary distance. Outcome Measures were symmetry of both the eyelid crease and subjective aesthetic appearance. Settings and Design: An interventional prospective study was a tertiary hospital setup in Manipur, India, or a period of 2 years. Double-eyelid operation (Blepharoplasty) was performed on a total of 91 cases, with removal of pretarsal tissues along with a strip of pretarsal orbicularis oculi. Statistical Analysis: The data analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 21 developer. Descriptive statistics mean were used for statistical analysis and paired t-test for quantitative data. Results: A total of 91 operated cases were analyzed, taking variables - age, sex, address, maximum crease height, height of eyebrow, intercanthal distance, and interpupillary distance. Outcome measures were symmetry of both the eyelid crease and subjective esthetic appearance. It was found out that majority of the crease height remain unchanged from the intraoperative marking level. Making the preoperative planning a reliable representation of final outcome, and 76 cases (83.5%) were in Grade I subjective esthetic outcome and only 1 case was in Grade III (unsatisfied). Conclusion: Remove the pretarsal connective tissue and part of orbicularis muscle allowed for better fixation, smooth skin surface and leaving less tissue to become postoperatively edematous. Along with minimal fat excision helps to avoid a sunken sulcus. This technique gives good esthetic outcome. The procedure makes the newly created double-eyelid appear natural and more beautiful after complete recovery.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"101 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42314128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akhilesh Kumar, Gaurav Shandilya, A. Pandey, Archika Gupta
Sigmoid volvulus (SV) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in childhood, and it is very uncommon below the age of 20 years and above 70 years. In childhood, SV comprises 4% of all intestinal volvulus. Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a developmental disorder of the enteric nervous system, which is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric and Meissner plexus; rarely, SV may complicate HD. We treated one such patient. Being extremely rare, this association is being reported with a review of the relevant literature.
{"title":"Sigmoid volvulus in a child: An uncommon presentation of Hirschsprung disease","authors":"Akhilesh Kumar, Gaurav Shandilya, A. Pandey, Archika Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_27_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_27_20","url":null,"abstract":"Sigmoid volvulus (SV) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in childhood, and it is very uncommon below the age of 20 years and above 70 years. In childhood, SV comprises 4% of all intestinal volvulus. Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a developmental disorder of the enteric nervous system, which is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric and Meissner plexus; rarely, SV may complicate HD. We treated one such patient. Being extremely rare, this association is being reported with a review of the relevant literature.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"115 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42079862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various countries have engaged in serious re-examinations of the legal regimes they use to support innovation in recent times. This is partly due to the establishment of the World Trade Organization and its adoption of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. TRIPS made it necessary for revision of most national intellectual property laws. Patentable subject matter is defined in such a manner that protection cannot be granted for “Discoveries”. For eg. Advances such as any abstract principles of science, the fundamental relationship between energy and mass, any living organism, etc. An application for a patent must involve an “invention”. Competition law, on the other hand, aims at promoting competition as a means of market response and consumer preference so as to ensure effective and efficient allocation of resources and to create an incentive for the economy for innovation. The cost and availability of patented drugs is a key development issue, directly impacted by various government policies that affect the degree of competition. A compulsory license provides that the owner of a patent licenses the use of their rights against payment either set by law or determined through some form of adjudication or arbitration. This might be a solution to balance the two competing interests between intellectual property rights and competition law. This article will be especially useful to legal practitioners as well as pharmaceutical companies. These companies need to be aware of the laws of the land while manufacturing and marketing their drugs. They also need to be mindful of the exceptions existing in the law relating to pharmaceutical patents. This article will also be useful to Competition Lawyers in various jurisdictions.
{"title":"Compulsory licensing of patents and its effect on competition","authors":"Ruchika Ghosh","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_45_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_45_20","url":null,"abstract":"Various countries have engaged in serious re-examinations of the legal regimes they use to support innovation in recent times. This is partly due to the establishment of the World Trade Organization and its adoption of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. TRIPS made it necessary for revision of most national intellectual property laws. Patentable subject matter is defined in such a manner that protection cannot be granted for “Discoveries”. For eg. Advances such as any abstract principles of science, the fundamental relationship between energy and mass, any living organism, etc. An application for a patent must involve an “invention”. Competition law, on the other hand, aims at promoting competition as a means of market response and consumer preference so as to ensure effective and efficient allocation of resources and to create an incentive for the economy for innovation. The cost and availability of patented drugs is a key development issue, directly impacted by various government policies that affect the degree of competition. A compulsory license provides that the owner of a patent licenses the use of their rights against payment either set by law or determined through some form of adjudication or arbitration. This might be a solution to balance the two competing interests between intellectual property rights and competition law. This article will be especially useful to legal practitioners as well as pharmaceutical companies. These companies need to be aware of the laws of the land while manufacturing and marketing their drugs. They also need to be mindful of the exceptions existing in the law relating to pharmaceutical patents. This article will also be useful to Competition Lawyers in various jurisdictions.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"55 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48384321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Acute pancreatitis remains a major cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Alcoholism and biliary tract stone disease are the main causes in up to 80% of cases. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on the correlation of clinical, biochemical, and radiological criteria. Serum lipase and amylase have been used to diagnose acute pancreatitis with values greater than three times the upper limit of normal being diagnostic. Objective: The aim is to study the value of serum lipase: amylase ratio in predicting the etiology of acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in North-East India during a 2-year period. The serum lipase/amylase ratio has been evaluated in 52 patients (31 acute alcoholic pancreatitis, 19 acute gallstone pancreatitis, 2 idiopathic). Results: Analysis of data showed that patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis had higher serum lipase levels (2722.5 ± 285.7, mean ± standard deviation) compared to acute gallstone pancreatitis (1565.21 ± 198.2). On the other hand, acute gallstone pancreatitis patients had higher serum amylase (862.3 ± 105.5) compared to acute alcoholic pancreatitis patients (683.03 ± 618.31). Determination of lipase: amylase ratio showed that out of 31 patients of acute alcoholic pancreatitis 22 patients (71%) had lipase: amylase ratio ≥3. Out of 19 patients of acute gallstone pancreatitis, 17 patients (89.5%) had lipase: amylase ratio <3, which was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Serum lipase: amylase ratio fixed at 3.0 can assist in differentiating acute biliary pancreatitis from acute alcoholic pancreatitis. The lipase: amylase ratio ≥3 is observed in alcoholic acute pancreatitis while biliary pancreatitis has ratio <3.
{"title":"Serum lipase amylase ratio in predicting the etiology of acute pancreatitis","authors":"H. Singh, L. Singh, Priyadarshini Shougrakpam","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_121_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_121_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute pancreatitis remains a major cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Alcoholism and biliary tract stone disease are the main causes in up to 80% of cases. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on the correlation of clinical, biochemical, and radiological criteria. Serum lipase and amylase have been used to diagnose acute pancreatitis with values greater than three times the upper limit of normal being diagnostic. Objective: The aim is to study the value of serum lipase: amylase ratio in predicting the etiology of acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in North-East India during a 2-year period. The serum lipase/amylase ratio has been evaluated in 52 patients (31 acute alcoholic pancreatitis, 19 acute gallstone pancreatitis, 2 idiopathic). Results: Analysis of data showed that patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis had higher serum lipase levels (2722.5 ± 285.7, mean ± standard deviation) compared to acute gallstone pancreatitis (1565.21 ± 198.2). On the other hand, acute gallstone pancreatitis patients had higher serum amylase (862.3 ± 105.5) compared to acute alcoholic pancreatitis patients (683.03 ± 618.31). Determination of lipase: amylase ratio showed that out of 31 patients of acute alcoholic pancreatitis 22 patients (71%) had lipase: amylase ratio ≥3. Out of 19 patients of acute gallstone pancreatitis, 17 patients (89.5%) had lipase: amylase ratio <3, which was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Serum lipase: amylase ratio fixed at 3.0 can assist in differentiating acute biliary pancreatitis from acute alcoholic pancreatitis. The lipase: amylase ratio ≥3 is observed in alcoholic acute pancreatitis while biliary pancreatitis has ratio <3.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"96 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43407561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is common due to their shared routes of transmission. Coinfected persons have a higher mortality rate. Some investigators reported an inverse correlation between hepatitis C viral load and CD4 cell count, whereas others have found no such correlation. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine hepatitis C viral load, HIV1 RNA viral load, and CD4 cell count and to find the correlation between hepatitis C viral load, HIV1 RNA viral load, and CD4 cell count in HIV-HCV coinfected patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in RIMS Hospital, Manipur, between September 2016 and August 2018 among 52 HIV and HCV coinfected patients. Hepatitis C viral load and HIV1 RNA viral load were measured using COBAS® TaqMan® HCV Test and COBAS® TaqMan® HIV-1 test, respectively. COBAS® TaqMan® 48 Analyzer was used for automated amplification and detection. BD fluorescent-activated cell sorter count machine was used for CD4 cell count. Results: Majority of the subjects were male and in the age group of 15–49 years. The most common mode of infection was injecting drug use. There was a statistically insignificant weak negative correlation between hepatitis C viral load and HIV1 RNA viral load, hepatitis C viral load and CD4 cell count, and HIV1 RNA viral load and CD4 cell count. Conclusion: This study found no correlation between hepatitis C viral load and CD4 cell count, HIV1 RNA viral load and hepatitis C viral load, and HIV1 RNA viral load and CD4 cell count. Along with the free antiretroviral therapy treatment made available, there is a need for strategies to rapidly diagnose HCV infection in HIV-HCV coinfected patients and enhance HCV treatment uptake so as to prevent HCV-related morbidity and mortality in these patients.
{"title":"Determination of hepatitis C viral load and human immunodeficiency virus 1 RNA viral load and their correlation with CD4 cell count in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India","authors":"Krossnunpuii, H. Singh, Kshetrimayum Singh","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_33_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_33_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is common due to their shared routes of transmission. Coinfected persons have a higher mortality rate. Some investigators reported an inverse correlation between hepatitis C viral load and CD4 cell count, whereas others have found no such correlation. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine hepatitis C viral load, HIV1 RNA viral load, and CD4 cell count and to find the correlation between hepatitis C viral load, HIV1 RNA viral load, and CD4 cell count in HIV-HCV coinfected patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in RIMS Hospital, Manipur, between September 2016 and August 2018 among 52 HIV and HCV coinfected patients. Hepatitis C viral load and HIV1 RNA viral load were measured using COBAS® TaqMan® HCV Test and COBAS® TaqMan® HIV-1 test, respectively. COBAS® TaqMan® 48 Analyzer was used for automated amplification and detection. BD fluorescent-activated cell sorter count machine was used for CD4 cell count. Results: Majority of the subjects were male and in the age group of 15–49 years. The most common mode of infection was injecting drug use. There was a statistically insignificant weak negative correlation between hepatitis C viral load and HIV1 RNA viral load, hepatitis C viral load and CD4 cell count, and HIV1 RNA viral load and CD4 cell count. Conclusion: This study found no correlation between hepatitis C viral load and CD4 cell count, HIV1 RNA viral load and hepatitis C viral load, and HIV1 RNA viral load and CD4 cell count. Along with the free antiretroviral therapy treatment made available, there is a need for strategies to rapidly diagnose HCV infection in HIV-HCV coinfected patients and enhance HCV treatment uptake so as to prevent HCV-related morbidity and mortality in these patients.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"81 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43945888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ongoing global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has been declared as a pandemic, a public health emergency of international concern, and also as a disease which has shown a very high risk of global transmission. The available evidence suggests that the disease is being transmitted through close contacts or through droplets and thus the probability of acquiring the infection at workplace becomes very high, wherein a group of people work in constrained settings. This calls for the need to implement specific measures to minimize the probability of acquisition of infection. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace, it is a must that it should be kept clean and hygienic and practices to promote better respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene should be envisaged. Further, specific interventions should be taken to improve the mental health of the employees by supporting them to alleviate their fear and anxiety associated with the disease. In conclusion, the effective containment of the COVID-19 pandemic requires a multisectoral approach and thus, we have to get our workplace ready and ensure the safety of the employees and be together in our battle against the novel infection.
{"title":"Measures to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in workplace settings: Public health perspective","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_22_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_22_20","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has been declared as a pandemic, a public health emergency of international concern, and also as a disease which has shown a very high risk of global transmission. The available evidence suggests that the disease is being transmitted through close contacts or through droplets and thus the probability of acquiring the infection at workplace becomes very high, wherein a group of people work in constrained settings. This calls for the need to implement specific measures to minimize the probability of acquisition of infection. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace, it is a must that it should be kept clean and hygienic and practices to promote better respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene should be envisaged. Further, specific interventions should be taken to improve the mental health of the employees by supporting them to alleviate their fear and anxiety associated with the disease. In conclusion, the effective containment of the COVID-19 pandemic requires a multisectoral approach and thus, we have to get our workplace ready and ensure the safety of the employees and be together in our battle against the novel infection.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"117 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41366616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Arjun Bal, L. Singh, S. Singh, Manna Bhattacharjee, N. Singh, S. Rai, Namanandi Ashwini, Phillip Laishram
Background: Serodiscordant couples are an important population group that needs to be addressed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention. However, the exact magnitude of the problem is often underestimated even among health care workers. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal for a period of 2 years, to estimate the prevalence and seroconversion rates of HIV discordant couples in this population. Results: Among the 90 discordant couples under follow-up, 2 HIV-negative partners seroconverted with a seroconversion rate of 1.14 hundred person-years. The average age of the study population was 36.99 years. Eighty percent of the HIV positive partners were males Seventy-six out of 90 patients were educated at primary school level and above. Intravenous drug use was the main risk factor.
{"title":"Seroprevalence and seroconversion rates of human immunodeficiency virus discordant couples attending a tertiary care center: A prospective cohort study","authors":"K. Arjun Bal, L. Singh, S. Singh, Manna Bhattacharjee, N. Singh, S. Rai, Namanandi Ashwini, Phillip Laishram","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_52_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_52_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Serodiscordant couples are an important population group that needs to be addressed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention. However, the exact magnitude of the problem is often underestimated even among health care workers. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal for a period of 2 years, to estimate the prevalence and seroconversion rates of HIV discordant couples in this population. Results: Among the 90 discordant couples under follow-up, 2 HIV-negative partners seroconverted with a seroconversion rate of 1.14 hundred person-years. The average age of the study population was 36.99 years. Eighty percent of the HIV positive partners were males Seventy-six out of 90 patients were educated at primary school level and above. Intravenous drug use was the main risk factor.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"91 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70807332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lalrammuana Hmar, Sarita Brahmacharimayum, Namganglung Golmei, M. Moirangthem, Shyamsunder Chongtham
Context: Bronchiolitis, the most common lower respiratory tract infection among infants and young children, is managed with a few clinically beneficial interventions. Hypertonic saline (HS) nebulization is suggested in the treatment of bronchiolitis, resulting in clinical improvement. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy 3% HS versus 0.9% normal saline (NS) as nebulization diluent in children between 3 months and 2 years with acute bronchiolitis. Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, 158 admitted children between 3 months and 2 years with acute bronchiolitis were assigned into two groups – 3% HS and NS. Outcome variables were improvement in clinical severity (CS) score and length of hospital stay (LOS). Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, standard deviation, and percentages were used. Chi-square and t-tests were used to determine associations. Data analysis was performed using SPSS IBM version 21. Results: Baseline CS scores were similar – 3.98 ± 1.20 and 3.75 ± 1.06 for HS and NS groups (P = 0.209), respectively, but from the 2nd day of treatment, it decreased to 2.21 ± 1.10 for HS and 3.05 ± 1.17 for NS group (P ≤ 0.001), further reducing to 1.46 ± 0.63 for HS group and 2.01 ± 0.99 for NS group (P ≤ 0.001). Length of stay was also reduced: 4.98 ± 1.35 for the HS group compared to 5.84 ± 1.18 for the NS group (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Using 3% HS instead of NS as a diluent for nebulization decreases clinical symptoms acute bronchiolitis besides the length of hospital stay.
背景:毛细支气管炎是婴幼儿中最常见的下呼吸道感染，通过一些临床有益的干预措施进行治疗。高渗生理盐水(HS)雾化治疗细支气管炎，疗效显著。目的:本研究的目的是比较3% HS与0.9%生理盐水(NS)作为雾化器稀释剂对3个月至2岁急性毛细支气管炎患儿的疗效。材料和方法:在这项前瞻性随机对照研究中，158名3个月至2岁的急性细支气管炎患儿被分为两组:3% HS组和3% NS组。结果变量为临床严重程度(CS)评分和住院时间(LOS)的改善。使用了描述性统计，如平均值、中位数、标准差和百分比。采用卡方检验和t检验确定相关性。使用SPSS IBM version 21进行数据分析。结果:HS组和NS组的CS基线评分相似，分别为3.98±1.20和3.75±1.06 (P = 0.209)，但从治疗第2天开始，HS组CS基线评分分别降至2.21±1.10和3.05±1.17 (P≤0.001)，HS组CS基线评分进一步降至1.46±0.63和2.01±0.99 (P≤0.001)。HS组的住院时间为4.98±1.35,NS组为5.84±1.18 (P≤0.001)。结论:用3% HS代替NS作为稀释剂雾化治疗急性毛细支气管炎，可减少临床症状，缩短住院时间。
{"title":"Comparison of 3% saline versus normal saline as a diluent for nebulization in hospitalized children with acute bronchiolitis: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Lalrammuana Hmar, Sarita Brahmacharimayum, Namganglung Golmei, M. Moirangthem, Shyamsunder Chongtham","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_43_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_43_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Bronchiolitis, the most common lower respiratory tract infection among infants and young children, is managed with a few clinically beneficial interventions. Hypertonic saline (HS) nebulization is suggested in the treatment of bronchiolitis, resulting in clinical improvement. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy 3% HS versus 0.9% normal saline (NS) as nebulization diluent in children between 3 months and 2 years with acute bronchiolitis. Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, 158 admitted children between 3 months and 2 years with acute bronchiolitis were assigned into two groups – 3% HS and NS. Outcome variables were improvement in clinical severity (CS) score and length of hospital stay (LOS). Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, standard deviation, and percentages were used. Chi-square and t-tests were used to determine associations. Data analysis was performed using SPSS IBM version 21. Results: Baseline CS scores were similar – 3.98 ± 1.20 and 3.75 ± 1.06 for HS and NS groups (P = 0.209), respectively, but from the 2nd day of treatment, it decreased to 2.21 ± 1.10 for HS and 3.05 ± 1.17 for NS group (P ≤ 0.001), further reducing to 1.46 ± 0.63 for HS group and 2.01 ± 0.99 for NS group (P ≤ 0.001). Length of stay was also reduced: 4.98 ± 1.35 for the HS group compared to 5.84 ± 1.18 for the NS group (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Using 3% HS instead of NS as a diluent for nebulization decreases clinical symptoms acute bronchiolitis besides the length of hospital stay.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"86 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47207552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Dhillon, Suneeta Singh, H. Dhillon, S. Sasidharan
Background: Preterm birth is the leading cause of death among neonates and children under 5 years of age with long-term adverse sequelae in the survivors. Vitamin D is being increasingly researched for its protective effect against the risk for preterm births due to its role in immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory processes. An observational study was undertaken to study the relationship between maternal serum Vitamin D levels during peripartum period and the risk for preterm birth. Materials and Methods: This study employed a cross sectional design in a tertiary care center on 569 patients to study the relationship between maternal serum Vitamin D levels and risk of preterm births. Results: A total of 569 samples of maternal and neonatal serum were analyzed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels. Four hundred and sixty-four (81.54%) mothers had Vitamin D sufficient (VDS) levels ≥30 ng/ml and 105 (18.45%) had Vitamin D deficient (VDD) levels <30 ng/ml. Out of the total 569 deliveries, 501 (88.04%) occurred at term (≥37 weeks' period of gestation) and 68 (11.95%) were preterm (<37 weeks' period of gestation). The incidence of preterm births was 10.77% in the VDS group as compared to 17.14% in the VDD group (P = 0.038). The mean cord blood 25(OH) D level of preterm neonates was 12.68 ng/ml (standard deviation [SD] 3.85, range 7.9–22) and term neonates was 13.63 ng/ml (SD 3.76, range 8.2–27) (P = 0.035). Conclusion: The rate of preterm delivery was 1.59 times higher in mothers with Vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, the mean cord blood Vitamin D levels were higher in term newborns.
{"title":"A study of relationship between maternal serum vitamin D levels during pregnancy and risk of preterm births","authors":"G. Dhillon, Suneeta Singh, H. Dhillon, S. Sasidharan","doi":"10.4103/jms.jms_50_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jms.jms_50_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preterm birth is the leading cause of death among neonates and children under 5 years of age with long-term adverse sequelae in the survivors. Vitamin D is being increasingly researched for its protective effect against the risk for preterm births due to its role in immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory processes. An observational study was undertaken to study the relationship between maternal serum Vitamin D levels during peripartum period and the risk for preterm birth. Materials and Methods: This study employed a cross sectional design in a tertiary care center on 569 patients to study the relationship between maternal serum Vitamin D levels and risk of preterm births. Results: A total of 569 samples of maternal and neonatal serum were analyzed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels. Four hundred and sixty-four (81.54%) mothers had Vitamin D sufficient (VDS) levels ≥30 ng/ml and 105 (18.45%) had Vitamin D deficient (VDD) levels <30 ng/ml. Out of the total 569 deliveries, 501 (88.04%) occurred at term (≥37 weeks' period of gestation) and 68 (11.95%) were preterm (<37 weeks' period of gestation). The incidence of preterm births was 10.77% in the VDS group as compared to 17.14% in the VDD group (P = 0.038). The mean cord blood 25(OH) D level of preterm neonates was 12.68 ng/ml (standard deviation [SD] 3.85, range 7.9–22) and term neonates was 13.63 ng/ml (SD 3.76, range 8.2–27) (P = 0.035). Conclusion: The rate of preterm delivery was 1.59 times higher in mothers with Vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, the mean cord blood Vitamin D levels were higher in term newborns.","PeriodicalId":39636,"journal":{"name":"JMS - Journal of Medical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"25 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47343081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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