Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2023.2196121
Antonio José Mezcua López
ABSTRACT The present article has the aim of examining the relationship between the landscape culture of Hangzhou’s West Lake and the world of Late Ming courtesans. This will analyse how the landscape culture was ambiguous toward the world of courtesans. On one hand it reinforced the values of that world, providing a network of spaces and activities for their implementation; on the other it offered ways in which such values could be questioned or even used by the courtesans themselves to progress in the world of culture, abandoning their status for a more socially acceptable one.
{"title":"Late Ming Xizi Lake: the courtesan world in the landscape culture of the West Lake","authors":"Antonio José Mezcua López","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2023.2196121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2023.2196121","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present article has the aim of examining the relationship between the landscape culture of Hangzhou’s West Lake and the world of Late Ming courtesans. This will analyse how the landscape culture was ambiguous toward the world of courtesans. On one hand it reinforced the values of that world, providing a network of spaces and activities for their implementation; on the other it offered ways in which such values could be questioned or even used by the courtesans themselves to progress in the world of culture, abandoning their status for a more socially acceptable one.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"44 1","pages":"61 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45213662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2023.2196144
D. Hooke
England. Public awareness and appreciation of wildlife has also increased but ‘Most people probably do not make a connection between human numbers and wildlife declines’ (p. 209) and the greatest cause of problems has not always been faced: ‘most of the activities damaging wildlife in Britain today are strongly influenced by a single primary cause, notably the sheer number of people now living on this small group of crowded islands’ (p. 40). Studies are presented here of other parts of the world — in some parts of the world improving conditions such as female literacy and higher standards of living have lowered birth rates and checked population explosions, backed up by government policies. But this problem is not always recognised in Britain and there are no population policies currently in existence, unlike the situation in some other European countries. The author argues that we have a moral obligation to face facts — our numbers are not self-sustainable, we sequester unfairly ‘large amounts of global resources, inevitably at the expense of poorer, developing nations’ (p. 248). Although efforts have been made to curb immigration we have no policies to encourage people to limit their family size while income review would require a revolution in political will. In the meantime, ‘there has been no let-up in the downward trajectory of wildlife in Britain, leaving the country one of the most nature-depleted in the world’ (p. 254). (The 2019 State of Nature report noted how 41 per cent of the UK wildlife species have declined, with 133 species assessed as having been lost ‘from our shores’ since 1500. Some 26 per cent of mammals risk disappearing altogether, particularly the Wild Cat and Greater Mouse-eared Bat. A recent BBC report claimed that one in seven wildlife species were now facing extinction. The State of Nature report regarded pollution as a major factor — something the author feels is not the whole story’...). A recent Israeli study has confirmed that the ‘mass of humanity is greater than all land mammals left in the wild’ (The Times, 2 March, 2023), reflecting the scale of humanity’s impact. Clearly the author, an Emeritus Professor in the University of Sussex, feels passionate about this subject and fears that not enough people consider seriously the present situation. The book presents his views clearly and concisely with well-researched background studies from across the world. It is well illustrated with some delightful colour photographs. Moreover it is an interesting and compelling read presenting a problem of maximum importance. The conclusion is incontrovertible: ‘even current numbers are not sustainable in the long term’ (p. 179) ... ‘human numbers are already too high for long-term sustainability’ (p. 229).
{"title":"Landscape Research","authors":"D. Hooke","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2023.2196144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2023.2196144","url":null,"abstract":"England. Public awareness and appreciation of wildlife has also increased but ‘Most people probably do not make a connection between human numbers and wildlife declines’ (p. 209) and the greatest cause of problems has not always been faced: ‘most of the activities damaging wildlife in Britain today are strongly influenced by a single primary cause, notably the sheer number of people now living on this small group of crowded islands’ (p. 40). Studies are presented here of other parts of the world — in some parts of the world improving conditions such as female literacy and higher standards of living have lowered birth rates and checked population explosions, backed up by government policies. But this problem is not always recognised in Britain and there are no population policies currently in existence, unlike the situation in some other European countries. The author argues that we have a moral obligation to face facts — our numbers are not self-sustainable, we sequester unfairly ‘large amounts of global resources, inevitably at the expense of poorer, developing nations’ (p. 248). Although efforts have been made to curb immigration we have no policies to encourage people to limit their family size while income review would require a revolution in political will. In the meantime, ‘there has been no let-up in the downward trajectory of wildlife in Britain, leaving the country one of the most nature-depleted in the world’ (p. 254). (The 2019 State of Nature report noted how 41 per cent of the UK wildlife species have declined, with 133 species assessed as having been lost ‘from our shores’ since 1500. Some 26 per cent of mammals risk disappearing altogether, particularly the Wild Cat and Greater Mouse-eared Bat. A recent BBC report claimed that one in seven wildlife species were now facing extinction. The State of Nature report regarded pollution as a major factor — something the author feels is not the whole story’...). A recent Israeli study has confirmed that the ‘mass of humanity is greater than all land mammals left in the wild’ (The Times, 2 March, 2023), reflecting the scale of humanity’s impact. Clearly the author, an Emeritus Professor in the University of Sussex, feels passionate about this subject and fears that not enough people consider seriously the present situation. The book presents his views clearly and concisely with well-researched background studies from across the world. It is well illustrated with some delightful colour photographs. Moreover it is an interesting and compelling read presenting a problem of maximum importance. The conclusion is incontrovertible: ‘even current numbers are not sustainable in the long term’ (p. 179) ... ‘human numbers are already too high for long-term sustainability’ (p. 229).","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"44 1","pages":"158 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44335213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2023.2196125
Martin Kerby, M. Baguley
ABSTRACT Although the Great War made extraordinarily complex demands on the nations involved, it is the landscape of the battlefield which has continued to dominate contemporary perceptions of the conflict. Australian and English children’s picture book authors and illustrators have adopted a similar focus, particularly regarding the Western Front. It is the illustrators, however, who have the more complex task, for they have inherited an aesthetic issue that has challenged artists since 1914. Like the British, Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand official war artists of the time, they are confronted, at every turn, by the challenge of depicting a surreally empty landscape. It was not so much a landscape as the artists understood it before the war, but rather an anti-landscape, as though the war had annihilated Nature. What was left was a dystopian wilderness that bore witness to the destructive power of industrialised warfare. This article will explore how a selection of Australian and English children’s picture book illustrators respond to the emptiness of the battlefield landscape, or as Becca Weir so evocatively characterises it, the paradox of measurable nothingness.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2023.2196129
Richard L. W. Clarke
{"title":"Landscapes of the Norman Conquest (Pen & Sword Archaeology, Barnsley, 2022)","authors":"Richard L. W. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2023.2196129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2023.2196129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"44 1","pages":"143 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2023.2196142
Della Hooke
{"title":"<i>Changing Approaches to Local History. Warwickshire history and its historians</i> (The Boydell Press, 2022)","authors":"Della Hooke","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2023.2196142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2023.2196142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135754721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2023.2196138
H. Cook
encountered when attempts are made to preserve landscapes. Many orchard landscapes are neither ancient nor traditional: rather they are a product of the significant economic expansion of the Victorian and Edwardian periods, resulting in the ‘orchard century’ defined in the book. Whilst orchards are a part of the historic landscape, they are not a longestablished feature. The book closes with recognition that further research is necessary and acknowledges that this may result in a need to re-write parts of the book. Finally, Barnes and Williamson present some reflective thoughts on the benefits, or otherwise, of the current trends towards re-wilding. The book does contain several typographical errors, for example ‘750 centimetres’ rather than ‘75 centimetres’ (p. 149), and ‘supress’ rather than ‘suppress’ (pp. 29, 44 and 102). There is also a curious reference to the ‘Vale of Pershore’ (p. 35), as opposed to the usual collective term of the ‘Vale of Evesham’ for the fruit-growing parishes of the area: the text also places Evesham and Pershore in Worcestershire on pages 76–7, but in Gloucestershire on page 149. Overall, this is a well-produced book with ample colour illustrations and presents a useful summary on the subject of English orchards, in particular the consideration of the four different types of orchards and a comparison of orchard development between the three key regions of orchard landscapes in England.
{"title":"The Women who saved the English Countryside (Yale University Press, London, 2022)","authors":"H. Cook","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2023.2196138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2023.2196138","url":null,"abstract":"encountered when attempts are made to preserve landscapes. Many orchard landscapes are neither ancient nor traditional: rather they are a product of the significant economic expansion of the Victorian and Edwardian periods, resulting in the ‘orchard century’ defined in the book. Whilst orchards are a part of the historic landscape, they are not a longestablished feature. The book closes with recognition that further research is necessary and acknowledges that this may result in a need to re-write parts of the book. Finally, Barnes and Williamson present some reflective thoughts on the benefits, or otherwise, of the current trends towards re-wilding. The book does contain several typographical errors, for example ‘750 centimetres’ rather than ‘75 centimetres’ (p. 149), and ‘supress’ rather than ‘suppress’ (pp. 29, 44 and 102). There is also a curious reference to the ‘Vale of Pershore’ (p. 35), as opposed to the usual collective term of the ‘Vale of Evesham’ for the fruit-growing parishes of the area: the text also places Evesham and Pershore in Worcestershire on pages 76–7, but in Gloucestershire on page 149. Overall, this is a well-produced book with ample colour illustrations and presents a useful summary on the subject of English orchards, in particular the consideration of the four different types of orchards and a comparison of orchard development between the three key regions of orchard landscapes in England.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"44 1","pages":"150 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45371366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2023.2196127
Ziad AbuOwda, Z. Aslan, Ahmed Rjoub
ABSTRACT Watchtowers, also called huts, manatir, qussur, ezab, araaiesh, siear, are architectural structures built of drystone without mortar overlooking the cultivated lands. They contribute to the ultimate formation of a unique cultural landscape evolved from the proper adaptation of land for agriculture using special systemisation, and to the inscription of the site named: ‘Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines, Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem on the World Heritage List’ (WHL). The inappropriate state of conservation of the watchtowers, among other factors, resulted in causing the whole property to be on the UNESCO’s WHL in-danger since 2014 until the present. This research documented fifty watchtowers out of approximately 259 distributed over 13 square kilometres within the World Heritage Property (WHP). It also included a practical conservation project for twenty watchtowers selected upon a scientific multi-disciplinary approach after a field survey, literature review, assessment of previous conservation interventions, and direct observations based on the international related guidelines. The project succeeded in the conservation of twenty watchtowers and the revitalisation of the lands associated with them. The results of the project were investigated in terms of the commitment of conservation rules in particular: Documentation, Reversibility, Authenticity, Distinguishability, Adaptive reuse, Cultural Landscape, and Human Dimension.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2023.2196143
D. Hooke
{"title":"Impacts of Human Population on Wildlife (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2022)","authors":"D. Hooke","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2023.2196143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2023.2196143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"44 1","pages":"157 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48773350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2023.2196139
J. Burchardt
end so save Parliament Hill Fields, as well as many commons whose names will be familiar (Wandsworth, Tooting, Barnes, and Mousehold Heath in Norwich). Octavia Hill also enabled the National Trust to acquire attractive areas in Kent and Surrey that had become accessible by train from London. While Beatrix Potter protected the Lake District landscape, including aesthetic considerations around conserving its small farms (William Wordsworth is referenced, naturally), Pauline Dower and Sylvia Sayer directly addressed land use conflicts. Dower was concerned with defining a Northumberland National Park/ Kielder Forest, and Sayer developing, and protecting, Dartmoor National Park. It is most gratifying that Hadrian’s Wall forms one focus for the Northumberland National Park! However, we read about the dispute of including Kielder Forest within a National Park setting, and eventually it would be designated a ‘Forest Park’, the modern ‘Kielder Water and Forest Park’; noting the area would subsequently have its very own reservoir in Kielder Water. We are reminded of those very twentieth-century conflicts between local government, national parks authorities, state agencies (notably the Forestry Commission), voluntary bodies, and agricultural interests in the English uplands. Sylvia Sawyer’s concerns were similar. If the battle in Northumberland concerned agricultural development and afforestation, her Dartmoor concerns were similar, with added military training areas and reservoir development. Chair of the Dartmoor Preservation Association, her own battles included opposition to the creation of the Meldon reservoir, although many others had been created. Sylvia Sawyer opposed the advance of commercial forestry and helped to restrict military training on the north side of the Moor from the 1970s, thereby improving access. She furthermore dismissed arguments about whether the landscape is ‘natural or man-made’, a prescient stance! The final chapter references other writers in the field, particularly Marion Shoard, the contemporary Cumbrian sheep farmer James Rebanks, but sadly not John Sheail. Providing context is a strength of this work. Influences discussed include Liberal, Socialist, Marxist, Unitarian, and Anglican. Even if one subscribes to the Great Man Theory of History (sic) espoused by Thomas Carlyle, the omission of women is but one elephant in the room. Matthew Kelly effectively compensates this by dissecting not only the attitudes of the time, but also their predilections towards authority, ownership, political and religious background, and naturally issues around class. It is interestingly toe-curling to read of Hill’s attitudes to the ‘working class’ versus her perceived needs of the more affluent members of society. More than that, Sylvia Sayer, who held a title, expressed a certain snootiness to the dwellers within ‘Subtopia’, a pejorative term that apparently refers to the worst aspects of (cluttered) suburban development and to its occupants
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