Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2021.1999022
A. Jotischky
the Breckland and Norfolk Goodsands. The wide variety of forms in the Middle Ages, the subsequent narrowing and evolution of the system, and the difficulties of reconstructing these features and changes, help to explain why it has baffled historians for so long. Belcher cuts through the complexity with effective descriptions of the main variants and precise assessments of the principal changes over time. He shows that the foldcourse was only found in places characterised by light soils, irregular open commonfield systems with scattered individual holdings, extensive pastures, and nucleated settle ment. He confirms these defining traits through a case study of the Suffolk Sandlings, which possessed hardly any recorded foldcourses, even though it contained exactly the types of sandy soils, irregular open fields and heathland pastures that were home to foldcourse husbandry elsewhere in East Anglia. But the Sandlings were also characterised by a highly fragmented manorial structure, dispersed settlement, limited communal cropping and fallowing practices and extensive salt marshes as an alternative source of pasture, all of which diminished the utility of the foldcourse to local agriculture. Agricultural improvement in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries resulted in the engrossment and consolidation of estates, and the more intensive use of pastures, on the Norfolk Good Sands, consolidating the open and planned landscape. The acidity of the soils in the Breckland were less amenable to improvement, and so the region retained the extensive and distinctive lowland heathlands that had characterised the region since at least the eleventh century. Indeed, the close grazing of sheep and rabbits was essential to maintaining this landscape feature. Thus, the heaths and other topographical features of the modern Breckland preserve important elements of its medieval landscape, and the principles of foldcourse husbandry provide basic guidance on how to manage the modern landscape of this exceptional region. Late twentieth-century farming practice here had become too homogenous, and conservationists now recognise the vitality of the dynamic, episodic and disruptive practices in preserving the Breckland landscape...the precise characteristics of the foldcourse. Those old farmers knew a thing or two after all. Indeed, Belcher cites one ‘improving’ landlord who had confided to Arthur Young that he wished he had left one Breckland common well alone. The book is well structured, written and illustrated. It draws upon a vast array of sources over nine centuries and from many places, yet raises its sights above the locality to place the material within wider debates about open fields and the evolution of the landscape. It is a distinguished addition to the scholarship on English field systems and landscape history.
{"title":"Burnham Norton Friary: perspectives on the Carmelites in Norfolk, England","authors":"A. Jotischky","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1999022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1999022","url":null,"abstract":"the Breckland and Norfolk Goodsands. The wide variety of forms in the Middle Ages, the subsequent narrowing and evolution of the system, and the difficulties of reconstructing these features and changes, help to explain why it has baffled historians for so long. Belcher cuts through the complexity with effective descriptions of the main variants and precise assessments of the principal changes over time. He shows that the foldcourse was only found in places characterised by light soils, irregular open commonfield systems with scattered individual holdings, extensive pastures, and nucleated settle ment. He confirms these defining traits through a case study of the Suffolk Sandlings, which possessed hardly any recorded foldcourses, even though it contained exactly the types of sandy soils, irregular open fields and heathland pastures that were home to foldcourse husbandry elsewhere in East Anglia. But the Sandlings were also characterised by a highly fragmented manorial structure, dispersed settlement, limited communal cropping and fallowing practices and extensive salt marshes as an alternative source of pasture, all of which diminished the utility of the foldcourse to local agriculture. Agricultural improvement in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries resulted in the engrossment and consolidation of estates, and the more intensive use of pastures, on the Norfolk Good Sands, consolidating the open and planned landscape. The acidity of the soils in the Breckland were less amenable to improvement, and so the region retained the extensive and distinctive lowland heathlands that had characterised the region since at least the eleventh century. Indeed, the close grazing of sheep and rabbits was essential to maintaining this landscape feature. Thus, the heaths and other topographical features of the modern Breckland preserve important elements of its medieval landscape, and the principles of foldcourse husbandry provide basic guidance on how to manage the modern landscape of this exceptional region. Late twentieth-century farming practice here had become too homogenous, and conservationists now recognise the vitality of the dynamic, episodic and disruptive practices in preserving the Breckland landscape...the precise characteristics of the foldcourse. Those old farmers knew a thing or two after all. Indeed, Belcher cites one ‘improving’ landlord who had confided to Arthur Young that he wished he had left one Breckland common well alone. The book is well structured, written and illustrated. It draws upon a vast array of sources over nine centuries and from many places, yet raises its sights above the locality to place the material within wider debates about open fields and the evolution of the landscape. It is a distinguished addition to the scholarship on English field systems and landscape history.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"141 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45995740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2021.1928899
O. Creighton
It is the first word in the title of Ryan Lavelle’s splendid and weighty new monograph on conflict and rebellion in the medieval world that stands out as signalling its potential interest to landsc...
{"title":"Places of Contested Power: conflict and rebellion in England and France, 830–1150","authors":"O. Creighton","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928899","url":null,"abstract":"It is the first word in the title of Ryan Lavelle’s splendid and weighty new monograph on conflict and rebellion in the medieval world that stands out as signalling its potential interest to landsc...","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":" ","pages":"147 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44536852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2021.1928891
D. Baird
{"title":"The Clay World of Çatalhöyük: A fine-grained perspective","authors":"D. Baird","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"141 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2021.1928897
D. Hooke
Largely arising from a session held at the 2018 annual meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists in Barcelona, this book aims to start a Europe-wide debate on the variety of relations a...
{"title":"Ecclesiastical Landscapes in Medieval Europe. An archaeological perspective","authors":"D. Hooke","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928897","url":null,"abstract":"Largely arising from a session held at the 2018 annual meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists in Barcelona, this book aims to start a Europe-wide debate on the variety of relations a...","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"146 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49633472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2021.1928889
Ivan Tekić, C. Watkins
ABSTRACT Reforestation has been one of the main forestry activities in the karst terrain of Dalmatia, Croatia, for more than a century. This paper examines the history behind reforestation schemes in Dalmatia, a kingdom at the periphery of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It explores how the ideas of Austrian foresters, based at the centre of Empire, were transmitted and put into practice. Late nineteenth-century forestry debates in contemporary forestry texts and the Šumarski list, the forestry journal published since 1877, are analysed and different narratives concerning the lack of woodland explored. The paper goes on to examine how reforestation of the karst was carried out in the region around Šibenik making use of local archives, historical maps, cadastral surveys, and photographs. Disputes between foresters and local villagers who wished to protect their grazing rights are uncovered and a link between the development of tourism and the selection of sites to be reforested is identified.
{"title":"Making Dalmatia green again: reforestation at the ‘horrible edge’ of Empire 1870–1918","authors":"Ivan Tekić, C. Watkins","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928889","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Reforestation has been one of the main forestry activities in the karst terrain of Dalmatia, Croatia, for more than a century. This paper examines the history behind reforestation schemes in Dalmatia, a kingdom at the periphery of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It explores how the ideas of Austrian foresters, based at the centre of Empire, were transmitted and put into practice. Late nineteenth-century forestry debates in contemporary forestry texts and the Šumarski list, the forestry journal published since 1877, are analysed and different narratives concerning the lack of woodland explored. The paper goes on to examine how reforestation of the karst was carried out in the region around Šibenik making use of local archives, historical maps, cadastral surveys, and photographs. Disputes between foresters and local villagers who wished to protect their grazing rights are uncovered and a link between the development of tourism and the selection of sites to be reforested is identified.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"99 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44294274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2021.1928905
J. Ward
This volume forms part of the Victoria County History’s account of Tendring Hundred in northeast Essex. Volume XI published in 2012 describes the seaside resorts of Clacton, Walton and Frinton from...
{"title":"A History of the County of Essex XII: St Osyth to the Naze: North-East Essex Coastal Parishes. Part I: St Osyth, Great and Little Clacton, Frinton, Great and Little Holland","authors":"J. Ward","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928905","url":null,"abstract":"This volume forms part of the Victoria County History’s account of Tendring Hundred in northeast Essex. Volume XI published in 2012 describes the seaside resorts of Clacton, Walton and Frinton from...","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"153 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48143506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2021.1928903
C. Watkins
The landscape history of the lower Wye Valley is a remarkably rich one with interlocking patterns of coal mining, charcoal production, iron smelting, quarrying, forestry, common lands, pastoralism ...
{"title":"Art Meets Ecology: The Arborealists in Lady Park Wood","authors":"C. Watkins","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928903","url":null,"abstract":"The landscape history of the lower Wye Valley is a remarkably rich one with interlocking patterns of coal mining, charcoal production, iron smelting, quarrying, forestry, common lands, pastoralism ...","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":" ","pages":"150 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44413507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2021.1928883
Hyung-suk Kim, W. Sim
ABSTRACT The Wolji Pond is part of an ancient palace garden belonging to the Gyeongju Historic Areas of Korea, designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000. The traditional pond is remarkable as it introduced a fresh-water supply and drainage systems to increase water circulation and prevent water from becoming stagnant thus negatively affecting its quality. This study is the first examination of the system used to improve water quality through water purification and illustrates how the water supply system at the site consists of four interconnected stages to ensure a stable oxygen supply and sufficient water circulation through the strategic placement of differently sized islands, and a drainage system that allows for the discharge of water from the ground floor. The study classifies the features and types of traditional Korean ponds and compares these to those found at the Wolji pond; followed by a water quality survey conducted through portable devices and a simulation of the water flow to highlight the uniquely advanced nature of the site, which clearly indicate that the ancient architects at Wolji had considerable knowledge of hydrodynamics as well as a keen aesthetic taste. The garden design at Wolji evidently took the passage of time into account as well as maintenance after completion and has much to inspire and influence modern landscape architects. The purpose of the study is to consider and develop aspects of the ancient water purification system that can be incorporated into modern garden design to solve contemporary water quality problems.
{"title":"Ancient Palace Gardens of Korea: the water purification system of Wolji Pond, a world heritage site","authors":"Hyung-suk Kim, W. Sim","doi":"10.1080/01433768.2021.1928883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2021.1928883","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Wolji Pond is part of an ancient palace garden belonging to the Gyeongju Historic Areas of Korea, designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000. The traditional pond is remarkable as it introduced a fresh-water supply and drainage systems to increase water circulation and prevent water from becoming stagnant thus negatively affecting its quality. This study is the first examination of the system used to improve water quality through water purification and illustrates how the water supply system at the site consists of four interconnected stages to ensure a stable oxygen supply and sufficient water circulation through the strategic placement of differently sized islands, and a drainage system that allows for the discharge of water from the ground floor. The study classifies the features and types of traditional Korean ponds and compares these to those found at the Wolji pond; followed by a water quality survey conducted through portable devices and a simulation of the water flow to highlight the uniquely advanced nature of the site, which clearly indicate that the ancient architects at Wolji had considerable knowledge of hydrodynamics as well as a keen aesthetic taste. The garden design at Wolji evidently took the passage of time into account as well as maintenance after completion and has much to inspire and influence modern landscape architects. The purpose of the study is to consider and develop aspects of the ancient water purification system that can be incorporated into modern garden design to solve contemporary water quality problems.","PeriodicalId":39639,"journal":{"name":"Landscape History","volume":"42 1","pages":"5 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42674996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：