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Why are some animals popular with wildlife tourists: insights from South Africa 为什么有些动物受到野生动物游客的欢迎:来自南非的见解
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.2019261
J. R. Mangachena, C. Pickering
ABSTRACT Wildlife tourism is an important type of ecotourism including in South Africa. We considered how the aesthetic value theory can be applied to wildlife tourism by assessing the relative popularity of species with tourists in South Africa and which traits predicted popularity. When data from six published visitor surveys across seven protected areas were combined, we found that only 26 species out of 299 mammals and 850 + birds were selected by 2245 tourists. Elephant (48%), black and white rhinos (36%), lion (36%), cheetah (35%) and giraffe (34%) were the most popular in these visitor surveys with similar results reported in data from destination marketing and social media, but not wildlife auctions. When 13 species traits were assessed using ordinations and Generalised Linear Models, traits associated with specific aesthetics were important as large mammals that use open vegetation, with highly contrasting coat colours and/or are fluffy were most popular. Given the diversity of animals in South Africa, those responsible for wildlife tourism opportunities could diversify the types of species used in marketing to better match animals likely to be encountered in the wild, enhancing repeat visitor experiences while promoting the conservation of more species in the region.
摘要野生动物旅游是包括南非在内的一种重要的生态旅游类型。我们通过评估物种在南非游客中的相对受欢迎程度以及哪些特征可以预测受欢迎程度,来考虑如何将美学价值理论应用于野生动物旅游。当将七个保护区六项已公布的游客调查数据结合起来时,我们发现299种哺乳动物中只有26种,850种 + 2245名游客挑选了这些鸟。大象(48%)、黑白犀牛(36%)、狮子(36%),猎豹(35%)和长颈鹿(34%)在这些游客调查中最受欢迎,目的地营销和社交媒体的数据中报告了类似的结果,但野生动物拍卖没有报告。当使用坐标和广义线性模型评估13个物种的特征时,与特定美学相关的特征很重要,因为使用开放植被、具有高度对比的毛色和/或蓬松的大型哺乳动物最受欢迎。鉴于南非动物的多样性,负责野生动物旅游机会的人可以使营销中使用的物种类型多样化,以更好地匹配野外可能遇到的动物,增强游客的体验,同时促进该地区更多物种的保护。
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引用次数: 5
The influence of motivation on birdwatcher satisfaction and destination loyalty: the case of Hornøya, Norway 动机对观鸟者满意度和目的地忠诚度的影响——以挪威霍恩雅为例
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-26 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.2016776
Hilde Nikoline Hambro Dybsand, S. Stensland, Ø. Aas
ABSTRACT Research on motivation among birdwatchers and the relationships between motivation, satisfaction and destination loyalty may provide further insight into this subgroup of wildlife tourism participants. Research on other forms of wildlife tourism suggest that motivation can be a useful segmentation tool and have effects on participants’ overall experiences, satisfaction and loyalty. Using a survey (n =248) of visitors to Hornøya in Norway, we investigated motivation’s potential as a segmentation tool in this setting, and motivation’s influence on birdwatcher satisfaction and destination loyalty, applying cluster-, factor-, and multiple regression analyses. Three distinct groups of birdwatchers were identified, and results indicated that although the main motivations to visit were to experience birds and nature, the importance of other motivational factors varied between clusters. Moreover, significant positive relationships were found between the motivational factor of experience birds and overall satisfaction and between the motivational factor of experience nature and destination loyalty. We conclude that facilitating and promoting such experiences should be a priority for managers of birdwatching sites, and that there are some variations when it comes to motivation, even among relatively specialized birdwatchers.
摘要研究观鸟者的动机以及动机、满意度和目的地忠诚度之间的关系,可以进一步深入了解这一野生动物旅游参与者群体。对其他形式的野生动物旅游的研究表明,动机可以成为一种有用的细分工具,并对参与者的整体体验、满意度和忠诚度产生影响。通过对挪威Hornøya的游客进行调查(n=248),我们应用聚类、因子和多元回归分析,研究了动机在这种情况下作为细分工具的潜力,以及动机对观鸟者满意度和目的地忠诚度的影响。确定了三组不同的观鸟者,结果表明,尽管参观的主要动机是体验鸟类和自然,但其他动机因素的重要性在各组之间有所不同。此外,体验鸟的动机因素与整体满意度、体验自然的动机因素和目的地忠诚度之间存在显著的正相关关系。我们的结论是,促进和推广这种体验应该是观鸟场所管理者的优先事项,在动机方面也有一些差异,即使是在相对专业的观鸟者中也是如此。
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引用次数: 4
Gibbon focused tourism as a conservation tool: the behavioural response of Skywalker hoolock gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) to tourists 以长臂猿为重点的旅游保护工具:天行者胡洛克长臂猿(胡洛克天行)对游客的行为反应
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.2003370
Jessica L. Williams, A. Behie, Pengfei Fan
ABSTRACT Biodiversity is declining in part due to destructive and unsustainable human activity. Nature-based tourism, informed by scientific data, has the potential to replace some income generated by unsustainable practices. We observed two groups of Hoolock tianxing gibbons – one exposed to tourists and the other to small research teams – at Gaoligong National Nature Reserve, China. We found that H. tianxing gibbons spent significantly more time scanning and less time resting in the presence of tourists, and that these effects were amplified by the number of tourists. We did not find a difference in overall daily activity budgets of individuals exposed to tourism compared to individuals exposed to research teams, suggesting that behavioural changes are currently restricted to periods when tourists are present. Gibbon-focused tourism programs have the potential to contribute to conservation efforts and our study demonstrates that programs informed by scientific research can be an ethical and sustainable conservation tool.
摘要生物多样性正在下降,部分原因是破坏性和不可持续的人类活动。根据科学数据,以自然为基础的旅游业有可能取代不可持续做法产生的一些收入。我们在中国高黎贡国家级自然保护区观察到了两组Hoolock天行长臂猿,一组暴露在游客面前,另一组则暴露在小型研究团队面前。我们发现,天行长臂猿在游客面前扫描的时间明显更长,休息的时间更少,而且游客的数量放大了这些影响。我们没有发现,与研究团队接触的个人相比,接触旅游业的个人的总体日常活动预算有差异,这表明目前行为变化仅限于游客出现的时期。以吉本为重点的旅游项目有可能为保护工作做出贡献,我们的研究表明,以科学研究为基础的项目可以成为一种道德和可持续的保护工具。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable recreational trail design from the recreational opportunity spectrum and trail user perception: a case study of the Seven Hanging Valleys 从休闲机会谱和步道使用者感知看可持续的休闲步道设计——以七个悬空山谷为例
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.2004153
Goda Lukoseviciute, L. N. Pereira, T. Panagopoulos
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引用次数: 8
Community participation towards conservation of Touran National Park (TNP): an application of reciprocal altruism theory 图安国家公园社区参与保护:互惠利他主义理论的应用
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-24 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.1991934
Z. Ghaderi, M. Esfehani, D. Fennell, Elham Shahabi
ABSTRACT Past research linking tourism and reciprocal altruism (RA), although meagre, has typically focused on relationships between hosts and guests. To broaden the application of RA in tourism, the current study focuses specifically on a local community and their participation in conserving national park assets. Face-to-face interviews with 39 local stakeholders were conducted in Iran to investigate how locals' altruistic behaviours contribute to the conservation of Touran National Park. The results demonstrate that while altruism motives such as satisfying a moral obligation to support the environment, protecting wildlife, and doing something positive for the community were cited as the main reason for conservation cooperation for NGOs and environmentalists, self-interest was the main reason for conservation cooperation motives amongst tourism business operators in conserving the park. This study also showed that locals' altruistic behaviour is an important and influential factor in protecting valuable natural resources.
摘要过去关于旅游业和互惠利他主义(RA)的研究虽然很少,但通常集中在主人和客人之间的关系上。为了扩大RA在旅游业中的应用,目前的研究特别关注当地社区及其对保护国家公园资产的参与。在伊朗,对39名当地利益相关者进行了面对面采访,以调查当地人的无私行为如何有助于图兰国家公园的保护。结果表明,尽管利他主义动机,如满足支持环境的道德义务、保护野生动物和为社区做一些积极的事情,被认为是非政府组织和环保主义者进行保护合作的主要原因,自身利益是旅游经营者在保护公园时出于保护合作动机的主要原因。这项研究还表明,当地人的利他主义行为是保护宝贵自然资源的重要影响因素。
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引用次数: 8
The potential for expansion of whale shark (Rhincodon typus) tourism in St. Helena: stakeholder engagement and willingness to pay 圣赫勒拿岛鲸鲨(Rhincodon typus)旅游扩展的潜力:利益相关者的参与和支付意愿
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.1971684
J. Drew, Kenickie Andrews, Ness Smith
ABSTRACT Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) tourism is increasingly popular wherever the species occur, including a fledgling industry on the South Atlantic island of St. Helena. We interviewed 154 people to elicit the social and economic value of whale shark tourism on the island. Additionally, 77 survey participants were queried about their willingness to pay, 32% of those responding indicated that they would be willing to pay at least £10 more, a 20% increase from existing charges. Tourists also supported the concept that the local population should pay less for whale shark snorkel tours. Perceptions among visitors and locals were that the marine environment was well managed on St. Helena and that protecting it was important. Results from this study could help inform St. Helena Government policy and support MWT operators on the island to further develop a sustainable and equitable whale shark tourism industry.
鲸鲨(Rhincodon typus)旅游越来越受欢迎,无论该物种出现在哪里,包括南大西洋圣赫勒拿岛的新兴产业。我们采访了154人,以引出岛上鲸鲨旅游的社会和经济价值。此外,77名调查参与者被问及他们的支付意愿,32%的受访者表示他们愿意至少多支付10英镑,比现有费用增加20%。游客们还支持当地居民应该为鲸鲨潜水游支付更少的费用。游客和当地人的看法是,圣赫勒拿岛的海洋环境管理良好,保护海洋环境很重要。这项研究的结果可以帮助圣赫勒拿岛政府制定政策,并支持岛上的MWT运营商进一步发展可持续和公平的鲸鲨旅游业。
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引用次数: 1
Observing wildlife in tropical forests: 1 a geosemeiotic approach 观察热带森林中的野生动物:1地质生态方法
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-05 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.1971239
R. Dowling
Wildlife tourism has been the subject of a number of books over the past 25 years. They include contributions by Shackley (1996), Newsome et al. (2005) and Green (2013). This book is very different and its author describes his vision for it in the Preface. He says it stems from some original research in Barro Colorado Island, Panama, which investigated aspects of wildlife observation amongst tourists visiting tropical forests, as well as other kinds of ecosystems. He notes that this is the topic of this book with a second to engage in a genealogical inquiry, which is to say a ‘history of the present’ of wildlife observation amongst tourists on the Island. Both aspects of the investigation involve ‘geosemeiotics of wildlife observation – a transdisciplinary inquiry that articulates geographic, semeiotic, ecological and socio-anthropological perspectives on wildlife observation’. Elliot’s research on visitors observing wildlife in the forests uncovered some interesting findings. A key one was that many of the visitors expected to not only find a forest that was teeming with ‘charismatic’ fauna, that is, the larger mammals, reptiles and snakes, but also to have close encounters with them. With the numerous nature programs on television and streaming services on offer, it is understandable that the viewing public assumes that the encounters being shown upclose on their screens is what they will enjoy whilst wildlife watching. Yet many programs may film wildlife in the wild for up to one year for a single one-hour documentary program. This then heightens the expectations of the wildlife tourist and often leaves them disappointed when their viewing and/or encounter experience does not match what they saw on the screen at home. The book takes the reader on a journey through 14 chapters in 4 parts. The first part covers Perceptions of Wildlife from a range of ‘Positivist Perspectives’. Chapters are included on The Rules of Positivism; Sociobiology and Biophilia; The Computation of Vision; and Ecological Psychology and Direct Perception. Overall the author notes that there are different techniques of observation and for some, it is both a collaborative and instituted process. The second part of the book outlines Signs of Wildlife Observation from ‘SemeioticPhenomenological Perspectives’ Chapters are included on Peircian Pragmatism; Semeiotic Logic and Phenomenology; and Types and Classes of Signs. From a Peircian perspective, wildlife observation is all about the detection and the interpretation of signs. But wildlife observation is more than that and Elliott suggests that it also includes a dynamic mode, which includes a reaction to the viewing as well as a ‘mediate’mode which are signs that there is something to observe and therefore the observed wildlife actually exists. The third part describes Assemblages of Wildlife Observation from ‘Sociological-Philosophical Perspectives’. Chapters describe Cultural Practice; Body, Biopower and Situation; and Mode
在过去的25年里,野生动物旅游一直是许多书籍的主题。其中包括Shackley(1996)、Newsome等人(2005)和Green(2013)的贡献。这本书非常不同,作者在前言中描述了他对它的愿景。他说,这源于巴拿马巴罗科罗拉多岛的一些原始研究,该研究调查了游客在热带森林以及其他类型的生态系统中观察野生动物的各个方面。他指出,这是本书的主题,还有一秒钟的时间来进行家谱调查,也就是说,在岛上的游客中观察野生动物的“现在的历史”。调查的两个方面都涉及“野生动物观察的地理生态学——一项跨学科的调查,阐述了野生动物观测的地理、生态和社会人类学观点”。埃利奥特对游客在森林中观察野生动物的研究发现了一些有趣的发现。一个关键的问题是,许多游客不仅希望找到一片充满“魅力”动物群的森林,即体型较大的哺乳动物、爬行动物和蛇,还希望与它们近距离接触。随着电视和流媒体服务上提供的众多自然节目,可以理解的是,观众认为在观看野生动物时,他们会喜欢在屏幕上近距离播放的遭遇。然而,许多节目可能会为一个一小时的纪录片节目拍摄长达一年的野生动物。这会提高野生动物游客的期望,当他们的观看和/或遭遇体验与他们在家里的屏幕上看到的不匹配时,他们往往会感到失望。这本书分4部分,共14章,带领读者踏上旅程。第一部分涵盖了从一系列“实证主义视角”对野生动物的看法。章节包括关于实证主义的规则;社会生物学和亲生物性;视觉计算;以及生态心理学和直接感知。总的来说,作者注意到有不同的观察技术,对一些人来说,这既是一个合作的过程,也是一个既定的过程。该书的第二部分概述了从“精液现象学视角”观察野生动物的迹象;精液逻辑与现象学;以及标志的类型和类别。从皮尔斯的角度来看,野生动物观察就是对迹象的检测和解读。但野生动物观察不止于此,Elliott认为它还包括一种动态模式,包括对观察的反应,以及一种“中介”模式,这是有东西可以观察的迹象,因此观察到的野生动物确实存在。第三部分从“社会学哲学视角”阐述了野生动物观察的集合。章节描述文化实践;身体、生物力量和情境;以及模式、影响和装配。本部分的结论包括
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引用次数: 4
Can ecotourism interpretation influence reef protective behaviours? Findings from a quasi-experimental field study involving a virtual reality game 生态旅游解说能影响珊瑚礁保护行为吗?一项涉及虚拟现实游戏的准实验实地研究的结果
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.1971240
A. Coghlan
ABSTRACT The study of pro-environmental tourist behaviours (PEB) frequently relies on self-reported measures of intentions and/or attitudes. Issues with these approaches are reviewed and compared with quasi-experimental field studies that measure actual behaviour and are higher in external validity. The research note argues for an expansion of these studies’ contexts, the interventions used in experimental conditions and types of PEB measured as outcome variables. By way of example, a small between-subject quasi-experiment is presented, using an innovative virtual reality game developed by the author to encourage tourists’ connection with Australia's Great Barrier Reef.Passengers were presented with the game and a control condition (a VR video) on alternate days. The recorded behaviour was their selection of a thank you gift from the options, including one target PEB (conservation donations). The aim of this research note is prompt greater consideration of how we might measure actual PEBs in (eco)tourism studies.
摘要:对环保游客行为(PEB)的研究经常依赖于自我报告的意图和/或态度测量。对这些方法的问题进行了回顾,并将其与测量实际行为且外部有效性较高的准实验现场研究进行了比较。研究说明主张扩大这些研究的背景、实验条件下使用的干预措施以及作为结果变量测量的PEB类型。举个例子,利用作者开发的一款创新的虚拟现实游戏来鼓励游客与澳大利亚大堡礁建立联系,提出了一个小的受试者间准实验。每隔一天向乘客展示游戏和控制条件(VR视频)。记录的行为是他们从选项中选择了一份感谢礼物,其中包括一份目标PEB(保护捐赠)。本研究报告的目的是促使我们更多地考虑如何在(生态)旅游研究中衡量实际的PEB。
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引用次数: 2
Mapping potential nature based tourism in Jordan using AHP, GIS and remote sensing 利用AHP、GIS和遥感对约旦潜在的自然旅游进行制图
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.1968879
Bashar Maaiah, Mohammad Al-Badarneh, Abdalla Al-Shorman
ABSTRACT In the past few years, the demand for nature-based tourism (NBT) has increased significantly nationally and internationally. However, promoting NBT, especially at the local level, needs more attention. This study seeks to produce a map of NBT tourist attractions in Jordan that considers distance and cost. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), geographic information system (GIS), and remote sensing were used. The use of the AHP model was based on a multi-criteria assessment of attractiveness, including landscape, accessibility, infrastructure, and facilities. For this procedure, 150 travel agency personnel were interviewed. The study results showed that desert attractions followed by forests and nature reserves had the highest priority in the AHP model, while the lowest priorities were recorded for water attraction. Based on this, managerial and theoretical implications are proposed.
在过去的几年中,国内外对自然旅游(NBT)的需求显著增加。然而,促进非技术壁垒,特别是在地方一级,需要更多的关注。本研究旨在制作约旦NBT旅游景点的地图,考虑距离和成本。采用层次分析法(AHP)、地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感技术。AHP模型的使用基于对吸引力的多标准评估,包括景观、可达性、基础设施和设施。为了这个程序,采访了150名旅行社工作人员。研究结果表明,在AHP模型中,沙漠景点的优先级最高,其次是森林和自然保护区,而水景点的优先级最低。在此基础上,提出了管理和理论意义。
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引用次数: 5
Motivations and experiences of tourists visiting Hasankeyf as a last chance tourism destination 游客将Hasankeyf作为最后的旅游目的地的动机和体验
IF 2.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-14 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.1965151
Kadir Çakar, Faruk Seyitoğlu
ABSTRACT The present study investigates the motivations and experiences of tourists visiting Hasankeyf – a historic district in the Batman province, situated in the southeast region of Turkey – as a last chance tourism (LCT) destination that has recently been submerged with the entry into operation of Ilısu Dam. A mixed-methods approach is employed for the study, in which quantitative data was collected via a survey filled out by visitors (n = 429) to the Hasankeyf heritage site, while qualitative data was obtained from the online reviews left by visitors (n = 78). The findings reveal that motivations to visit the site relate mostly to the ‘heritage’ and ‘last chance’ dimensions of the site. The study results reveal further that the motivation and the perception of authenticity are key indicators of a memorable tourism experience. Further implications are offered, along with recommendations for future research.
摘要本研究调查了游客前往哈桑凯夫(Hasankeyf)的动机和体验。哈桑凯f是土耳其东南部巴特曼省的一个历史街区,是最近因Ilısu大坝的投入运营而被淹没的最后一个旅游目的地。本研究采用混合方法,通过访问者填写的调查收集定量数据(n = 429),而定性数据是从游客留下的在线评论中获得的(n = 78)。研究结果表明,参观该遗址的动机主要与遗址的“遗产”和“最后机会”有关。研究结果进一步表明,动机和对真实性的感知是令人难忘的旅游体验的关键指标。提出了进一步的启示,并对未来的研究提出了建议。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Journal of Ecotourism
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