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An Empirical Study to Assist Owners in Selecting the Right Procurement Method for Design-Build Projects 协助业主选择设计-建造项目采购方式的实证研究
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2020.1786482
Simon Adamtey
ABSTRACT In design-build (DB), owners use procurement methods such as best value, qualification-based and sole source to offer a more objective approach when selecting design-builders. The aim of this study was to provide an empirical analysis that can assist the procurement method decision by examining how different project characteristics influence the procurement method selection and comparing DB project performance within the different procurement methods. The study statistically analyzed 160 DB projects completed between 2008 and 2019 worth over $14 billion. The results showed that best value is the most predominantly used procurement method and project characteristics such as project type, owner type, and contract method affect the selection of procurement methods significantly. Best value procurement is more likely to use lump sum contracts while qualification based is more likely to use GMP. Civil infrastructure projects and public owners tend to use best value more frequently while private owners use qualification based more often. In terms of performance comparison, projects with qualification-based procurement have better schedule performance while those with sole source have better cost performance. The findings provide practical considerations for owners in selecting the right procurement method for their projects, which can lead to improved delivery of DB projects.
在设计建造(DB)中,业主在选择设计建造商时,使用最佳价值、基于资质和唯一来源等采购方法来提供更客观的方法。本研究的目的是通过研究不同的项目特征如何影响采购方法的选择,并比较不同采购方法下的DB项目绩效,提供一个可以帮助采购方法决策的实证分析。该研究统计分析了2008年至2019年间完成的160个DB项目,价值超过140亿美元。结果表明,最优价值是最常用的采购方式,项目类型、业主类型、合同方式等项目特征显著影响采购方式的选择。最佳价值采购更有可能使用一次性合同,而基于资格的采购更有可能使用GMP。民用基础设施项目和公共业主往往更频繁地使用最佳价值,而私人业主则更频繁地使用基于资格的价值。在绩效比较方面,资质采购项目的进度绩效较好,单一来源采购项目的成本绩效较好。研究结果为业主选择正确的项目采购方法提供了实际考虑,从而改善DB项目的交付。
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引用次数: 3
An Empirical Analysis of Issue Management in Small Building Construction Projects 小房建设项目问题管理的实证分析
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2020.1785062
Amirali Shalwani, Brian C. Lines
ABSTRACT Public institutions seek to maintain their built-environment assets by allocating sizable budgets to small construction projects that renovate or expand upon existing facilities. Small building projects can encounter many issues, which must be effectively managed by the project team to avoid negative performance outcomes. Yet relatively little research has investigated issue management within small building projects. This study’s objectives were to quantify the frequency with which various issues arise during the construction phase and to identify the timing of the project team’s corresponding actions to manage each issue. The study’s dataset consisted of 881 small building projects, including 5,236 individual issues that the project teams identified, monitored, and resolved during the construction phase. Results show that the most frequently occurring issues were designer and owner related. Design errors and omissions and unforeseen concealed conditions were typically identified and resolved the earliest in the schedule, whereas contractor-related issues were typically the last to be identified and resolved. Owner scope changes and unforeseeable events required the longest monitoring periods before the resolution was reached. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying the most frequent issues and the timing with which they were identified, resolved, and monitored by the project team.
公共机构通过分配可观的预算来维护其建筑环境资产,这些预算用于翻新或扩建现有设施的小型建筑项目。小型建筑项目可能会遇到许多问题,这些问题必须由项目团队有效管理,以避免负面的绩效结果。然而,关于小型建筑项目问题管理的研究相对较少。本研究的目标是量化在构建阶段出现的各种问题的频率,并确定项目团队管理每个问题的相应行动的时间。该研究的数据集由881个小型建筑项目组成,其中包括项目团队在施工阶段识别、监控和解决的5236个单独问题。结果显示,最常见的问题与设计师和业主有关。设计错误、遗漏和不可预见的隐蔽情况通常是在计划中最早发现和解决的,而与承包商相关的问题通常是最后发现和解决的。在达成解决方案之前,业主范围的变化和不可预见的事件需要最长的监测周期。该研究通过识别最常见的问题,以及项目团队识别、解决和监控这些问题的时间,为知识体系做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 1
An Empirical Analysis of the Causes of Cost and Schedule Growth for Small Healthcare and Educational Construction Projects 小型医疗教育建设项目成本与进度增长原因的实证分析
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2020.1777488
Amirali Shalwani, Brian C. Lines
ABSTRACT Small building construction projects are common in the public institutional sector, resulting in cumulative portfolios that are quite sizable for institutions to oversee. Despite their collective volume, relatively little research has focused on the performance of such projects. This study investigated a sample of 881 small building construction projects from 19 public institutions to empirically quantify their performance across different project size categories. Results showed cost growth to be inversely proportional to project size, whereas schedule growth was directly proportional. Further, the root causes of cost and schedule growth were examined to shed light on the specific challenges that most affect small building projects. Owner-caused scope changes and other internal issues within the owner organization were the primary causes of cost and schedule growth, whereas contractor-caused deviations and unforeseen weather conditions were the least problematic causes. Causes of cost and schedule growth tended to behave similarly across project size categories, such that owner-caused deviations were the most prevalent for all project sizes (and, similarly, unforeseen weather conditions were the least). These results can help project teams focus on the causes that result in the greatest cost and schedule growth and thereby take proactive measures to minimize negative impacts to project performance.
小型建筑建设项目在公共机构部门很常见,导致机构监督的累积投资组合相当大。尽管这些项目数量众多,但关注这些项目绩效的研究相对较少。本研究以19个公共机构的881个小型建筑建设项目为样本,对其在不同项目规模类别下的绩效进行实证量化。结果显示,成本增长与项目规模成反比,而进度增长与项目规模成正比。此外,研究了成本和进度增长的根本原因,以阐明最影响小型建筑项目的具体挑战。业主引起的范围变化和业主组织内的其他内部问题是成本和进度增长的主要原因,而承包商引起的偏差和不可预见的天气条件是最不成问题的原因。成本和进度增长的原因倾向于在项目规模类别中表现相似,例如所有者引起的偏差在所有项目规模中都是最普遍的(类似地,不可预见的天气条件是最少的)。这些结果可以帮助项目团队将注意力集中在导致最大成本和进度增长的原因上,从而采取积极的措施来最小化对项目性能的负面影响。
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引用次数: 4
Assessing the Importance and Cognition Level of ACCE’s Student Learning Outcomes: Industry, Educator, and Student Perceptions 评估ACCE学生学习成果的重要性和认知水平:行业、教育者和学生感知
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2020.1777487
Mohammed Hashem M. Mehany, Richard J. Gebken
ABSTRACT In 2014, the American Council for Construction Education (ACCE), the leading accreditation body for construction degree programs, formally approved new student learning outcome (SLO) based standards. As degree programs across the country begin to adopt these guidelines, it is important to assess the ability of these SLOs to address the needed knowledge base for new college graduates. This study is an attempt to gauge perceptions of ACCE’s Bachelor Degree SLOs and identify similarities and/or differences in both topic importance and cognition level recommendations between industry practitioners, faculty, and students. The data indicate that while there is strong alignment within each stakeholder group, there are few areas of agreement on topic importance between groups outside of the top and bottom ranking items. These include the highest importance being assigned to analyzing construction documents for planning and management of construction processes; and, the lowest importance generally being sustainable principles and surveying. The data also indicate that there is generally strong agreement between all stakeholders on the cognition levels for most SLOs. Lastly, the data reveal that there is no correlation between an SLO’s perceived importance and its expected cognition level – an indicator that there is no association between knowledge breadth and depth.
2014年,美国建筑教育委员会(ACCE)正式批准了基于新学生学习成果(SLO)的标准。ACCE是建筑学位课程的主要认证机构。随着全国各地的学位课程开始采用这些指导方针,评估这些slo为新大学毕业生提供所需知识基础的能力非常重要。本研究旨在评估对ACCE学士学位slo的看法,并确定行业从业者、教师和学生在主题重要性和认知水平建议方面的相似和/或差异。数据表明,虽然每个利益相关者群体内部有很强的一致性,但在排名最高和最低的项目之外,群体之间对主题重要性的共识很少。其中包括对施工文件进行分析,以规划和管理施工过程;最不重要的是可持续原则和测量。数据还表明,所有利益相关者对大多数slo的认知水平普遍存在强烈的一致性。最后,数据显示,社会服务人员的感知重要性与其预期认知水平之间没有相关性,这表明知识广度和深度之间没有相关性。
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引用次数: 5
Does Best Value Procurement Cost More than Low-Bid? A Total Project Cost Perspective 最佳价值采购比低价采购成本高吗?项目总成本视角
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2020.1777489
Brian C. Lines, Raghu Kakarapalli, Phuong H. D. Nguyen
ABSTRACT Although construction owners have long utilized Best-Value (BV) procurement within alternative delivery, they have historically been less willing to do so when selecting contractor teams in traditional Design-Bid-Build (D-B-B). In D-B-B, the availability of 100% complete construction documents implies that the lowest bidder should be selected. As conventional wisdom suggests, why select a more expensive contractor only to receive an equivalent scope of work in return? In response to this question, this study investigated the full cost implications to owners who utilized BV procurement within 118 D-B-B projects. Because BV involves potentially selecting a contractor whose bid is more expensive than the lowest bidder, an attempt was made to measure the cost of the selected contractor relative to the low bid alternative. Results indicated that while BV-procured contractors do come at a premium on average, they still provide lower bids than the market rate. Further, employing BV-procured contractors can be beneficial to owners in terms of project cost and schedule performance. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by developing two new metrics–the BV Premium and Total BV Cost–to quantitatively measure the project cost implications for owners who employ BV procurement to buy construction services within D-B-B.
虽然建筑业主长期以来一直在替代交付中使用最佳价值(BV)采购,但在传统的设计-投标-建造(D-B-B)模式中选择承包商团队时,他们历来不太愿意这样做。在D-B-B中,100%完整的施工文件意味着应该选择最低的投标人。正如传统智慧所暗示的那样,为什么选择一个更昂贵的承包商,只是为了得到同等范围的工作作为回报呢?为了回答这个问题,本研究调查了118个D-B-B项目中使用BV采购的业主的全部成本影响。由于BV可能涉及选择一个出价比最低出价者更昂贵的承包商,因此我们试图衡量所选承包商相对于低出价备选方案的成本。结果表明,虽然bv采购的承包商的平均报价确实有溢价,但他们的报价仍然低于市场价格。此外,雇用bv采购的承包商在项目成本和进度绩效方面对业主有利。本研究通过开发两个新指标——BV溢价和总BV成本——来定量衡量采用BV采购在D-B-B范围内购买建筑服务的业主的项目成本影响,从而为知识体系做出贡献。
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引用次数: 6
Effectiveness of Case-based Learning: Views of Construction and Real Estate Students 案例学习的有效性:建筑与房地产专业学生的观点
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2020.1758254
Jayantha Wadu Mesthrige, Patrick T. I. Lam, Y. Chiang, T. Samarasinghalage
ABSTRACT Case-based learning (CBL) is a teaching method used in many disciplines of tertiary education. Based on a questionnaire survey and focus group discussions, the perception of the real estate and construction students on CBL in enhancing professional competencies was evaluated. A total of 278 undergraduate students at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University participated in the study. A series of 8 cases related to construction economics and finance were mounted on an electronic platform, which forms the basis of continuous assessment for two undergraduate subjects taken by year-2 and year-3 full-time and part-time students. Results revealed that students perceive CBL as effective in enhancing problem-solving skills, leading to improvement of motivation and promotion of effective group collaboration and fostering self-directed learning. A comparison was then made on the effectiveness of CBL in terms of examination and course work performance between 2013/14 (control group) and the 2014/15 (treatment group) academic years. The results clearly revealed that the introduction of CBL has improved students’ performance significantly. However, as this was their first exposure to CBL, students did experience stress and some lack of confidence, increased workload, and uncertainty. Overall, the findings encourage an active CBL pedagogical approach in construction and real estate curricula.
案例教学法(CBL)是一种广泛应用于高等教育学科的教学方法。通过问卷调查和焦点小组讨论,对房地产与建筑专业学生对CBL提升专业能力的看法进行了评价。共有278名香港理工大学的本科生参与了这项研究。在电子平台上安装了8个与建筑经济和金融相关的系列案例,构成了二年级和三年级全日制和非全日制学生两个本科科目连续评估的基础。结果显示,学生认为CBL可以有效地提高解决问题的能力,从而提高动机,促进有效的小组合作,培养自主学习。然后比较2013/14学年(对照组)和2014/15学年(治疗组)CBL在考试和课程工作表现方面的有效性。结果清楚地显示,CBL的引入显著提高了学生的表现。然而,由于这是他们第一次接触CBL,学生们确实感到压力和缺乏信心,工作量增加和不确定性。总体而言,研究结果鼓励在建筑和房地产课程中采用积极的CBL教学方法。
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引用次数: 4
An Active Learning Classroom in Construction Management Education: Student Perceptions of Engagement and Learning 建筑管理教育中的主动学习型课堂:学生对参与和学习的感知
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-05-02 DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2020.1757536
C. Farrow, Eric M. Wetzel
ABSTRACT Learning spaces that engage students actively are becoming more common. Active learning spaces are designed to facilitate collaboration between students as they engage in problem solving, communication, and teamwork. Recently, Auburn University installed an active learning space in the construction management teaching facility which provided a dedicated active learning space for construction education. During the 2018–19 academic year, students were surveyed to better understand their perspectives on the learning environment after having a class in the space. The goals of this exploratory study focused on student experiences within the active learning environment including perceived impact on learning and engagement within construction education. Sixty-eight percent of the students surveyed believed their learning and 82% believed their engagement with the material was enhanced by the space, the teaching tactics, and shared engagement. Results indicated that while the majority of students expressed positive experiences in areas of “group work and collaboration” and the “engaging and interactive” nature of the class, some construction students found the space distracting particularly when traditional lecture teaching was employed. Overall, the active construction management classroom can enhance the quality of students’ experience through appropriate course design and enriched dialogue, and a potential to positively improve the quality of construction education exists.
让学生积极参与的学习空间正变得越来越普遍。主动学习空间的设计是为了促进学生之间的合作,因为他们从事解决问题,沟通和团队合作。最近,奥本大学在建筑管理教学设施中安装了一个主动学习空间,为建筑教育提供了一个专用的主动学习空间。在2018-19学年,学生们接受了调查,以更好地了解他们在空间上课后对学习环境的看法。本探索性研究的目标是关注学生在主动学习环境中的体验,包括对学习的感知影响和建构教育中的参与。68%的受访学生认为他们的学习,82%的学生认为空间、教学策略和共享参与提高了他们对材料的参与度。结果表明,虽然大多数学生在“小组工作和协作”以及课堂的“参与和互动”性质方面表达了积极的体验,但一些建构学生发现空间分散了注意力,特别是当采用传统的讲座教学时。总体而言,积极的建筑管理课堂可以通过适当的课程设计和丰富的对话来提高学生的体验质量,并且存在积极提高建筑教育质量的潜力。
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引用次数: 11
Re-shaping Built Environment Higher Education: The Impact of Degree Apprenticeships in England 重塑建筑环境高等教育:英国学位学徒制的影响
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2019.1668888
S. Dawson, A. Osborne
ABSTRACT The Richard Review of the United Kingdoms (UK) Apprenticeships in 2012 proposed degree apprenticeships (DA) as a new model for the unification of academic and vocational learning. Apprenticeships have long been acknowledged as a practical vehicle to develop the vocational skills and educational achievements of the UK employee resource. The UK Government set a target of 3 million apprenticeship starts between 2015 and 2020. In order for higher education institutions (HEI) to participate in the new apprenticeship marketplace, they need to consider distinct factors that do not surface in traditional Bachelors programmes. Cognizant of these challenges this paper evaluates the development of the new degree apprenticeship programmes for built environment education through the research lens of HEI. This paper evaluates extant literature and primary data collected from qualitative interviews carried out across the UK HEI sector during 2017. Research findings are presented following analysis using NVivo. Narratives on the barriers, benefits, and opportunities, of degree apprenticeships, including academic quality assurance, governance, and pedagogic dimensions are presented. The findings include industry designed curriculum producing a different graduate output, redefining the purpose of HE, restructuring governance and resource, additional contractual obligations for stakeholders and the embedding of work-based learning strategies.
2012年英国学徒制的《理查德评论》(Richard Review of United kingdom (UK) Apprenticeships)提出学位学徒制(degree Apprenticeships, DA)作为学术学习与职业学习统一的新模式。长期以来,学徒制一直被认为是开发英国员工资源的职业技能和教育成就的实用工具。英国政府设定了在2015年至2020年期间开展300万学徒培训的目标。为了让高等教育机构(HEI)参与新的学徒市场,他们需要考虑传统学士课程中没有出现的独特因素。认识到这些挑战,本文通过高等教育学院的研究视角评估了建筑环境教育新学位学徒计划的发展。本文评估了2017年在英国高等教育部门进行的定性访谈中收集的现有文献和原始数据。研究结果是在使用NVivo进行分析后提出的。介绍了学位学徒制的障碍、好处和机会,包括学术质量保证、治理和教学方面。研究结果包括行业设计的课程产生不同的毕业生产出、重新定义高等教育的目的、重组治理和资源、利益相关者的额外合同义务,以及嵌入基于工作的学习策略。
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引用次数: 6
Special Issue following the Innovations in Built Environment Education (IBEE) Conference 2017: Learning Matters 2017年建筑环境教育创新(IBEE)会议特刊:学习问题
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2020.1758404
S. Sayce, D. Proverbs, N. Morton
Welcome to this special issue of the Journal which results from the iBEE 2017 conference, the theme of which was ‘Learning Matters.’ This could be argued, ‘goes without saying: of course learning m...
欢迎来到本期《iBEE》杂志的特刊,这是iBEE 2017会议的成果,会议的主题是“学习很重要”。“这是有争议的,”不用说:当然学习我……
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引用次数: 0
How to Improve the Student Feedback Process: A Case Study within the Built Environment 如何改善学生反馈过程:以建筑环境为例
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/15578771.2019.1663316
W. Bevan
ABSTRACT The application of feedback by educational practitioners is championed within pedagogical practices. The value and provision of student feedback is further acknowledged due to its incorporation in the National Student Survey (NSS). For feedback to be valuable to student learning, existing literature suggests the need for feedback to be ‘effective,’ where a two-way interactive process with the student is prescribed. There are, however, challenges associated with the achievement of student feedback engagement and further learning. The research presents a case study university, which explores opinions of feedback provided to Built Environment (BE) students. Data collection consisted of a review of current literature on the subject of student feedback, in addition to five semi-structured interviews with postgraduate students over a range of BE courses. The results highlight the complexity associated with student feedback, the diversity of student perceptions of feedback and a range of student preferences associated with the feedback provided. Findings further connect the desire for personalized student feedback, with consideration to the content and the timing of feedback. The research recommends the educational practitioner to understand student feedback preferences in order to encourage students to play an active role in the use of feedback as a learning tool.
教育从业者反馈的应用在教学实践中受到推崇。学生反馈的价值和提供得到了进一步的认可,因为它被纳入了全国学生调查(NSS)。为了让反馈对学生的学习有价值,现有的文献表明,反馈需要是“有效的”,即规定与学生的双向互动过程。然而,在实现学生反馈参与和进一步学习方面存在挑战。本研究以一所大学为个案,探讨对建筑环境专业学生的意见反馈。数据收集包括对学生反馈主题的当前文献的回顾,以及对一系列BE课程的研究生进行的五次半结构化访谈。研究结果强调了学生反馈的复杂性、学生对反馈看法的多样性以及学生对所提供反馈的偏好范围。研究结果进一步将个性化学生反馈的愿望与反馈的内容和时间联系起来。本研究建议教育从业者了解学生的反馈偏好,以鼓励学生在使用反馈作为学习工具方面发挥积极作用。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Construction Education and Research
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