Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10004525
A. Nury, K. Hasan, Maruf Dustegir, M. J. Alam
The trend of drought in the northwestern region of Bangladesh was analysed in this study. To analyse the trend of the multiscalar drought index standardised precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), Mann-Kendall's test and Sen's slope estimator have been used. Assessment of variability of SPEI was conducted by means of the continuous wavelet power spectrum. Significant variability of 6 month scale SPEI was found at 16 to 32 months and 32 to 64 month period from almost 1987 to 2008. To grasp the influence of the southern oscillation index (SOI) on a 6 month scale SPEI, statistical tool wavelet coherence (WTC) has been used. Significant wavelet coherency was observed between SOI and 6 month SPEI at higher periodicity and short time span. The outcomes from this study could assist engineers of agriculture and the water resources sector to establish strategies in Northwestern Bangladesh.
{"title":"Drought assessment using standardised precipitation evaporation index and its association with southern oscillation index in the Northwestern Bangladesh","authors":"A. Nury, K. Hasan, Maruf Dustegir, M. J. Alam","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10004525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10004525","url":null,"abstract":"The trend of drought in the northwestern region of Bangladesh was analysed in this study. To analyse the trend of the multiscalar drought index standardised precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), Mann-Kendall's test and Sen's slope estimator have been used. Assessment of variability of SPEI was conducted by means of the continuous wavelet power spectrum. Significant variability of 6 month scale SPEI was found at 16 to 32 months and 32 to 64 month period from almost 1987 to 2008. To grasp the influence of the southern oscillation index (SOI) on a 6 month scale SPEI, statistical tool wavelet coherence (WTC) has been used. Significant wavelet coherency was observed between SOI and 6 month SPEI at higher periodicity and short time span. The outcomes from this study could assist engineers of agriculture and the water resources sector to establish strategies in Northwestern Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"132-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48736798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10004523
Jing Zhang, Zhen Zheng, Binbin Guo
In the process of building a hydrological model, some basin feature parameters are expressed inaccurately. It is an important way to construct models and estimate the uncertainty parameters for evaluating the uncertainty of the overall output. In this paper, an uncertainty-based study was calibrated and evaluated the comprehensive distributed model MIKE SHE to hydrological data in the Guishui River Basin, Beijing of China. The generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method was used to quantify uncertainties originating from the use of discharge observations and the presence of equifinal solutions. Monte Carlo sampling is randomly generated to 10,000 parameter sets during GLUE calibration. MIKE SHE parameter sets are identified and 5% and 95% uncertainty bounds for monthly streamflow are calculated. The behavioural values of nine individual parameters for MIKE SHE were explored against the likelihood measure values. The results show that more than 50% observations in calibration period fell within the corresponding uncertainty bounds, suggesting a similar level of model performance. The simulation results are corresponded better with the measured flow, but still need to be improved for higher accuracy. There are some relative sensitive and insensitive parameters in the result of uncertainty analysis.
{"title":"Sensitivity and uncertainty-based evaluation and simulation of MIKE SHE model in Guishui River Basin, Beijing, China","authors":"Jing Zhang, Zhen Zheng, Binbin Guo","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10004523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10004523","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of building a hydrological model, some basin feature parameters are expressed inaccurately. It is an important way to construct models and estimate the uncertainty parameters for evaluating the uncertainty of the overall output. In this paper, an uncertainty-based study was calibrated and evaluated the comprehensive distributed model MIKE SHE to hydrological data in the Guishui River Basin, Beijing of China. The generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method was used to quantify uncertainties originating from the use of discharge observations and the presence of equifinal solutions. Monte Carlo sampling is randomly generated to 10,000 parameter sets during GLUE calibration. MIKE SHE parameter sets are identified and 5% and 95% uncertainty bounds for monthly streamflow are calculated. The behavioural values of nine individual parameters for MIKE SHE were explored against the likelihood measure values. The results show that more than 50% observations in calibration period fell within the corresponding uncertainty bounds, suggesting a similar level of model performance. The simulation results are corresponded better with the measured flow, but still need to be improved for higher accuracy. There are some relative sensitive and insensitive parameters in the result of uncertainty analysis.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48712722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10004527
A. Annapoorani, A. Murugesan, A. Ramu, N. Renganathan
To assess the groundwater quality and seawater intrusion in Chennai, the study has been carried out in June 2011. All the physico-chemical parameters were measured. Hard rock and sedimentary rock formation has been determined using the sodium/chloride ratio. Cross plots of bicarbonate%chloride versus TDS indicate that water samples in S1 zone were saline in nature. According to the hydrochemical analysis, except water samples in S2 zone, other groundwater samples are suitable for domestic purpose. Langelier saturation index has been used to identify the nature of water, especially the acidity or basicity of water. Seawater mixing index has been calculated using the concentrations of sodium, magnesium, chloride and sulphate. From this study, we concluded that high levels of sodium in S1 and S5 indicate that seawater intrusion takes place in this zone. Based on Gibbs calculation, rock water interaction was dominant in S3 and S4 zones, and evaporation is dominant in S1, S2 and S5 zones. Seawater mixing index was found to be a maximum of 8.72% in S1 and S2 zones.
{"title":"Assessing the water quality in coastal aquifer of Chennai, India - a case study","authors":"A. Annapoorani, A. Murugesan, A. Ramu, N. Renganathan","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10004527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10004527","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the groundwater quality and seawater intrusion in Chennai, the study has been carried out in June 2011. All the physico-chemical parameters were measured. Hard rock and sedimentary rock formation has been determined using the sodium/chloride ratio. Cross plots of bicarbonate%chloride versus TDS indicate that water samples in S1 zone were saline in nature. According to the hydrochemical analysis, except water samples in S2 zone, other groundwater samples are suitable for domestic purpose. Langelier saturation index has been used to identify the nature of water, especially the acidity or basicity of water. Seawater mixing index has been calculated using the concentrations of sodium, magnesium, chloride and sulphate. From this study, we concluded that high levels of sodium in S1 and S5 indicate that seawater intrusion takes place in this zone. Based on Gibbs calculation, rock water interaction was dominant in S3 and S4 zones, and evaporation is dominant in S1, S2 and S5 zones. Seawater mixing index was found to be a maximum of 8.72% in S1 and S2 zones.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"178-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45919246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10004522
G. Matta, D. P. Uniyal
The present study on dynamic flow of River Ganga was undertaken for a period of one year from October 2012 to September 2013 to assess the species diversity and impact of pollution on limnological conditions of River Ganga in Uttarakhand, India. In the present study water samples were collected from two important sampling sites Shivpuri and Pashulok barrage of River Ganga in Rishikesh. A total of three groups were identified, total diatoms, green algae and blue green algae, including six major species belonging to diatoms. Higher concentration of phytoplankton species at site 2 indicates polluted nature of river water and can be used as an indicator of organic pollution in the river for domestic use but having positive effect on the growth of these ecological indicators of aquatic ecosystem.
{"title":"Assessment of species diversity and impact of pollution on limnological conditions of River Ganga","authors":"G. Matta, D. P. Uniyal","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10004522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10004522","url":null,"abstract":"The present study on dynamic flow of River Ganga was undertaken for a period of one year from October 2012 to September 2013 to assess the species diversity and impact of pollution on limnological conditions of River Ganga in Uttarakhand, India. In the present study water samples were collected from two important sampling sites Shivpuri and Pashulok barrage of River Ganga in Rishikesh. A total of three groups were identified, total diatoms, green algae and blue green algae, including six major species belonging to diatoms. Higher concentration of phytoplankton species at site 2 indicates polluted nature of river water and can be used as an indicator of organic pollution in the river for domestic use but having positive effect on the growth of these ecological indicators of aquatic ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44615173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10004526
M. E. Banihabib, E. Emami
An artificial neural network (ANN) model is proposed for the estimation of sediment yield in Lake Urmia sub-basins. The number of model parameters were extended as far as possible to all geometric, geological and hydroclimatological parameters of the sub-basin. Also, various ANN structures, learning rules, and transfer functions were examined. The examinations show that extended delta and hyperbolic tangent were the best functions for the proposed ANN model. The best structure for the ANN model is a triangle with two hidden layers, containing five neurons in its first and three neurons in its second hidden layer. The comparison between the proposed and regional analysis models showed a notable increase in the accuracy by using the proposed model. Mean absolute error and the maximum absolute error of the estimation reduced to 2.5% and 3% of those regional analysis models, respectively, and therefore ANN model is recommended for sediment yield estimation.
{"title":"Geo-hydroclimatological-based estimation of sediment yield by the artificial neural network.","authors":"M. E. Banihabib, E. Emami","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10004526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10004526","url":null,"abstract":"An artificial neural network (ANN) model is proposed for the estimation of sediment yield in Lake Urmia sub-basins. The number of model parameters were extended as far as possible to all geometric, geological and hydroclimatological parameters of the sub-basin. Also, various ANN structures, learning rules, and transfer functions were examined. The examinations show that extended delta and hyperbolic tangent were the best functions for the proposed ANN model. The best structure for the ANN model is a triangle with two hidden layers, containing five neurons in its first and three neurons in its second hidden layer. The comparison between the proposed and regional analysis models showed a notable increase in the accuracy by using the proposed model. Mean absolute error and the maximum absolute error of the estimation reduced to 2.5% and 3% of those regional analysis models, respectively, and therefore ANN model is recommended for sediment yield estimation.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"159-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42047247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10002212
Neetu Malik, A. Biswas, C. B. Raju
The study intends to examine the spatial and temporal variations of the water quality of an Indian reservoir and to assess the anthropogenic inputs into the reservoir system. The datasets on various physico-chemical parameters, i.e., temperature, pH, TDS, EC, free CO2, DO, alkalinity, hardness and chloride and heavy metals, namely, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from this study were treated by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT), cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation analysis. Significant differences among the sites and seasons were obtained from the DMRT. CA showed two different groups of similarity among the sampling sites reflecting the different physico-chemical characteristics and pollution levels of the studied water system. Three latent factors were identified as responsible for the data structure explaining 83% of the total variance of the dataset. The study showed that the reservoir is under the influence of anthropogenic activities and is prone to water pollution.
{"title":"Effect of point and non-point sources of pollution on water quality of Halali reservoir in India","authors":"Neetu Malik, A. Biswas, C. B. Raju","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10002212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10002212","url":null,"abstract":"The study intends to examine the spatial and temporal variations of the water quality of an Indian reservoir and to assess the anthropogenic inputs into the reservoir system. The datasets on various physico-chemical parameters, i.e., temperature, pH, TDS, EC, free CO2, DO, alkalinity, hardness and chloride and heavy metals, namely, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from this study were treated by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT), cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation analysis. Significant differences among the sites and seasons were obtained from the DMRT. CA showed two different groups of similarity among the sampling sites reflecting the different physico-chemical characteristics and pollution levels of the studied water system. Three latent factors were identified as responsible for the data structure explaining 83% of the total variance of the dataset. The study showed that the reservoir is under the influence of anthropogenic activities and is prone to water pollution.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66702824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10002213
O. Osibanjo, A. Adeyi, A. Majolagbe
Groundwater quality in Lagos is susceptible to pollution due to infiltration from dumpsites. This study therefore assessed groundwater quality around Solous dumpsite in Lagos. Groundwater samples collected bimonthly from 20 wells for two years were analysed for pH, acidity, alkalinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−,PO43−, Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K and total count of E. coli using standard methods. Multivariate statistical techniques (factor and cluster analyses) and phreeqC software were used to analyse the groundwater quality data. Seven principal components (PCs) extracted 85.3% of the total variance and four clusters of wells with distinct characteristics were revealed. Groundwater was classified as (Na +K) SO42− and (Na +K) Cl−. About 50% of the samples exceeded the WHO (< 1.0) limits for coliform count. The quality of the water investigated is doubtful, implicating the impact of dumpsite. Therefore, there is a need for regulatory measures on the dumpsite activities so as to reduce groundwater pollution.
{"title":"Characterisation of groundwater quality around Soluos dumpsite in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"O. Osibanjo, A. Adeyi, A. Majolagbe","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10002213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10002213","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater quality in Lagos is susceptible to pollution due to infiltration from dumpsites. This study therefore assessed groundwater quality around Solous dumpsite in Lagos. Groundwater samples collected bimonthly from 20 wells for two years were analysed for pH, acidity, alkalinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−,PO43−, Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K and total count of E. coli using standard methods. Multivariate statistical techniques (factor and cluster analyses) and phreeqC software were used to analyse the groundwater quality data. Seven principal components (PCs) extracted 85.3% of the total variance and four clusters of wells with distinct characteristics were revealed. Groundwater was classified as (Na +K) SO42− and (Na +K) Cl−. About 50% of the samples exceeded the WHO (< 1.0) limits for coliform count. The quality of the water investigated is doubtful, implicating the impact of dumpsite. Therefore, there is a need for regulatory measures on the dumpsite activities so as to reduce groundwater pollution.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"126 1","pages":"44-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66702944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10002214
Jin‐Yong Lee
Recently three groundwater environmental disputes have drawn a nationwide public attention because they are related to high incidences of cancers in rural areas or land subsidence in the heart of Seoul, the capital of South Korea. The first two occurred in rural areas and strikingly high rates of residents have suffered from various cancers. Baseline investigations inferred that the causes of massive cancer occurrence are drinking groundwater contaminated with radon and chlorinated solvents, respectively. The successive land subsidences in the capital were attributed to a nearby skyscraper and/or an underground rail construction. The detailed reviews on the occurrence and progress of the three incidents revealed some common problems. The officials in charge were incompetent and even hiding related environmental data and documents to avoid their responsibility. Furthermore, the environmental survey to examine the possible causes was limited, not comprehensive, thus failed to satisfy the complaints of related stakeholders. During the disputes for the causes, the affected peoples were left without active and appropriate measures. The government should earn peoples' confidence by tackling these problems.
{"title":"Lessons from three groundwater disputes in Korea: lack of comprehensive and integrated investigation","authors":"Jin‐Yong Lee","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10002214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10002214","url":null,"abstract":"Recently three groundwater environmental disputes have drawn a nationwide public attention because they are related to high incidences of cancers in rural areas or land subsidence in the heart of Seoul, the capital of South Korea. The first two occurred in rural areas and strikingly high rates of residents have suffered from various cancers. Baseline investigations inferred that the causes of massive cancer occurrence are drinking groundwater contaminated with radon and chlorinated solvents, respectively. The successive land subsidences in the capital were attributed to a nearby skyscraper and/or an underground rail construction. The detailed reviews on the occurrence and progress of the three incidents revealed some common problems. The officials in charge were incompetent and even hiding related environmental data and documents to avoid their responsibility. Furthermore, the environmental survey to examine the possible causes was limited, not comprehensive, thus failed to satisfy the complaints of related stakeholders. During the disputes for the causes, the affected peoples were left without active and appropriate measures. The government should earn peoples' confidence by tackling these problems.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66702961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10002215
Nazmul Huq
The purpose of the paper is to explore the multidimensional roles of small freshwater ponds of rural Bangladesh. Ponds are a common landscape feature in rural Bangladesh, however, their multipurpose roles other than aquaculture are generally overlooked. Applying a key information-based interview method, the paper explores major uses and services of rural ponds, changes of uses and services over the last 24 years, drivers of changes and advantages and disadvantages of such changes. Although, total numbers of ponds have increased slightly in last 24 years, the average household ownership of ponds reduced to 1.02 in 2014 from 1.35 in 1990, their uses are increasingly monetary oriented such as introduction of fish culture. Results indicate that ponds are used to strengthen financial, natural and social capitals of the households whereas their degradation and closure can limit diversities of local fish species, and agricultural production. In last 24 years, many households increased their number of ponds whilst a significant number of households also experienced decreasing number of ponds driven by mainly demographic, economic and social disputes related drivers. Considering the livelihood vulnerabilities of global environmental and climate changes, ponds can be used as an important adaptation mechanism.
{"title":"Small scale freshwater ponds in rural Bangladesh: navigating roles and services","authors":"Nazmul Huq","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10002215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10002215","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to explore the multidimensional roles of small freshwater ponds of rural Bangladesh. Ponds are a common landscape feature in rural Bangladesh, however, their multipurpose roles other than aquaculture are generally overlooked. Applying a key information-based interview method, the paper explores major uses and services of rural ponds, changes of uses and services over the last 24 years, drivers of changes and advantages and disadvantages of such changes. Although, total numbers of ponds have increased slightly in last 24 years, the average household ownership of ponds reduced to 1.02 in 2014 from 1.35 in 1990, their uses are increasingly monetary oriented such as introduction of fish culture. Results indicate that ponds are used to strengthen financial, natural and social capitals of the households whereas their degradation and closure can limit diversities of local fish species, and agricultural production. In last 24 years, many households increased their number of ponds whilst a significant number of households also experienced decreasing number of ponds driven by mainly demographic, economic and social disputes related drivers. Considering the livelihood vulnerabilities of global environmental and climate changes, ponds can be used as an important adaptation mechanism.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66703160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10002211
Lenka Anstead, N. Tovey
Essex in East Anglia is regarded as the driest county in the UK, receiving only half of the national average annual rainfall. In a normal year only half of the water supplied to households in the Essex is sourced from within the county. In a dry year, up to one-third of the required water is derived from the Ely Ouse to Essex Water Transfer Scheme which has transferred water from Denver in Norfolk in the north to the River Stour in Essex since 1972. A low average rainfall, weather extremes and rising water demand create significant challenges to fulfil the needs of growing population that is set to rise in the future. This paper explores how the flows enhanced by the water transfer impact the river discharge and the river channel morphology in the context of climate change.
{"title":"Hydrological and geomorphological challenges of water transfers in East Anglia, UK in the context of climate change","authors":"Lenka Anstead, N. Tovey","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10002211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10002211","url":null,"abstract":"Essex in East Anglia is regarded as the driest county in the UK, receiving only half of the national average annual rainfall. In a normal year only half of the water supplied to households in the Essex is sourced from within the county. In a dry year, up to one-third of the required water is derived from the Ely Ouse to Essex Water Transfer Scheme which has transferred water from Denver in Norfolk in the north to the River Stour in Essex since 1972. A low average rainfall, weather extremes and rising water demand create significant challenges to fulfil the needs of growing population that is set to rise in the future. This paper explores how the flows enhanced by the water transfer impact the river discharge and the river channel morphology in the context of climate change.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"14 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66702814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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