Pub Date : 2018-05-03DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10012407
O. Adeyemi, O. Fashae
As the process of urbanisation continues within a river basin, the response of river channels within the basin alters, resulting in a variety of responses. This study seeks to understand the impact of urbanisation on the discharge hydrograph of the Ona River using the hydrological modelling system (HEC-HMS). The hydrograph of the basin shows that the present discharge of the channel is 5,177.32 cumecs with a peak time of 10.52 minutes, while the moderated channel response due to increase in the level of urbanisation discharges 5,342.19 cumecs and peaks at 10.45 minutes. This shows that urbanisation contributes to increase the volume of discharge. The exponents (b, f, m) of the downstream hydraulic geometry (DHG) of the river, 0.15, 0.28, 0.57 respectively, indicates the variability within these three variables downstream and supports the view that as f and m increase, b decreases for cross-sections studied within the basin.
{"title":"Urbanisation and hydraulic geometry response: a model approach","authors":"O. Adeyemi, O. Fashae","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10012407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10012407","url":null,"abstract":"As the process of urbanisation continues within a river basin, the response of river channels within the basin alters, resulting in a variety of responses. This study seeks to understand the impact of urbanisation on the discharge hydrograph of the Ona River using the hydrological modelling system (HEC-HMS). The hydrograph of the basin shows that the present discharge of the channel is 5,177.32 cumecs with a peak time of 10.52 minutes, while the moderated channel response due to increase in the level of urbanisation discharges 5,342.19 cumecs and peaks at 10.45 minutes. This shows that urbanisation contributes to increase the volume of discharge. The exponents (b, f, m) of the downstream hydraulic geometry (DHG) of the river, 0.15, 0.28, 0.57 respectively, indicates the variability within these three variables downstream and supports the view that as f and m increase, b decreases for cross-sections studied within the basin.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44592182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-06DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011182
C. Nnaji, G. Edeh, J. P. Nnam
Two major cities (Enugu and Abakaliki) in Southeastern Nigeria were investigated in order to ascertain rainwater harvesting practices and prospects for supplementing available supply. The methods employed include: distribution of questionnaires for the determination of water consumption and supply specifics, and rainwater harvesting practices; and use of optimisation to maximise water storage for dry season supply. The per capita water consumption for Enugu was 23.7 lpcd, 34.45 lpcd, and 67.05 lpcd for low income, middle income and high income groups respectively; while that for Abakaliki was 15.56 lpcd, 28.08 lpcd, and 50 lpcd respectively for the three income groups. In Enugu, 47%, 61.8% and 37.9% of the low income, middle income and high income groups respectively practice RWH. While in Abakaliki, the corresponding proportions are 67.2%, 48.8% and 46.9%. Rainwater can meet 100% of the water consumption of low income group of both cities for bungalows and up to five-storey buildings housing 72 residents.
{"title":"Status of domestic water supply and prospects of rainwater harvesting in Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"C. Nnaji, G. Edeh, J. P. Nnam","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011182","url":null,"abstract":"Two major cities (Enugu and Abakaliki) in Southeastern Nigeria were investigated in order to ascertain rainwater harvesting practices and prospects for supplementing available supply. The methods employed include: distribution of questionnaires for the determination of water consumption and supply specifics, and rainwater harvesting practices; and use of optimisation to maximise water storage for dry season supply. The per capita water consumption for Enugu was 23.7 lpcd, 34.45 lpcd, and 67.05 lpcd for low income, middle income and high income groups respectively; while that for Abakaliki was 15.56 lpcd, 28.08 lpcd, and 50 lpcd respectively for the three income groups. In Enugu, 47%, 61.8% and 37.9% of the low income, middle income and high income groups respectively practice RWH. While in Abakaliki, the corresponding proportions are 67.2%, 48.8% and 46.9%. Rainwater can meet 100% of the water consumption of low income group of both cities for bungalows and up to five-storey buildings housing 72 residents.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47022895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-06DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011173
F. Khan, J. Pilz
Undoubtedly, it is important to model the average and extreme phenomena in earth sciences disciplines such as hydrology under uncertain and changing climate conditions. The issues become more important when we deal with reservoir management, flood forecasting and irrigation. In this paper, we model the average and extreme river flow in the Indus River at the Upper Indus Basin. For modelling average river flow, we utilised the popular classes of time series models including the autoregressive integrated moving average and autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity models. For modelling the extremes, preference is given to probability distributions dealing with extremes in the tails. Starting with different models and distributions we finally choose the one which performs best among the competing models and distributions, respectively. Finally, when modelling extremes we noted that different probability distributions may be used for the same data, depending on whether interest is in lower or higher order moments.
{"title":"Modelling and sensitivity analysis of river flow in the Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan","authors":"F. Khan, J. Pilz","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011173","url":null,"abstract":"Undoubtedly, it is important to model the average and extreme phenomena in earth sciences disciplines such as hydrology under uncertain and changing climate conditions. The issues become more important when we deal with reservoir management, flood forecasting and irrigation. In this paper, we model the average and extreme river flow in the Indus River at the Upper Indus Basin. For modelling average river flow, we utilised the popular classes of time series models including the autoregressive integrated moving average and autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity models. For modelling the extremes, preference is given to probability distributions dealing with extremes in the tails. Starting with different models and distributions we finally choose the one which performs best among the competing models and distributions, respectively. Finally, when modelling extremes we noted that different probability distributions may be used for the same data, depending on whether interest is in lower or higher order moments.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42804928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-06DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011176
Abbas Alipour, S. Hashemi, S. Shokri, M. Moravej
Sustainable management of precious groundwater resources is vital to growth, especially in arid areas which they heavily depend on. In this study, monthly groundwater level time series of 322 observation wells in Sistan and Balouchestan province of Iran in the period 2002 to 2012 were used as a measure of sustainable development. Results show that 95.6% of areas of the province aquifers are non-stationary. In addition, 5.5%, 13.7% and 80.8% of studied wells show no increasing and decreasing trend at 5% significance level. Spatial analysis reveals that the groundwater levels of 7.3%, 11.3% and 81.6% area of groundwater resources have increased, sustained or decreased, respectively. According to calculated slope of trends, the province has experienced –69.72 (MCM) decline in groundwater resources per year in past ten years. It means that sustainable development criteria were totally neglected. Increasing in water use efficiency in the agriculture sector by 6% and of water reuse by 78% will solve the issue.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal analysis of groundwater level in an arid area","authors":"Abbas Alipour, S. Hashemi, S. Shokri, M. Moravej","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011176","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable management of precious groundwater resources is vital to growth, especially in arid areas which they heavily depend on. In this study, monthly groundwater level time series of 322 observation wells in Sistan and Balouchestan province of Iran in the period 2002 to 2012 were used as a measure of sustainable development. Results show that 95.6% of areas of the province aquifers are non-stationary. In addition, 5.5%, 13.7% and 80.8% of studied wells show no increasing and decreasing trend at 5% significance level. Spatial analysis reveals that the groundwater levels of 7.3%, 11.3% and 81.6% area of groundwater resources have increased, sustained or decreased, respectively. According to calculated slope of trends, the province has experienced –69.72 (MCM) decline in groundwater resources per year in past ten years. It means that sustainable development criteria were totally neglected. Increasing in water use efficiency in the agriculture sector by 6% and of water reuse by 78% will solve the issue.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47227662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-06DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011178
P. Sidauruk, R. Prasetio, Satrio
Series of studies have been conducted to investigate the hydraulic connection between Seropan underground rivers with other underground rivers in Gunung Kidul karst area. Stable isotopes composition, hydrochemical contents of collected samples from several sources around Seropan cave together with tracer tests that have been conducted in the area have helped us to establish hydraulic connection of Seropan underground river with adjacent underground rivers in Gunung Kidul karst area. Several tracer tests that have been conducted in the study area have revealed that subsurface water flowed from Seropan to Ngreneng cave with average travel time about six hours and 13 minutes. Analyses of breakthrough curves found from the tracer tests hinted that the flow is a direct flow with large well developed conduit without any significant delay due to water depressions and dead zones. Although downstream flow paths of Seropan underground river were successfully determined, however, upstream hydraulic connection were not been established. Future study should focus on the upper part (upstream) of Seropan cave.
{"title":"Hydraulic interconnections study of Seropan-Ngreneng-Bribin underground rivers in Gunung Kidul karst area using tracer technique","authors":"P. Sidauruk, R. Prasetio, Satrio","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011178","url":null,"abstract":"Series of studies have been conducted to investigate the hydraulic connection between Seropan underground rivers with other underground rivers in Gunung Kidul karst area. Stable isotopes composition, hydrochemical contents of collected samples from several sources around Seropan cave together with tracer tests that have been conducted in the area have helped us to establish hydraulic connection of Seropan underground river with adjacent underground rivers in Gunung Kidul karst area. Several tracer tests that have been conducted in the study area have revealed that subsurface water flowed from Seropan to Ngreneng cave with average travel time about six hours and 13 minutes. Analyses of breakthrough curves found from the tracer tests hinted that the flow is a direct flow with large well developed conduit without any significant delay due to water depressions and dead zones. Although downstream flow paths of Seropan underground river were successfully determined, however, upstream hydraulic connection were not been established. Future study should focus on the upper part (upstream) of Seropan cave.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42963187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-06DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011177
Binbin Guo, Jing Zhang, Tingbao Xu
Climate change can have a significant impact on the hydrological cycle. This article focuses on the comparison of the statistical down scaling model (SDSM) and the automated statistical downscaling model (ASD), which are applied to global climate model (GCM) predictions for the Beijing region. Through the analysis of the evaluation indices in the calibration and validation periods, the results show that both downscaling models simulate the temperature and evapotranspiration well, but the simulation of precipitation is not as good as that of other climate factors. The overall performance of ASD model is slightly superior to that of SDSM model, especially in the process of predictor's selection. The future climate change downscaled by the two models shows an analogous trend as well. The temperature and evapotranspiration show a general increasing trend. The precipitation shows a different trend with an increasing trend in the south and a decreasing trend in the north.
{"title":"Comparison of two statistical climate downscaling models: a case study in the Beijing region, China","authors":"Binbin Guo, Jing Zhang, Tingbao Xu","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011177","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change can have a significant impact on the hydrological cycle. This article focuses on the comparison of the statistical down scaling model (SDSM) and the automated statistical downscaling model (ASD), which are applied to global climate model (GCM) predictions for the Beijing region. Through the analysis of the evaluation indices in the calibration and validation periods, the results show that both downscaling models simulate the temperature and evapotranspiration well, but the simulation of precipitation is not as good as that of other climate factors. The overall performance of ASD model is slightly superior to that of SDSM model, especially in the process of predictor's selection. The future climate change downscaled by the two models shows an analogous trend as well. The temperature and evapotranspiration show a general increasing trend. The precipitation shows a different trend with an increasing trend in the south and a decreasing trend in the north.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48195141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-06DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10011180
Amanuel A. Gebru, A. Araya
Managing irrigation water is among the critical issues to address food insecurity under climate change and variability conditions. Irrigation is suggested as one of the adaptation practices commonly implemented to reduce climate related risks. However, there is scarcity of water in many drylands and identifying an efficient and effective irrigation system is crucial. A comparative study was undertaken between bar-shaped clay pot and furrow irrigation on tomato, pepper and Swiss chard crops in northern Ethiopia during the cropping season of 2014/2015. Results were compared on the basis of yield, water productivity and economic performance. The yields of Swiss chard, tomato and pepper were increased by up to 51, 32 and 30%, respectively, in bar-shaped clay pot irrigation system as compared to the control. Water saving was also considerably increased by 40.6, 41.2 and 41.7% for the respective crops as compared to the control. Similarly, the water productivities of Swiss chard, tomato and pepper were 10.9, 4.2, and 1.8 kg m–3, respectively. Further research on the suitability of bar-shaped clay pot irrigation on various soils and crops is recommended.
管理灌溉用水是解决气候变化和多变性条件下粮食不安全问题的关键问题之一。灌溉被认为是为减少气候相关风险而普遍实施的适应做法之一。然而，许多旱地缺水，确定一个高效有效的灌溉系统至关重要。在2014/2015年的种植季节，对埃塞俄比亚北部的番茄、辣椒和瑞士甜菜作物进行了条形粘土罐和沟灌的对比研究。根据产量、水生产率和经济效益对结果进行了比较。在条形粘土盆栽灌溉系统中，瑞士甜菜、番茄和辣椒的产量分别比对照提高了51%、32%和30%。与对照相比，各作物的节水率也显著提高了40.6%、41.2%和41.7%。同样，瑞士甜菜、番茄和辣椒的水分生产率分别为10.9、4.2和1.8 kg m–3。建议进一步研究条形粘土盆栽灌溉对各种土壤和作物的适宜性。
{"title":"Evaluating water productivity of tomato, pepper and Swiss chard under clay pot and furrow irrigation technologies in semi-arid areas of northern Ethiopia","authors":"Amanuel A. Gebru, A. Araya","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10011180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10011180","url":null,"abstract":"Managing irrigation water is among the critical issues to address food insecurity under climate change and variability conditions. Irrigation is suggested as one of the adaptation practices commonly implemented to reduce climate related risks. However, there is scarcity of water in many drylands and identifying an efficient and effective irrigation system is crucial. A comparative study was undertaken between bar-shaped clay pot and furrow irrigation on tomato, pepper and Swiss chard crops in northern Ethiopia during the cropping season of 2014/2015. Results were compared on the basis of yield, water productivity and economic performance. The yields of Swiss chard, tomato and pepper were increased by up to 51, 32 and 30%, respectively, in bar-shaped clay pot irrigation system as compared to the control. Water saving was also considerably increased by 40.6, 41.2 and 41.7% for the respective crops as compared to the control. Similarly, the water productivities of Swiss chard, tomato and pepper were 10.9, 4.2, and 1.8 kg m–3, respectively. Further research on the suitability of bar-shaped clay pot irrigation on various soils and crops is recommended.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47095633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10008850
A. A. Ahmed, Syed Mustakim Ali Shah
River flow analysis and prediction is an important task in water resources planning, particularly for a disaster-prone agricultural country like Bangladesh. The present study used two ANN models namely radial basis function (RBF) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to analyse Surma River flow and estimate its peak flow concentration based on five input parameters. The performances of selected models were measured using the correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute error (MAE) and model efficiency (EFF%). However, RBF network model performed better than MLP network model with high model efficiency (99.55%), low mean squared errors (38.60) and high correlation coefficient (0.996), where the optimum number of neurons was 18 for RBF and 22 for MPL network. Moreover, the proposed ANN models could be used successfully in estimating the peak-flow of the Surma River, which would facilitate water resources management policy of this region.
{"title":"Application of artificial neural networks to predict peak flow of Surma River in Sylhet Zone of Bangladesh","authors":"A. A. Ahmed, Syed Mustakim Ali Shah","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10008850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10008850","url":null,"abstract":"River flow analysis and prediction is an important task in water resources planning, particularly for a disaster-prone agricultural country like Bangladesh. The present study used two ANN models namely radial basis function (RBF) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to analyse Surma River flow and estimate its peak flow concentration based on five input parameters. The performances of selected models were measured using the correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute error (MAE) and model efficiency (EFF%). However, RBF network model performed better than MLP network model with high model efficiency (99.55%), low mean squared errors (38.60) and high correlation coefficient (0.996), where the optimum number of neurons was 18 for RBF and 22 for MPL network. Moreover, the proposed ANN models could be used successfully in estimating the peak-flow of the Surma River, which would facilitate water resources management policy of this region.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46327062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grounded on the lacuna in literature - the scarcity of scholarly works on lake governance and small lakes in the country, and the notable transformation of Tadlac Lake - from a threatened and poorly regulated lake to a potential model for governance and ecotourism development, this article documents the small lake and examines its governance specifics, challenges and implications. It argues that the governance of Tadlac Lake can be characterised as intricate, watershed-based, hierarchical, participatory and centralised. It also contends that the lake's development - its transformation from an aquaculture-based lake into an ecotourism-oriented lake - illustrates a key lesson for developing small lakes in the country. To close, the article hopes to instigate more governance studies on lakes, particularly small lakes, owing to their number (in the country and globally) and the fact that in the country, many are surrounded by impoverished communities.
{"title":"Intricacies, challenges and implications: the governance of Tadlac Lake, Baños, Laguna, Philippines","authors":"Bing Baltazar C. Brillo","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.088047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.088047","url":null,"abstract":"Grounded on the lacuna in literature - the scarcity of scholarly works on lake governance and small lakes in the country, and the notable transformation of Tadlac Lake - from a threatened and poorly regulated lake to a potential model for governance and ecotourism development, this article documents the small lake and examines its governance specifics, challenges and implications. It argues that the governance of Tadlac Lake can be characterised as intricate, watershed-based, hierarchical, participatory and centralised. It also contends that the lake's development - its transformation from an aquaculture-based lake into an ecotourism-oriented lake - illustrates a key lesson for developing small lakes in the country. To close, the article hopes to instigate more governance studies on lakes, particularly small lakes, owing to their number (in the country and globally) and the fact that in the country, many are surrounded by impoverished communities.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJW.2017.088047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49629679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2017.10008844
K. Gupta, A. K. Kar, Joygopal Jena, D. Jena
This study is focusing on the possibility of trend in monthly rainfall of upstream districts of the Hirakud reservoir of Mahanadi basin of Odisha applying Mann-Kendall test. Out of the other monsoon months, almost 19 districts show falling rainfall trend in September at 5% significance level. However, the inflow to reservoir shown declining trend during month of August and no trend in rest monsoon months. As the month of September is sensitive towards filling of reservoir as well as for flood control, the falling trends of rainfall will definitely put an alarm for the planner. The effect of climate change as well as changes in land use and storing/releases of upstream reservoir are suspected for the irregularities found in the pattern. The integrated basin management is also the call of the time for smooth operations of all the reservoirs.
{"title":"Variation in rainfall trend at upstream - a threat towards filling schedule of Hirakud Reservoir, India","authors":"K. Gupta, A. K. Kar, Joygopal Jena, D. Jena","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2017.10008844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2017.10008844","url":null,"abstract":"This study is focusing on the possibility of trend in monthly rainfall of upstream districts of the Hirakud reservoir of Mahanadi basin of Odisha applying Mann-Kendall test. Out of the other monsoon months, almost 19 districts show falling rainfall trend in September at 5% significance level. However, the inflow to reservoir shown declining trend during month of August and no trend in rest monsoon months. As the month of September is sensitive towards filling of reservoir as well as for flood control, the falling trends of rainfall will definitely put an alarm for the planner. The effect of climate change as well as changes in land use and storing/releases of upstream reservoir are suspected for the irregularities found in the pattern. The integrated basin management is also the call of the time for smooth operations of all the reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"11 1","pages":"395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48983479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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