Pub Date : 2019-01-16DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2019.10018445
M. Elleuch, L. Elleuch, A. Frikha
Optimal water resources management is often related to the desirability of achieving equitable distribution of water among the users based on economic, social, availability, reliability and environmental procedures. In Tunisia, the main issues of water resources management are addressed with specific reference to the available water resources and water demand from domestic, agricultural, tourism, municipal and industry sectors. Usually, there is increasing competition for water among the various water use sectors in several regions of Tunisia. Water policy and legal frameworks are some of the feasible measures that provide opportunities to evolve a systematic approach to water resources management. For that, this paper describes the development of a hybrid approach for the evaluation and allocation of potential water resources management for many sectors according to several criteria. A hybrid approach between the reciprocal weights method (RR) based on the results of the Delphi method, the analytic hierarchical process (AHP) and the Hurwicz criterion method (HCM) has been developed to evaluate and select the best water resources for Sfax (Tunisia) based on sensitivity analysis.
{"title":"A hybrid approach for water resources management in Tunisia","authors":"M. Elleuch, L. Elleuch, A. Frikha","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2019.10018445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2019.10018445","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal water resources management is often related to the desirability of achieving equitable distribution of water among the users based on economic, social, availability, reliability and environmental procedures. In Tunisia, the main issues of water resources management are addressed with specific reference to the available water resources and water demand from domestic, agricultural, tourism, municipal and industry sectors. Usually, there is increasing competition for water among the various water use sectors in several regions of Tunisia. Water policy and legal frameworks are some of the feasible measures that provide opportunities to evolve a systematic approach to water resources management. For that, this paper describes the development of a hybrid approach for the evaluation and allocation of potential water resources management for many sectors according to several criteria. A hybrid approach between the reciprocal weights method (RR) based on the results of the Delphi method, the analytic hierarchical process (AHP) and the Hurwicz criterion method (HCM) has been developed to evaluate and select the best water resources for Sfax (Tunisia) based on sensitivity analysis.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45207956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2019.10027784
Rehan Jamil
This research presents the analytical relationship between the frictional head loss obtained by two of the most common equations; Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams, considering plastic and metallic pipe materials as major categories. A wide range of hydraulic situations have been covered for water supply systems for buildings through five models for each pipe material category, based on water temperatures ranging from 20°C to 60°C, pipe diameters from 15 mm to50 mm and volume flow rates of 0.25 lps to 2 lps. The head loss values obtained by both equations were used to establish the correlation between them by using statistical techniques. The analyses show reliable results with combined correlation coefficient of 0.981 between both equations for plastic and metallic pipes, while the R2 value for the trend line of head loss values obtained by these equations was found to be 0.9978. This relationship should prove to be very useful for the water supply pipe manufacturers and designers for the mutual conversion of frictional head loss values obtained by these equations.
{"title":"Frictional head loss relation between Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach equations for various water supply pipe materials","authors":"Rehan Jamil","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2019.10027784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2019.10027784","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents the analytical relationship between the frictional head loss obtained by two of the most common equations; Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams, considering plastic and metallic pipe materials as major categories. A wide range of hydraulic situations have been covered for water supply systems for buildings through five models for each pipe material category, based on water temperatures ranging from 20°C to 60°C, pipe diameters from 15 mm to50 mm and volume flow rates of 0.25 lps to 2 lps. The head loss values obtained by both equations were used to establish the correlation between them by using statistical techniques. The analyses show reliable results with combined correlation coefficient of 0.981 between both equations for plastic and metallic pipes, while the R2 value for the trend line of head loss values obtained by these equations was found to be 0.9978. This relationship should prove to be very useful for the water supply pipe manufacturers and designers for the mutual conversion of frictional head loss values obtained by these equations.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66703316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijw.2019.10021791
D. P. Nade, V. V. Jakhalekar, R. P. Pawar, Priyanka V. Patil, Shreyas Kulkarni, S. S. Potdar
{"title":"The long-term trend analysis of rainfall data from 1901 to 2015 for Maharashtra and Goa regions in India","authors":"D. P. Nade, V. V. Jakhalekar, R. P. Pawar, Priyanka V. Patil, Shreyas Kulkarni, S. S. Potdar","doi":"10.1504/ijw.2019.10021791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijw.2019.10021791","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66703250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geochemical assessment of groundwater quality: a case study from Adamawa in Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"A. Seli, B. Ankidawa, J. Ishaku, M. Aminu","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2019.101339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2019.101339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJW.2019.101339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66703325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last four decades, the changes in the hydrological system of Shatt Al-Arab River have led to significant shifts in both the quantity and quality parameters in the river water. Therefore, the levels of surface water and the current velocity, water discharge, total dissolved solid and major ions in the river water at four sites have been measured in order to provide the general assessment of water flow in the river. The study indicates that there are spatial and temporal variations of the mixing process between freshwater and seawater within Shatt Al-Arab River. Therefore, the dynamics of the hydrochemical system is often complex and heterogeneous along the river, and the exact measurement of the net water discharge is a very complicated process.
{"title":"General assessment of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq","authors":"S. A. Al-Asadi, A. Alhello","doi":"10.1504/ijw.2019.106049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijw.2019.106049","url":null,"abstract":"During the last four decades, the changes in the hydrological system of Shatt Al-Arab River have led to significant shifts in both the quantity and quality parameters in the river water. Therefore, the levels of surface water and the current velocity, water discharge, total dissolved solid and major ions in the river water at four sites have been measured in order to provide the general assessment of water flow in the river. The study indicates that there are spatial and temporal variations of the mixing process between freshwater and seawater within Shatt Al-Arab River. Therefore, the dynamics of the hydrochemical system is often complex and heterogeneous along the river, and the exact measurement of the net water discharge is a very complicated process.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijw.2019.106049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66702999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is one of the most important issues that have been raised in water sources and agriculture limiting the crop production. In this study, the northern part of the Maharlu Lake in the central plateau of Iran is simulated using a semi-distributed SWAT model during 1980-2013. Then, using the LARS-WG, future climate information is obtained based on RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Furthermore, assessment of the effects of climate change showed that the average annual temperature of the basin in the future period (2021-2040) will increase about 1.5°C and 1.8°C for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively compared with the baseline period. Simulations and the calculation of the long-term average of temperature and precipitation, and the model combination were used to estimate crop yields using the semidistributed SWAT model. NSE showed acceptable range of SWAT model accuracy (~0.65) .Results of crop yields showed that in future wheat yield will increase from 3.4 ton/ha to 4 and 4.4 ton/ha. In addition, almond, tomato, apple, and olive will face decreased yields.
{"title":"The effects of climate change on crop yields using RCP scenarios with SWAT agro-hydrological model in Maharlu Basin (Fars Province - Iran)","authors":"F. Goudarzi, A. Sarraf, H. Ahmadi","doi":"10.1504/ijw.2019.106048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijw.2019.106048","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the most important issues that have been raised in water sources and agriculture limiting the crop production. In this study, the northern part of the Maharlu Lake in the central plateau of Iran is simulated using a semi-distributed SWAT model during 1980-2013. Then, using the LARS-WG, future climate information is obtained based on RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Furthermore, assessment of the effects of climate change showed that the average annual temperature of the basin in the future period (2021-2040) will increase about 1.5°C and 1.8°C for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively compared with the baseline period. Simulations and the calculation of the long-term average of temperature and precipitation, and the model combination were used to estimate crop yields using the semidistributed SWAT model. NSE showed acceptable range of SWAT model accuracy (~0.65) .Results of crop yields showed that in future wheat yield will increase from 3.4 ton/ha to 4 and 4.4 ton/ha. In addition, almond, tomato, apple, and olive will face decreased yields.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66703419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2019.10027047
N. Nascimento, J. Eleutério, H. Costa, B. Vinçon-Leite, A. Mourão, Diomira M. C. P. Faria, R. Monte-Mór
This paper explores the potentialities offered by blue-green approaches to promote protection of water resources at the metropolitan scale and to contribute to structuring territorial development. An ongoing experience of regional planning and land use regulation in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region (BHMR), in Brazil, is here a reference. With a population of 5.8 million inhabitants and territory of 10,000 km2, the BHMR offers a rich example of land use diversity that highlights the complexity of metropolitan territorial planning and management. In the first part of the paper, blue-green concepts are developed emphasising their role for the protection of water resources. This is followed by the methods and results of applying these concepts to the BHMR. We then evaluate whether blue-green approaches are sufficient to protect water resources and discuss the potentialities of additional tools such as the payment for environmental services with the same objectives.
{"title":"Sustainable urban development through a blue and green network approach focusing the protection of water resources: the case of the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region, in Brazil","authors":"N. Nascimento, J. Eleutério, H. Costa, B. Vinçon-Leite, A. Mourão, Diomira M. C. P. Faria, R. Monte-Mór","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2019.10027047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2019.10027047","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the potentialities offered by blue-green approaches to promote protection of water resources at the metropolitan scale and to contribute to structuring territorial development. An ongoing experience of regional planning and land use regulation in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region (BHMR), in Brazil, is here a reference. With a population of 5.8 million inhabitants and territory of 10,000 km2, the BHMR offers a rich example of land use diversity that highlights the complexity of metropolitan territorial planning and management. In the first part of the paper, blue-green concepts are developed emphasising their role for the protection of water resources. This is followed by the methods and results of applying these concepts to the BHMR. We then evaluate whether blue-green approaches are sufficient to protect water resources and discuss the potentialities of additional tools such as the payment for environmental services with the same objectives.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66703260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10016230
Ejaz Gul
More than 76% of the total budget of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is allocated to renewable and non-renewable energy initiatives. This paper elucidates socioeconomic impacts of three hydropower projects of CPEC named as Suki Kinari, Karot and Kohala Hydropower Projects. Primary data on selected socioeconomic variables (SVs) was collected from respondents of the areas where these projects are located. Data was analysed statistically to ascertain existing trends before construction of these projects. Changes in socioeconomic variables (SVs) after construction of these projects were calculated using Khewa's Model. To get representative equations of trends, digital analysis of data was carried out using computer assisted quantitative data analysis software (CAQDAS). After this, socioeconomic indexes (SEIs) of households were calculated before and after construction of these projects using Newton-Leibniz Integration Process (NLIP). Results indicated that there is a substantial increase in socioeconomic status of the households after construction of these hydropower projects.
{"title":"Reaping socio-economic blessings of flowing water: evidence from hydropower initiatives of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor","authors":"Ejaz Gul","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10016230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10016230","url":null,"abstract":"More than 76% of the total budget of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is allocated to renewable and non-renewable energy initiatives. This paper elucidates socioeconomic impacts of three hydropower projects of CPEC named as Suki Kinari, Karot and Kohala Hydropower Projects. Primary data on selected socioeconomic variables (SVs) was collected from respondents of the areas where these projects are located. Data was analysed statistically to ascertain existing trends before construction of these projects. Changes in socioeconomic variables (SVs) after construction of these projects were calculated using Khewa's Model. To get representative equations of trends, digital analysis of data was carried out using computer assisted quantitative data analysis software (CAQDAS). After this, socioeconomic indexes (SEIs) of households were calculated before and after construction of these projects using Newton-Leibniz Integration Process (NLIP). Results indicated that there is a substantial increase in socioeconomic status of the households after construction of these hydropower projects.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45177889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10016229
S. Khorram, M. Vahedi
A considerable environmental and developmental challenge the water resources management is now facing is the Saeed Khorram climate change for the evaluation of which a macro-scale model (physically-based with high-resolution) has been designed to be tested on the Umea River basin, Sweden. The model helps a better understanding of the impacts of the local and global climate changes on the environment for those who are interested in studying such issues. Effort has been made in this paper to introduce the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) macro-scale hydrological model, how it is used in land environmental issues, and weather forecasting. To obtain the soil, vegetation, and forcing data required by the VIC-3L model, use was made of the information of seven meteorological stations and the regional regression method. The forcing data were from 1980-2010 and the data resolution for the basin was 1 × 1 km. The model was applied to the basin in question and the simulated runoff was routed to the above mentioned seven stations' outlets. A comparison of the observed stream-flow with those of the seven stations showed that the model could simulate acceptably.
{"title":"Evaluating uncertainty in nonlinear hydrological models using VIC-3D model on the Umeå River basin","authors":"S. Khorram, M. Vahedi","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10016229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10016229","url":null,"abstract":"A considerable environmental and developmental challenge the water resources management is now facing is the Saeed Khorram climate change for the evaluation of which a macro-scale model (physically-based with high-resolution) has been designed to be tested on the Umea River basin, Sweden. The model helps a better understanding of the impacts of the local and global climate changes on the environment for those who are interested in studying such issues. Effort has been made in this paper to introduce the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) macro-scale hydrological model, how it is used in land environmental issues, and weather forecasting. To obtain the soil, vegetation, and forcing data required by the VIC-3L model, use was made of the information of seven meteorological stations and the regional regression method. The forcing data were from 1980-2010 and the data resolution for the basin was 1 × 1 km. The model was applied to the basin in question and the simulated runoff was routed to the above mentioned seven stations' outlets. A comparison of the observed stream-flow with those of the seven stations showed that the model could simulate acceptably.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44223287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-09DOI: 10.1504/IJW.2018.10016231
Ibrahim Ramadani, Dedë P. Nrecaj, F. Gashi
In this paper, the hydrological potential and the challenges in the social, economic, ecological and management context will be addressed. In this case, the model of the Klina river basin in Kosovo has been selected, while the study is based on the quantity, ecological status of running waters, subterranean water and anthropogenic influences that endanger this irreplaceable and resourceful resource. The amount of water differs from country to country, where in many cases water shortages represent the main challenge of contemporary social, economic, ecological developments. Therefore, bad management of water resources presents barriers or obstacles to the development of settlements, industry and agriculture, while on the other hand, it also causes flooding, drought etc. Poor river management is accompanied by severe consequences, while lack of river care and poor management in many cases has caused the frequent flooding of agricultural land and endangering of settlements.
{"title":"Water treatment methods for the needs of spatial planning in Kosovo","authors":"Ibrahim Ramadani, Dedë P. Nrecaj, F. Gashi","doi":"10.1504/IJW.2018.10016231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJW.2018.10016231","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the hydrological potential and the challenges in the social, economic, ecological and management context will be addressed. In this case, the model of the Klina river basin in Kosovo has been selected, while the study is based on the quantity, ecological status of running waters, subterranean water and anthropogenic influences that endanger this irreplaceable and resourceful resource. The amount of water differs from country to country, where in many cases water shortages represent the main challenge of contemporary social, economic, ecological developments. Therefore, bad management of water resources presents barriers or obstacles to the development of settlements, industry and agriculture, while on the other hand, it also causes flooding, drought etc. Poor river management is accompanied by severe consequences, while lack of river care and poor management in many cases has caused the frequent flooding of agricultural land and endangering of settlements.","PeriodicalId":39788,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Water","volume":"12 1","pages":"342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44491769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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