- The neuroscience of addiction is complex and involves a variety of responses. Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder that involves compulsive seeking of a stimulant to feel euphoria, despite the adverse consequences. It involves functional changes to brain circuits that are involved with reward, stress, and self-control. Anybody can fall into the trap of addiction, even elite athletes. This research addresses certain neuroadaptations in the striatum of the brain that renders elite athletes more vulnerable to addictive behavior, particularly because of an increased tolerance to dopamine and an elongated stress response, leading athletes to seek additional stimulation through risk-taking. The intense exercise of elite athletes can increase D2 receptor expression and binding in the striatum, until tolerance to the elevated levels of dopamine is eventually developed. At the same time, long-term endurance exercise can activate the stress response and stimulate the HPA axis and the SAM pathway, releasing cortisol. Activation of the stress response can push athletes to seek out abusive drugs or behaviors and makes them more vulnerable to the euphoric effects of the stimulant. Rodent studies revealed that reduced function of striatal D2 receptors can lead to diminished sensitivity to negative outcomes, since striatal D2 receptors facilitate avoidance learning. With diminished sensitivity to punishing consequences, athletes are more likely to take part in risky behavior in search of a dopamine rush. Risk-taking behavior can directly lead to a greater vulnerability to addictive behavior. In addition, low striatal D2 receptor expression represents a predisposing factor for risk-taking and subsequent substance abuse. Although athletes' personalities and genetics may predispose them to certain addictive behaviors, their lifestyle can certainly endanger them as well. With the relatively small availability of literature on this topic, this paper will review the literature to test the above hypothesis.
{"title":"Exercise-induced Neuroadaptations in Receptor Expression That Predispose to Addiction","authors":"Erica Jiang","doi":"10.11159/icbb23.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icbb23.116","url":null,"abstract":"- The neuroscience of addiction is complex and involves a variety of responses. Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder that involves compulsive seeking of a stimulant to feel euphoria, despite the adverse consequences. It involves functional changes to brain circuits that are involved with reward, stress, and self-control. Anybody can fall into the trap of addiction, even elite athletes. This research addresses certain neuroadaptations in the striatum of the brain that renders elite athletes more vulnerable to addictive behavior, particularly because of an increased tolerance to dopamine and an elongated stress response, leading athletes to seek additional stimulation through risk-taking. The intense exercise of elite athletes can increase D2 receptor expression and binding in the striatum, until tolerance to the elevated levels of dopamine is eventually developed. At the same time, long-term endurance exercise can activate the stress response and stimulate the HPA axis and the SAM pathway, releasing cortisol. Activation of the stress response can push athletes to seek out abusive drugs or behaviors and makes them more vulnerable to the euphoric effects of the stimulant. Rodent studies revealed that reduced function of striatal D2 receptors can lead to diminished sensitivity to negative outcomes, since striatal D2 receptors facilitate avoidance learning. With diminished sensitivity to punishing consequences, athletes are more likely to take part in risky behavior in search of a dopamine rush. Risk-taking behavior can directly lead to a greater vulnerability to addictive behavior. In addition, low striatal D2 receptor expression represents a predisposing factor for risk-taking and subsequent substance abuse. Although athletes' personalities and genetics may predispose them to certain addictive behaviors, their lifestyle can certainly endanger them as well. With the relatively small availability of literature on this topic, this paper will review the literature to test the above hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116962144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development Of Sporobeads Coated With Hecad1/2 For Rapid Detection And Capturing Of Pathogenic Listeria Monocytogenes","authors":"K. Mohammadi, P. Saris","doi":"10.11159/icbb23.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icbb23.114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117008011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract Fine dust as known as Particulate Matter (PM) directly or indirectly affects climate change by changing the radiative forcing of sunlight. This is known to be harmful to the human body and affects industrial activities. In order to prevent damage to the health environment, society, and economy as a whole due to the increase in PM concentration, it is important to secure regional accurate PM concentration calculation and monitoring technology for it. In addition, due to problems such as rapid urbanization, industrialization, population growth, and changes in human life worldwide, the level of air pollution is intensifying and the concentration of fine dust is deteriorating. Through many previous studies, it was confirmed that the weather factor and the concentration of fine dust were related [1]. In addition, particulate matter emitted through human activities not only pollutes the air, but also cools the Earth by scattering shortwave solar radiation [2]. The fine dust prediction method can be largely divided into (1) numerical prediction modeling to predict fine dust concentration by mathematical equations and (2) statistical-based modeling to predict fine dust concentration by deriving statistical correlation with various causes. In addition, research on applying artificial intelligence techniques has been actively conducted recently. Unlike previous studies, this study aims to develop a fine dust prediction model using the S-DoT sensor installed in 2019. Since the S-DoT sensor provides meteorological data (temperature, humidity, wind direction, etc.) for fine dust prediction as well as fine dust data, it is consistent in time and space. In addition, fine dust and ultrafine dust can be considered to have higher accuracy because it also provides
{"title":"Deep Learning-based Prediction for Fine dust in Seoul, Korea","authors":"Jonggu Kang, Y. Lee","doi":"10.11159/icepr23.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icepr23.115","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Fine dust as known as Particulate Matter (PM) directly or indirectly affects climate change by changing the radiative forcing of sunlight. This is known to be harmful to the human body and affects industrial activities. In order to prevent damage to the health environment, society, and economy as a whole due to the increase in PM concentration, it is important to secure regional accurate PM concentration calculation and monitoring technology for it. In addition, due to problems such as rapid urbanization, industrialization, population growth, and changes in human life worldwide, the level of air pollution is intensifying and the concentration of fine dust is deteriorating. Through many previous studies, it was confirmed that the weather factor and the concentration of fine dust were related [1]. In addition, particulate matter emitted through human activities not only pollutes the air, but also cools the Earth by scattering shortwave solar radiation [2]. The fine dust prediction method can be largely divided into (1) numerical prediction modeling to predict fine dust concentration by mathematical equations and (2) statistical-based modeling to predict fine dust concentration by deriving statistical correlation with various causes. In addition, research on applying artificial intelligence techniques has been actively conducted recently. Unlike previous studies, this study aims to develop a fine dust prediction model using the S-DoT sensor installed in 2019. Since the S-DoT sensor provides meteorological data (temperature, humidity, wind direction, etc.) for fine dust prediction as well as fine dust data, it is consistent in time and space. In addition, fine dust and ultrafine dust can be considered to have higher accuracy because it also provides","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126269771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract In the food industry, the brewing industry holds an important economic place with world beer production exceeding 1.82 billion hectolitres in 2020, of which Europe attributed 500.93 million hL [1]. An hL of beer results in 20 kg of wet brewers spent grain (BSG) [2], which means that 2020 resulted in 36.4 million tons of wet BSG globally. As the largest waste by volume, brewers' spent grain (BSG) represents around 85% of the total brewing waste generated [3]. Yet, approximately 70% of BSG is used as animal feed, but due to its high moisture content (~ 75%) and microbial load, its shelf life is extremely short - less than 48 hours [4]. Around 10% of spent grain is converted into biogas, while the remaining 20% is landfilled [4]. Every tonne of BSG disposed of in a landfill emits 513 kg of CO 2 equivalent to greenhouse gases [4], violating sustainability principles and can trigger serious environmental problems. However, this brewing “waste” has an exceptional circular economy and nutritional potential as its high protein content (16 ~ 28%) nature which has been shown to have valuable bioactivities, making it an ideal candidate for upcycling into the human food supply, feed, or pharmaceutical purposes [5]. Meanwhile, over 800 million people are suffering from hunger in low-income countries and these functional resources are being wasted [6]. Thus, owing to the significant amount produced annually, current low market value, increasing environmental awareness, and the recognition that BSG
{"title":"Biotransformation of Brewing By-Products to Reduce the Current Food Waste And Relieve Associated Environmental Pollution","authors":"Jiao Zhang, Ariane Perez-Gavilan, A. C. Neves","doi":"10.11159/icepr23.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icepr23.110","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract In the food industry, the brewing industry holds an important economic place with world beer production exceeding 1.82 billion hectolitres in 2020, of which Europe attributed 500.93 million hL [1]. An hL of beer results in 20 kg of wet brewers spent grain (BSG) [2], which means that 2020 resulted in 36.4 million tons of wet BSG globally. As the largest waste by volume, brewers' spent grain (BSG) represents around 85% of the total brewing waste generated [3]. Yet, approximately 70% of BSG is used as animal feed, but due to its high moisture content (~ 75%) and microbial load, its shelf life is extremely short - less than 48 hours [4]. Around 10% of spent grain is converted into biogas, while the remaining 20% is landfilled [4]. Every tonne of BSG disposed of in a landfill emits 513 kg of CO 2 equivalent to greenhouse gases [4], violating sustainability principles and can trigger serious environmental problems. However, this brewing “waste” has an exceptional circular economy and nutritional potential as its high protein content (16 ~ 28%) nature which has been shown to have valuable bioactivities, making it an ideal candidate for upcycling into the human food supply, feed, or pharmaceutical purposes [5]. Meanwhile, over 800 million people are suffering from hunger in low-income countries and these functional resources are being wasted [6]. Thus, owing to the significant amount produced annually, current low market value, increasing environmental awareness, and the recognition that BSG","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129502808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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