Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have played a pivotal role in the development of nanomedicine owing to their versatile functions at the nanoscale, that facilitates targeted delivery, high contrast imaging, and on-demand therapy. Some biomedical inadequacies of IONPs on its’ own, such as poor resolution of IONP-based Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), can be overcome by co-incorporating optical probes onto them, which can be either molecule-based or nanoparticulate. Optical probe-incorporated IONPs, together with two prominent non-ionizing radiation sources (i.e. magnetic field and light), enables a myriad of biomedical applications from early detection to targeted treatment of various diseases. However, selecting right optically active photosensitizer is the key for nanomaterials’ function. For example, UV sensitive dye methylene blue has been studied extensively, however, due to the limitation of UV light penetration depth in tissues limit it’s use as a photosensitizer. Therefore, we found an alternate photosensitizer, Indocyanine Green (ICG) in connection with Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital who has been using routinely for Liver cancer surgery due to it’s affinity towards Liver tumour and visualisation using Near Infrared (NIR) light. In our hypothesis, ICG incorporated magnetic nanoparticles can be administered and monitored via NIR imaging (diagnosis) before applying the combination of AMF+NIR light for localized heating (therapy).
{"title":"Magneto-optical Nanomaterials as Nanomedicine","authors":"T. Sen","doi":"10.11159/icnfa23.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icnfa23.001","url":null,"abstract":"Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have played a pivotal role in the development of nanomedicine owing to their versatile functions at the nanoscale, that facilitates targeted delivery, high contrast imaging, and on-demand therapy. Some biomedical inadequacies of IONPs on its’ own, such as poor resolution of IONP-based Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), can be overcome by co-incorporating optical probes onto them, which can be either molecule-based or nanoparticulate. Optical probe-incorporated IONPs, together with two prominent non-ionizing radiation sources (i.e. magnetic field and light), enables a myriad of biomedical applications from early detection to targeted treatment of various diseases. However, selecting right optically active photosensitizer is the key for nanomaterials’ function. For example, UV sensitive dye methylene blue has been studied extensively, however, due to the limitation of UV light penetration depth in tissues limit it’s use as a photosensitizer. Therefore, we found an alternate photosensitizer, Indocyanine Green (ICG) in connection with Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital who has been using routinely for Liver cancer surgery due to it’s affinity towards Liver tumour and visualisation using Near Infrared (NIR) light. In our hypothesis, ICG incorporated magnetic nanoparticles can be administered and monitored via NIR imaging (diagnosis) before applying the combination of AMF+NIR light for localized heating (therapy).","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129558208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract Surface air temperature is a typical meteorological factor in the field of meteorology and climatology, and has recently been used as a measure to understand extreme weather phenomena such as droughts and heat waves due to global climate change. In particular, it is very important because it is used as data for monitoring forest disasters such as forest fires and landslides [1]. However, the limited spatial distribution of the weather temperature observation network has limitations in representing the spatial distribution of continuous temperature [2]. Therefore, this study aims to calculate continuous grid data by applying the numerical elevation model (DEM) to the temperature data of the automated mountain meteorology stations (AMOS) operated by the National Institute of Forest Service. AMOS is an automatic weather observation equipment that is being and operated in major mountainous areas across the country for the purpose of preventing to forest disasters such as forest fires, landslides, and forest pests that are due to climate change. The 2m-temperature (℃) observed in real time was obtained every hour from 2014 to 2021 through the Open API of the Mountain Meteorological Information System (http://mtweather.nifos.go.kr), and the initial experiment was conducted by selecting one month on behalf of each season (spring, summer, fall, and winter). This paper rasterizes considering temperature changes in mountainous areas according to the altitude through optimized kriging with the laps rate. To derive the optimal theoretical variogram from the empirical variogram representing the dissimilarity
{"title":"Rasterization Of Mountain Weather Temperature Data Using Spatial Statistical Methods","authors":"Youjeong Youn, Y. Lee","doi":"10.11159/icepr23.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icepr23.118","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Surface air temperature is a typical meteorological factor in the field of meteorology and climatology, and has recently been used as a measure to understand extreme weather phenomena such as droughts and heat waves due to global climate change. In particular, it is very important because it is used as data for monitoring forest disasters such as forest fires and landslides [1]. However, the limited spatial distribution of the weather temperature observation network has limitations in representing the spatial distribution of continuous temperature [2]. Therefore, this study aims to calculate continuous grid data by applying the numerical elevation model (DEM) to the temperature data of the automated mountain meteorology stations (AMOS) operated by the National Institute of Forest Service. AMOS is an automatic weather observation equipment that is being and operated in major mountainous areas across the country for the purpose of preventing to forest disasters such as forest fires, landslides, and forest pests that are due to climate change. The 2m-temperature (℃) observed in real time was obtained every hour from 2014 to 2021 through the Open API of the Mountain Meteorological Information System (http://mtweather.nifos.go.kr), and the initial experiment was conducted by selecting one month on behalf of each season (spring, summer, fall, and winter). This paper rasterizes considering temperature changes in mountainous areas according to the altitude through optimized kriging with the laps rate. To derive the optimal theoretical variogram from the empirical variogram representing the dissimilarity","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129922725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucie Ulrychová, I. Perelshtein, N. Perkas, J. Hodek, A. Gedanken, J. Weber
Extended Abstract Recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic emphasized the need for broad-spectrum intervention before virus-specific vaccination and antiviral drugs are readily available. One of such intervention is blocking of a common step in the virus life cycle such as the attachment to the cells. Viruses frequently attach to an abundant adhesion molecules before attachment to a specific receptor. Next to sialic acids, the most common is heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) [1]. The role of HSPG during virus entry was shown for many viruses such as HSV-1, dengue virus, HBV, human papillomavirus, HIV-1 [2], and recently also for SARS-CoV-2 [3]. Mimicking heparan sulfate by silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs) capped with mercaptoethane (AgMES) and mercaptoundecane sulfonate (AuMUS) molecules, was successfully used in the past to inhibit viruses including HSV-1, HSV-2, human
{"title":"Textile Coated with Mercaptoethane Sulfonate-functionalized Silver Nanoparticles with Virucidal Activity against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Lucie Ulrychová, I. Perelshtein, N. Perkas, J. Hodek, A. Gedanken, J. Weber","doi":"10.11159/icnfa23.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icnfa23.119","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic emphasized the need for broad-spectrum intervention before virus-specific vaccination and antiviral drugs are readily available. One of such intervention is blocking of a common step in the virus life cycle such as the attachment to the cells. Viruses frequently attach to an abundant adhesion molecules before attachment to a specific receptor. Next to sialic acids, the most common is heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) [1]. The role of HSPG during virus entry was shown for many viruses such as HSV-1, dengue virus, HBV, human papillomavirus, HIV-1 [2], and recently also for SARS-CoV-2 [3]. Mimicking heparan sulfate by silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs) capped with mercaptoethane (AgMES) and mercaptoundecane sulfonate (AuMUS) molecules, was successfully used in the past to inhibit viruses including HSV-1, HSV-2, human","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116292666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- An Al alloy containing 0.3 wt% Mn (Al-0.3Mn) for potential applications in electric vehicles (EV) was prepared by permanent steel mold casting (PSMC) along with high purity (HP) Al (99.9%). The microstructure of the as-cast Al-0.3Mn alloy was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructure analyses revealed that the Al-0.3Mn alloy consisted of primary Al phase, micron-sized Al-Fe-Mn intermetallic phase, and nano-sized Al-Mn intermetallic phase. The tensile properties including ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation (e f ) were evaluated by tensile testing. The phase sensitive eddy current method was employed to measure the electrical conductivity. The addition of 0.3 wt% Mn increased both the UTS and YS of the cast HP Al significantly to 72.3 and 20.4 MPa from 59.2 and 14.0 MPa. The evaluation of tensile behaviors indicated that the Mn addition significantly improved the resilience and strain hardening rate of the PSMC HP Al, although the toughness of the PSMC Al-0.3Mn was comparable to that of PSMC HP Al. However, the e f and electrical conductivity of the cast alloy decreased to 28.9% and 45.6 %IACS from 37.1% and 61.1 %IACS. The difference in tensile behaviors and electrical conductivities between the PSMC Al-0.3Mn alloy and the PSMC HP Al should be attribute to the emergence of a large amount (2.1%) of the micron Al-Fe-Mn and nano Al-Mn intermetallic phases in the PSMC Al-0.3Mn alloy, compared to only 0.4% of Al-Fe intermetallics in the PSMC HP Al.
-采用永久钢模铸造(PSMC)和高纯度(HP)铝(99.9%)制备了含有0.3 wt% Mn (Al-0.3Mn)的铝合金，用于电动汽车(EV)的潜在应用。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析了铸态Al-0.3Mn合金的显微组织。显微组织分析表明，Al-0.3 mn合金由初生Al相、微米级Al- fe - mn金属间相和纳米级Al- mn金属间相组成。拉伸性能包括极限抗拉强度(UTS)、屈服强度(YS)和伸长率(ef)。采用相敏涡流法测量电导率。添加0.3 wt% Mn可使铸态HP Al的UTS和YS分别从59.2和14.0 MPa提高到72.3和20.4 MPa。拉伸性能评价表明，添加Mn显著提高了PSMC HP Al的回弹性和应变硬化率，但PSMC Al-0.3Mn的韧性与PSMC HP Al相当，但铸合金的电导率和电导率从IACS的37.1%和61.1%下降到28.9%和45.6%。PSMC Al-0.3 mn合金与PSMC HP Al在拉伸性能和电导率上的差异应归因于PSMC Al-0.3 mn合金中出现了大量(2.1%)微米Al- fe - mn和纳米Al- mn金属间相，而PSMC HP Al中只有0.4%的Al- fe金属间相。
{"title":"Nano Phase-containing Al-0.3Mn Alloy for Potential EV Applications: Microstructure, Tensile Behavior and Electrical Conductivity","authors":"Wu Shen, A. Hu, Jia-ling Wang, A. Dhaif, Henry Hu","doi":"10.11159/icnfa23.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icnfa23.108","url":null,"abstract":"- An Al alloy containing 0.3 wt% Mn (Al-0.3Mn) for potential applications in electric vehicles (EV) was prepared by permanent steel mold casting (PSMC) along with high purity (HP) Al (99.9%). The microstructure of the as-cast Al-0.3Mn alloy was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructure analyses revealed that the Al-0.3Mn alloy consisted of primary Al phase, micron-sized Al-Fe-Mn intermetallic phase, and nano-sized Al-Mn intermetallic phase. The tensile properties including ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation (e f ) were evaluated by tensile testing. The phase sensitive eddy current method was employed to measure the electrical conductivity. The addition of 0.3 wt% Mn increased both the UTS and YS of the cast HP Al significantly to 72.3 and 20.4 MPa from 59.2 and 14.0 MPa. The evaluation of tensile behaviors indicated that the Mn addition significantly improved the resilience and strain hardening rate of the PSMC HP Al, although the toughness of the PSMC Al-0.3Mn was comparable to that of PSMC HP Al. However, the e f and electrical conductivity of the cast alloy decreased to 28.9% and 45.6 %IACS from 37.1% and 61.1 %IACS. The difference in tensile behaviors and electrical conductivities between the PSMC Al-0.3Mn alloy and the PSMC HP Al should be attribute to the emergence of a large amount (2.1%) of the micron Al-Fe-Mn and nano Al-Mn intermetallic phases in the PSMC Al-0.3Mn alloy, compared to only 0.4% of Al-Fe intermetallics in the PSMC HP Al.","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132906146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- In response to the trailing and rebounding problems caused by conventional remediation technologies for NAPL pollutants in groundwater at petrochemical contaminated sites, this study developed a modified cellulose as a safe, non-toxic and biodegradable embedding matrix, and combined it with advanced oxidants such as potassium permanganate, persulfate, and nZVI-activated persulfate as active remediation agents. The effective embedding of advanced oxidants was achieved by using organic phase separation method to achieve sustained release of oxidants, and targeted recognition and directional enrichment of organic pollutants. A solvent recycling process for the organic phase separation assembly system was constructed to significantly reduce the production cost of pollutant-targeted recognition slow-release materials. The surface properties of the modified cellulose matrix in the slow-release material and its mechanism of action in targeted recognition of pollutants were studied, and the law of the surface modification process and targeted recognition of pollutants was characterized. The dissolution mechanism and law of typical pollutants in petrochemical contaminated sites were studied to elucidate the release mechanism of targeted recognition slow-release materials for pollutants, and to establish a quantitative relationship between the slow-release rate, slow-release time, material ratio assembly process, and material ratio, to achieve quantitative control of the slow-release performance of pollutant-targeted recognition slow-release materials.This study has significant implications for the development of effective and sustainable remediation technologies for NAPL pollutants in groundwater at petrochemical contaminated sites, and provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of pollutant-targeted
{"title":"Development of Pollutant-Targeted Recognition Slow-Release Materials and Research on Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Fanbin Meng, Bing Qin, Qizhi Zhu, Jianlin Jiang","doi":"10.11159/icepr23.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icepr23.131","url":null,"abstract":"- In response to the trailing and rebounding problems caused by conventional remediation technologies for NAPL pollutants in groundwater at petrochemical contaminated sites, this study developed a modified cellulose as a safe, non-toxic and biodegradable embedding matrix, and combined it with advanced oxidants such as potassium permanganate, persulfate, and nZVI-activated persulfate as active remediation agents. The effective embedding of advanced oxidants was achieved by using organic phase separation method to achieve sustained release of oxidants, and targeted recognition and directional enrichment of organic pollutants. A solvent recycling process for the organic phase separation assembly system was constructed to significantly reduce the production cost of pollutant-targeted recognition slow-release materials. The surface properties of the modified cellulose matrix in the slow-release material and its mechanism of action in targeted recognition of pollutants were studied, and the law of the surface modification process and targeted recognition of pollutants was characterized. The dissolution mechanism and law of typical pollutants in petrochemical contaminated sites were studied to elucidate the release mechanism of targeted recognition slow-release materials for pollutants, and to establish a quantitative relationship between the slow-release rate, slow-release time, material ratio assembly process, and material ratio, to achieve quantitative control of the slow-release performance of pollutant-targeted recognition slow-release materials.This study has significant implications for the development of effective and sustainable remediation technologies for NAPL pollutants in groundwater at petrochemical contaminated sites, and provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of pollutant-targeted","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"09 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122279852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract Wildfires have been an important factor affecting the Earth's surface and atmosphere for more than 350 million years [1]. Wildfires can affect atmospheric conditions on a variety of spatial-temporal scales through the release of gases, particles, water and heat. Forest fires release a large amount of air pollutants, which cause climate change [2][3]. The occurrence and intensity of wildfires are increasing with climate change [4]. While this vicious cycle is repeated, Specific climate changes caused by emissions from wildfire smoke include changes in the land-atmosphere system due to greenhouse gases and a catalytic role in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei [5]. The use of satellite product and machine learning is essential for detection of forest fire smoke. Until now, research on forest fire smoke detection has had difficulties due to difficulties in cloud identification and vague standards of boundaries. The purpose of this study is to detect forest fire smoke using Level 1 and Level 2 data of Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS), a Korean environmental satellite sensor, and machine learning. In March 2022, the forest fire in Gangwon-do was selected as a case. And, we created two random forest model that smoke pixel classification model and regression model were performed by injecting GEMS Level 1 and Level 2 data. At this time, the input variables of the regression model were adjusted due to the problem of missing values in certain data. In the classification model, the importance of input variables is Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), 380 nm and 340 nm radiance difference, Ultra-Violet Aerosol
{"title":"Develop Smoke Detection Model Using GEMS to Respond Climate Change","authors":"Yemin Jeong, Y. Lee","doi":"10.11159/icepr23.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icepr23.117","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Wildfires have been an important factor affecting the Earth's surface and atmosphere for more than 350 million years [1]. Wildfires can affect atmospheric conditions on a variety of spatial-temporal scales through the release of gases, particles, water and heat. Forest fires release a large amount of air pollutants, which cause climate change [2][3]. The occurrence and intensity of wildfires are increasing with climate change [4]. While this vicious cycle is repeated, Specific climate changes caused by emissions from wildfire smoke include changes in the land-atmosphere system due to greenhouse gases and a catalytic role in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei [5]. The use of satellite product and machine learning is essential for detection of forest fire smoke. Until now, research on forest fire smoke detection has had difficulties due to difficulties in cloud identification and vague standards of boundaries. The purpose of this study is to detect forest fire smoke using Level 1 and Level 2 data of Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS), a Korean environmental satellite sensor, and machine learning. In March 2022, the forest fire in Gangwon-do was selected as a case. And, we created two random forest model that smoke pixel classification model and regression model were performed by injecting GEMS Level 1 and Level 2 data. At this time, the input variables of the regression model were adjusted due to the problem of missing values in certain data. In the classification model, the importance of input variables is Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), 380 nm and 340 nm radiance difference, Ultra-Violet Aerosol","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127848807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A mental disorder is characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour [1, 2]. In 2019, approximately one in every eight individuals around the world was affected by a mental disorder, with depression and anxiety being the most prevalent conditions [3]. Currently, popular prescribed types of antidepressants include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) [4]. For such medications, affordability with reasonable cost is critically important alongside their availability for treating depression. In my study, I conducted a quantitative assessment of the cost of generic medications and the corresponding brand names, as reported in the comprehensive CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services) database, focusing on commonly used antidepressants. Our findings indicate that the total number of 30-day prescription fills has consistently increased every year since 2013, suggesting that the number of people with depression is rising every year including the pandemic period. Alarmingly, the average cost per prescription fill (total cost divided by number of 30-day fills) for brand-name prescription drugs is significantly higher, ranging from 14 to 71 times more expensive, compared to their corresponding generic counterparts. For instance, Citalopram, a popular generic SSRI medication and the 31 st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States in 2020 [5], costs only $4.65 per fill in the range of 2013 to 2022. In contrast, the corresponding brand-name version, Celexa, marketed by Allergan, Inc., costs $252.32 per fill during the same time period.
{"title":"A Cost Analysis on Generic and Brand-name Anti-depression Medications","authors":"Sophia Lin","doi":"10.11159/icbb23.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icbb23.104","url":null,"abstract":"A mental disorder is characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour [1, 2]. In 2019, approximately one in every eight individuals around the world was affected by a mental disorder, with depression and anxiety being the most prevalent conditions [3]. Currently, popular prescribed types of antidepressants include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) [4]. For such medications, affordability with reasonable cost is critically important alongside their availability for treating depression. In my study, I conducted a quantitative assessment of the cost of generic medications and the corresponding brand names, as reported in the comprehensive CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services) database, focusing on commonly used antidepressants. Our findings indicate that the total number of 30-day prescription fills has consistently increased every year since 2013, suggesting that the number of people with depression is rising every year including the pandemic period. Alarmingly, the average cost per prescription fill (total cost divided by number of 30-day fills) for brand-name prescription drugs is significantly higher, ranging from 14 to 71 times more expensive, compared to their corresponding generic counterparts. For instance, Citalopram, a popular generic SSRI medication and the 31 st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States in 2020 [5], costs only $4.65 per fill in the range of 2013 to 2022. In contrast, the corresponding brand-name version, Celexa, marketed by Allergan, Inc., costs $252.32 per fill during the same time period.","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121420125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- Phytotechnologies are technologies based on the use of plants for improving environmental problems in order to detect, degrade, remove or contain contaminants in soil, groundwater, surface water, sediments or air. The use of phytotechnologies on tailings deposits is an innovative solution to mitigate the emission of particulate material, minimize wind erosion, and to improve environmental conditions and safety. Native and endemic plants are recommended, since are acclimatized to the local environment and favour natural ecological successions. The Huasco Pellets Plant (HPP), located 5 km southwest of the city of Huasco and 700 km to the north of Santiago de Chile, produces agglomerates of iron minerals. In compliance with the requirements of the Environmental Authority, the company presented a Filtered Tailings Deposit (FTD) project with a storage capacity of 14.6 million tonnes of tailings (7.6 million m 3 ). The project includes the coverage of the tailings with granular material, soil and vegetation during the progressive closure to integrate the FTD into the landscape, once the operation ceases. To guarantee a successful closure of the FTD, a phytotechnological program developed with the purposes of 1) selecting plant species for the progressive closure; 2) designing and supervising the installation and operation of a plant nursery on site; 3) designing, supervising and monitoring an experimental pilot of the phytotechnological program and 4) the elaboration of a methodological guide. To the date, the phytotechnological program has achieved the selection of the native plant species Frankenia chilensis, Jarava plumosa, Nolana sedifolia and Nolana divaricata , the implementation and operation of the nursery, and the tolerance to tailings sands of 2 of the species, together with the identification of zones differentially affected by wind erosion. The main challenges for the execution of the phytotechnological program are the governance of the project, the inclusion of the FTD closure plan from the beginning of the operation, the effective communication with the community, the company´s experience in R&D projects, regulations and guidelines for the rehabilitation of mining sites and vulnerability of biological systems to climate change. We recommend that any phytotechnological program for the rehabilitation and landscape integration of a mining tailings deposit must address these challenges, in order to minimize the risk of technological implementation.
{"title":"Rehabilitation and Landscape Integration of a Tailings Deposit in Atacama, Chile","authors":"Claudia Ortiz C., J. Palma, Pamela Valenzuela","doi":"10.11159/icepr23.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icepr23.120","url":null,"abstract":"- Phytotechnologies are technologies based on the use of plants for improving environmental problems in order to detect, degrade, remove or contain contaminants in soil, groundwater, surface water, sediments or air. The use of phytotechnologies on tailings deposits is an innovative solution to mitigate the emission of particulate material, minimize wind erosion, and to improve environmental conditions and safety. Native and endemic plants are recommended, since are acclimatized to the local environment and favour natural ecological successions. The Huasco Pellets Plant (HPP), located 5 km southwest of the city of Huasco and 700 km to the north of Santiago de Chile, produces agglomerates of iron minerals. In compliance with the requirements of the Environmental Authority, the company presented a Filtered Tailings Deposit (FTD) project with a storage capacity of 14.6 million tonnes of tailings (7.6 million m 3 ). The project includes the coverage of the tailings with granular material, soil and vegetation during the progressive closure to integrate the FTD into the landscape, once the operation ceases. To guarantee a successful closure of the FTD, a phytotechnological program developed with the purposes of 1) selecting plant species for the progressive closure; 2) designing and supervising the installation and operation of a plant nursery on site; 3) designing, supervising and monitoring an experimental pilot of the phytotechnological program and 4) the elaboration of a methodological guide. To the date, the phytotechnological program has achieved the selection of the native plant species Frankenia chilensis, Jarava plumosa, Nolana sedifolia and Nolana divaricata , the implementation and operation of the nursery, and the tolerance to tailings sands of 2 of the species, together with the identification of zones differentially affected by wind erosion. The main challenges for the execution of the phytotechnological program are the governance of the project, the inclusion of the FTD closure plan from the beginning of the operation, the effective communication with the community, the company´s experience in R&D projects, regulations and guidelines for the rehabilitation of mining sites and vulnerability of biological systems to climate change. We recommend that any phytotechnological program for the rehabilitation and landscape integration of a mining tailings deposit must address these challenges, in order to minimize the risk of technological implementation.","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115224561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samar Aarabi, Oussama Chauiyakh, E. El Fahime, Kamal Kettani, A. Et-tahir
- The Bouregreg estuary represents an ecosystem which has a very important ecological and biological interest because of its fauna and flora variety which has experienced many complex releases of various origins. In the context of ecological conservation, such as the closure of the Oulja landfill (Salé city side) and the pre-treatment of wastewater (Rabat city side). This study based on the determination of ecological quality by obtaining a preliminary level assessment and distribution of six heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd) were measured in water and sediment to understand the level of heavy metals and their distribution at source.The samples were taken at 5 stations in the Bouregreg estuary in the Rabat/Salé region and were collected in August 2022.
{"title":"Assessment Of Heavy Metals For Sediments And Water In The Bouregreg Estuary","authors":"Samar Aarabi, Oussama Chauiyakh, E. El Fahime, Kamal Kettani, A. Et-tahir","doi":"10.11159/icepr23.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icepr23.140","url":null,"abstract":"- The Bouregreg estuary represents an ecosystem which has a very important ecological and biological interest because of its fauna and flora variety which has experienced many complex releases of various origins. In the context of ecological conservation, such as the closure of the Oulja landfill (Salé city side) and the pre-treatment of wastewater (Rabat city side). This study based on the determination of ecological quality by obtaining a preliminary level assessment and distribution of six heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd) were measured in water and sediment to understand the level of heavy metals and their distribution at source.The samples were taken at 5 stations in the Bouregreg estuary in the Rabat/Salé region and were collected in August 2022.","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115899423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- Polymer nanocomposite membrane is an innovative and promising approach with a broad spectrum of potential applications in filtration processes. It is used to selectively separate molecules and ions. A comprehensive understanding of its environmental impacts, covering the life cycle of the used materials and the fabrication process, is crucial for its long-term sustainable success. This research aims to elaborate and implement a decision-making tool for greener membrane fabrication process. The environmental impacts of synthesizing one batch of Nanocomposite cellulose nanofibrils/cellulose acetate membrane using 50 gr polymer dope solution by electrospinning technique was determined based on a life cycle assessment methodology. The eco-sufficiency and sustainability of the electrospinning method were evaluated through a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) adopting the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED), and IMPACT2002+ impact assessment methods. According to CED assessment, the majority of energy consumed during electrospun membrane synthesis, amounting to 382 MJ, was consumed by the production of cellulose nanofibers. This is related to non-renewable fossil energy consumed in Ethanol production. As per IMPACT2002+ impact assessment, cellulose acetate and cellulose nanofiber manufacturing, and medium voltage electricity are the main contributors to the overall midpoint environmental effects.
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Electrospun Cellulose-Based Nanocomposite\u0000Membrane Fabrication","authors":"Nasrin Attari, R. Hausler","doi":"10.11159/icepr23.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icepr23.105","url":null,"abstract":"- Polymer nanocomposite membrane is an innovative and promising approach with a broad spectrum of potential applications in filtration processes. It is used to selectively separate molecules and ions. A comprehensive understanding of its environmental impacts, covering the life cycle of the used materials and the fabrication process, is crucial for its long-term sustainable success. This research aims to elaborate and implement a decision-making tool for greener membrane fabrication process. The environmental impacts of synthesizing one batch of Nanocomposite cellulose nanofibrils/cellulose acetate membrane using 50 gr polymer dope solution by electrospinning technique was determined based on a life cycle assessment methodology. The eco-sufficiency and sustainability of the electrospinning method were evaluated through a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) adopting the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED), and IMPACT2002+ impact assessment methods. According to CED assessment, the majority of energy consumed during electrospun membrane synthesis, amounting to 382 MJ, was consumed by the production of cellulose nanofibers. This is related to non-renewable fossil energy consumed in Ethanol production. As per IMPACT2002+ impact assessment, cellulose acetate and cellulose nanofiber manufacturing, and medium voltage electricity are the main contributors to the overall midpoint environmental effects.","PeriodicalId":398088,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132313260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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