Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important hospital infection agent causing morbidity and mortality with the ability to gain resistance to many antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity profiles of nosocomial P.aeruginosa isolates in Denizli, Turkey.Methods: A total 120 P. aeruginosa strains which were isolated from specimens sent to the microbiology laboratory between January 2015 and December 2015 were investigated. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by agar disc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations.Results: With respect to sensitivity pattern, the most sensitive antimicrobials were Amikacin, colistin, tobramisin, netilmicin and gentamicin and the resistance rates were detected as 97%, 96%, 92%, 90%, 83%, respectively over 120 P. aeruginosa strains. The sensitivity rates for the other antimicrobials were 56% for Piperacilin and 54% for Tazobactam. P. aeruginosa strains 62 (52%) isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistance to 13 antimicrobialsConclusion: To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antimicrobial policies while surveillance programmes for multidrug resistant organisms and infection control procedures need to be implemented. In the meantime, it is desirable that the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens like P. aeruginosa in specialized clinical units to be continuously monitored and the results readily made available to clinicians so as to minimize the development of resistance.
{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and multidrug resistance ındex in Pseudomonas aeruginosa among clinical isolates in Denizli, Turkey","authors":"Selma Kırac, Dilek Keskin, Muradiye Yarar","doi":"10.4314/thrb.v20i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important hospital infection agent causing morbidity and mortality with the ability to gain resistance to many antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity profiles of nosocomial P.aeruginosa isolates in Denizli, Turkey.Methods: A total 120 P. aeruginosa strains which were isolated from specimens sent to the microbiology laboratory between January 2015 and December 2015 were investigated. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by agar disc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations.Results: With respect to sensitivity pattern, the most sensitive antimicrobials were Amikacin, colistin, tobramisin, netilmicin and gentamicin and the resistance rates were detected as 97%, 96%, 92%, 90%, 83%, respectively over 120 P. aeruginosa strains. The sensitivity rates for the other antimicrobials were 56% for Piperacilin and 54% for Tazobactam. P. aeruginosa strains 62 (52%) isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistance to 13 antimicrobialsConclusion: To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antimicrobial policies while surveillance programmes for multidrug resistant organisms and infection control procedures need to be implemented. In the meantime, it is desirable that the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens like P. aeruginosa in specialized clinical units to be continuously monitored and the results readily made available to clinicians so as to minimize the development of resistance.","PeriodicalId":39815,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46520549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed S. Binde, Godrey Kasanga, P. Chalya, W. Mahalu
Background: Despite the fact that abdominal ultrasound has been widely used in many centres in Tanzania as a primary diagnostic imaging for patients with abdomino-pelvic lesions, its diagnostic utility has not yet been assessed in Tanzania, and therefore its use as an alternative diagnostic tool in patients with abdomino-pelvic lesions is not justified. This study aimed to determine the utility of abdominal ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdomino-pelvic lesions in our local setting.Methods: This was a cross sectional study to evaluate the diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in patients presenting with abdomino-pelvic lesions at Bugando Medical Centre between January 2017 and July 2017. Abdominal ultrasonographic findings were cross-tabulated against operative findings (the gold standard). Then, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and accuracy were calculated to determine the diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound.Results: A total of 146 patients (M: F ratio = 1: 2.2) were studied. The mean age at diagnosis was 39.3 years. The diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 39.4-100%, 0-100%, 64.7-100%, 0-100% and 40.8-100% respectively. The kappa statistic (қ) showed good to excellent agreement with the operative findings, the gold standard (қ = 0.75-1.00).Conclusion: The diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in detecting abdomino-pelvic lesions is much lower than that seen in developed countries, hence, abdominal ultrasound is not a reliable tool in detecting abdomino-pelvic lesions at Bugando Medical Centre and therefore its use should be supplemented with abdominal CT scan in selected cases.
{"title":"Diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in the evaluation of abdomino-pelvic lesions at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania","authors":"Mohamed S. Binde, Godrey Kasanga, P. Chalya, W. Mahalu","doi":"10.4314/thrb.v20i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the fact that abdominal ultrasound has been widely used in many centres in Tanzania as a primary diagnostic imaging for patients with abdomino-pelvic lesions, its diagnostic utility has not yet been assessed in Tanzania, and therefore its use as an alternative diagnostic tool in patients with abdomino-pelvic lesions is not justified. This study aimed to determine the utility of abdominal ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdomino-pelvic lesions in our local setting.Methods: This was a cross sectional study to evaluate the diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in patients presenting with abdomino-pelvic lesions at Bugando Medical Centre between January 2017 and July 2017. Abdominal ultrasonographic findings were cross-tabulated against operative findings (the gold standard). Then, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and accuracy were calculated to determine the diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound.Results: A total of 146 patients (M: F ratio = 1: 2.2) were studied. The mean age at diagnosis was 39.3 years. The diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 39.4-100%, 0-100%, 64.7-100%, 0-100% and 40.8-100% respectively. The kappa statistic (қ) showed good to excellent agreement with the operative findings, the gold standard (қ = 0.75-1.00).Conclusion: The diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound in detecting abdomino-pelvic lesions is much lower than that seen in developed countries, hence, abdominal ultrasound is not a reliable tool in detecting abdomino-pelvic lesions at Bugando Medical Centre and therefore its use should be supplemented with abdominal CT scan in selected cases.","PeriodicalId":39815,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49060924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fowotade, Akande Oluseyi, A. Gbaja, V. O. Ogunleye, A. Ajayi, A. Kehinde
Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the causative agent of acute viral hepatitis in humans. HEV is an important public health disease in many parts of the world because it is transmitted faeco-orally. Majority of the documented studies on hepatitis E virus in Nigeria have focused on pregnant women and animal handlers with limited data among food handlers. Thus the current study aimed at investigating the prevalence of HEV infection among food handlers operating within the premises of a tertiary care facility.Methods: One hundred and seventy seven (177) food handlers were screened using commercial Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect IgM antibodies to Hepatitis E. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for HEV infection.Results: HEV IgM antibodies were detected in 16 (9.0%) of the participants. Age-specific HEV IgM seroprevalence appeared to decrease with age, however there were no significant differences in HEV IgM seropositivity regarding age (P=0.251), gender (P = 0.231), marital status (P=0.735) and religion (P = 0.906). Significant risk factors for HEV IgM seropositivity included source of water for drinking (P=0.03) and the use of soap for hand washing (P=0.02).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HEV remains a public health problem, as the virus circulates at low but considerable levels especially among food handlers; thus posing a threat to potential contacts. Proper hand washing practices as well as provision of portable water are important factors for the control of Hepatitis E.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis E among restaurant food handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"A. Fowotade, Akande Oluseyi, A. Gbaja, V. O. Ogunleye, A. Ajayi, A. Kehinde","doi":"10.4314/thrb.v20i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.2","url":null,"abstract":" Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the causative agent of acute viral hepatitis in humans. HEV is an important public health disease in many parts of the world because it is transmitted faeco-orally. Majority of the documented studies on hepatitis E virus in Nigeria have focused on pregnant women and animal handlers with limited data among food handlers. Thus the current study aimed at investigating the prevalence of HEV infection among food handlers operating within the premises of a tertiary care facility.Methods: One hundred and seventy seven (177) food handlers were screened using commercial Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect IgM antibodies to Hepatitis E. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for HEV infection.Results: HEV IgM antibodies were detected in 16 (9.0%) of the participants. Age-specific HEV IgM seroprevalence appeared to decrease with age, however there were no significant differences in HEV IgM seropositivity regarding age (P=0.251), gender (P = 0.231), marital status (P=0.735) and religion (P = 0.906). Significant risk factors for HEV IgM seropositivity included source of water for drinking (P=0.03) and the use of soap for hand washing (P=0.02).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HEV remains a public health problem, as the virus circulates at low but considerable levels especially among food handlers; thus posing a threat to potential contacts. Proper hand washing practices as well as provision of portable water are important factors for the control of Hepatitis E.","PeriodicalId":39815,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42251096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kosaryan, H. Karami, Hadi Darvishi-Khezri, Rozita Akbarzadeh, Aily Aliasgharian, Khadijeh Bromand
Background: Major thalassemia prevention project in Iran began in 1997. Mazandaran Province in northern Iran took effective steps in preventing the birth of patients with thalassemia major in the country. We report on the demographic status of patients with thalassemia major registered in the electronic system of Mazandaran Province in Iran.Methods: The web-based application of the Mazandaran Thalassemia Registry (THRegistry) was designed based on the Net Framework platform in VB.Net and the 2014Sql Server database. The information source included clinical records in 14 thalassemic wards of the Mazandaran province hospitals. Epidemiological data of patients and date of transfusion, blood group, educational status, employment, marital status and having children were recorded.Results: The study population was 1,725 patients including 889 (51.5%) women and 836 (48.5%) men with a mean age of 30±9.6 years. A total of 188 patients born have been identified after the launch of the country's disease prevention plan in 1997. Prenatal diagnosis (PND) services were not used in 99 cases, PND result was mistaken in 6 other cases and in the remaining 5 cases PND was performed. A total of 1,314 patients (76.2%) were blood transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT). Mean haemoglobin level in male and female patients was 9.4±6.3 and 9.01±5.1/100 g/dl, respectively. The mean age of onset of transfusion was 4±6.3 years. A total of 382 cases (22.1%) of married patients had a child of their own.Conclusions: The system is a good resource to design descriptive and cohort studies, survival studies, therapeutic planning, and observation of the success of the major thalassemia prevention project.
{"title":"Demographic data of patients with β-thalassemia major recorded in the electronic system in the north of Iran, 2016","authors":"M. Kosaryan, H. Karami, Hadi Darvishi-Khezri, Rozita Akbarzadeh, Aily Aliasgharian, Khadijeh Bromand","doi":"10.4314/thrb.v20i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Major thalassemia prevention project in Iran began in 1997. Mazandaran Province in northern Iran took effective steps in preventing the birth of patients with thalassemia major in the country. We report on the demographic status of patients with thalassemia major registered in the electronic system of Mazandaran Province in Iran.Methods: The web-based application of the Mazandaran Thalassemia Registry (THRegistry) was designed based on the Net Framework platform in VB.Net and the 2014Sql Server database. The information source included clinical records in 14 thalassemic wards of the Mazandaran province hospitals. Epidemiological data of patients and date of transfusion, blood group, educational status, employment, marital status and having children were recorded.Results: The study population was 1,725 patients including 889 (51.5%) women and 836 (48.5%) men with a mean age of 30±9.6 years. A total of 188 patients born have been identified after the launch of the country's disease prevention plan in 1997. Prenatal diagnosis (PND) services were not used in 99 cases, PND result was mistaken in 6 other cases and in the remaining 5 cases PND was performed. A total of 1,314 patients (76.2%) were blood transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT). Mean haemoglobin level in male and female patients was 9.4±6.3 and 9.01±5.1/100 g/dl, respectively. The mean age of onset of transfusion was 4±6.3 years. A total of 382 cases (22.1%) of married patients had a child of their own.Conclusions: The system is a good resource to design descriptive and cohort studies, survival studies, therapeutic planning, and observation of the success of the major thalassemia prevention project.","PeriodicalId":39815,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41931229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Tanzania is among sub-Saharan countries severely affected by the HIV and AIDS epidemic, with an increased burden among high-risk populations, such as bar waitresses. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) is among effective approaches to slow down the spread of HIV infection and minimize its impact. However, little information is available on the extent of utilisation of VCT services among bar waitresses. The study examined utilisation of VCT services and its influencing factors among bar waitresses in Kinondoni district, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: We used an interview schedule to gather information on VCT utilisation from 378 bar waitresses, identified using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (Version 15.0). A p-value less than 0.05 was used as a cut-off value for availability of a statistical association between VCT utilisation and related independent factors. Logistic regression models were employed to assess independent correlates of VCT use.Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of the respondents was 26.1 (5.0) years. About 60% had never been married and about 70% had at least one child at the time of the survey. Majority of the bar waitresses (89.7%) affirmed to have ever utilized VCT services at some point in their lifetime. Despite the high level of knowledge on VCT (71.4%), the services were irregularly utilized with less than half (45.5%) of the respondents utilizing them within six months prior to the survey. Independent predictors for service utilisation included having a child, having higher knowledge on VCT, using a condom in the most recent sexual act as well as lack of fear of positive HIV results or stigmatization.Conclusions: Utilisation of VCT services is high among bar waitresses in Kinondoni district. However, the services are not utilised regularly as recommended for high-risk populations. Findings call for comprehensive strategies to enhance effective service utilisation and further studies based on a broader and more inclusive sample size.
{"title":"Utilisation of voluntary counselling and testing services among bar waitresses in Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","authors":"A. Tengia–Kessy, Dominica E. Lyamuya","doi":"10.4314/thrb.v20i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.1","url":null,"abstract":" Background: Tanzania is among sub-Saharan countries severely affected by the HIV and AIDS epidemic, with an increased burden among high-risk populations, such as bar waitresses. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) is among effective approaches to slow down the spread of HIV infection and minimize its impact. However, little information is available on the extent of utilisation of VCT services among bar waitresses. The study examined utilisation of VCT services and its influencing factors among bar waitresses in Kinondoni district, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: We used an interview schedule to gather information on VCT utilisation from 378 bar waitresses, identified using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (Version 15.0). A p-value less than 0.05 was used as a cut-off value for availability of a statistical association between VCT utilisation and related independent factors. Logistic regression models were employed to assess independent correlates of VCT use.Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of the respondents was 26.1 (5.0) years. About 60% had never been married and about 70% had at least one child at the time of the survey. Majority of the bar waitresses (89.7%) affirmed to have ever utilized VCT services at some point in their lifetime. Despite the high level of knowledge on VCT (71.4%), the services were irregularly utilized with less than half (45.5%) of the respondents utilizing them within six months prior to the survey. Independent predictors for service utilisation included having a child, having higher knowledge on VCT, using a condom in the most recent sexual act as well as lack of fear of positive HIV results or stigmatization.Conclusions: Utilisation of VCT services is high among bar waitresses in Kinondoni district. However, the services are not utilised regularly as recommended for high-risk populations. Findings call for comprehensive strategies to enhance effective service utilisation and further studies based on a broader and more inclusive sample size. ","PeriodicalId":39815,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42392295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kosaryan, H. Karami, Hadi Darvishi-Khezri, Rozita Akbarzadeh, Aily Aliasgharian, Khadijeh Bromand
Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the causative agent of acute viral hepatitis in humans. HEV is an important public health disease in many parts of the world because it is transmitted faeco-orally. Majority of the documented studies on hepatitis E virus in Nigeria have focused on pregnant women and animal handlers with limited data among food handlers. Thus the current study aimed at investigating the prevalence of HEV infection among food handlers operating within the premises of a tertiary care facility. Methods: One hundred and seventy seven (177) food handlers were screened using commercial Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect IgM antibodies to Hepatitis E. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for HEV infection. Results : HEV IgM antibodies were detected in 16 (9.0%) of the participants. Age-specific HEV IgM seroprevalence appeared to decrease with age, however there were no significant differences in HEV IgM seropositivity regarding age (P=0.251), gender (P = 0.231), marital status (P=0.735) and religion (P = 0.906). Significant risk factors for HEV IgM seropositivity included source of water for drinking (P=0.03) and the use of soap for hand washing (P=0.02). Conclusion : Our findings suggest that HEV remains a public health problem, as the virus circulates at low but considerable levels especially among food handlers; thus posing a threat to potential contacts. Proper hand washing practices as well as provision of portable water are important factors for the control of Hepatitis E.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis E among restaurant food handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"M. Kosaryan, H. Karami, Hadi Darvishi-Khezri, Rozita Akbarzadeh, Aily Aliasgharian, Khadijeh Bromand","doi":"10.4314/THRB.V20I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/THRB.V20I3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the causative agent of acute viral hepatitis in humans. HEV is an important public health disease in many parts of the world because it is transmitted faeco-orally. Majority of the documented studies on hepatitis E virus in Nigeria have focused on pregnant women and animal handlers with limited data among food handlers. Thus the current study aimed at investigating the prevalence of HEV infection among food handlers operating within the premises of a tertiary care facility. Methods: One hundred and seventy seven (177) food handlers were screened using commercial Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect IgM antibodies to Hepatitis E. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for HEV infection. Results : HEV IgM antibodies were detected in 16 (9.0%) of the participants. Age-specific HEV IgM seroprevalence appeared to decrease with age, however there were no significant differences in HEV IgM seropositivity regarding age (P=0.251), gender (P = 0.231), marital status (P=0.735) and religion (P = 0.906). Significant risk factors for HEV IgM seropositivity included source of water for drinking (P=0.03) and the use of soap for hand washing (P=0.02). Conclusion : Our findings suggest that HEV remains a public health problem, as the virus circulates at low but considerable levels especially among food handlers; thus posing a threat to potential contacts. Proper hand washing practices as well as provision of portable water are important factors for the control of Hepatitis E.","PeriodicalId":39815,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/THRB.V20I3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46489287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Majority of mothers in Tanzania fail to practice effective breastfeeding for various reasons. The objective of this study was to determine breastfeeding- related information seeking behaviour among parents in Mbeya City of Tanzania.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Parents of infants and children aged between 0-2 years and health care workers were interviewed. Secondary data was collected by using documentary review. Information sought was related to the perceptions of parents towards the usefulness of breastfeeding and breastfeeding practices. The observation method was used to identify and verify the actual available, accessible, and usable breastfeeding information.Results: The key findings suggest that information needs of parents and sources and channels used vary and depended on the time intended to breastfed the child. Mainly, the parents’ needs information on nutritious food, introduction of complimentary food, breast care, and care techniques for when away from babies, frequency and implications of breastfeeding. Friends, relatives, neighbours, health professional were the most commonly sources of breastfeeding information. The majority of parents perceived that access to and usage of breastfeeding information improve breastfeeding rate, decision making, increase awareness and knowledge, and breastfeeding practices.Conclusion: Information seeking behaviour varies from one parent to another hence the varying preferences in informal and formal sources. Increasing accessibility and usability of breastfeeding information is necessary in ensuring that one of the basic human rights is safeguarded
{"title":"Breastfeeding information seeking behaviour among parents in Mbeya City, Tanzania","authors":"Neema Mwaisela, Kelefa Mwantimwa","doi":"10.4314/thrb.v20i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Majority of mothers in Tanzania fail to practice effective breastfeeding for various reasons. The objective of this study was to determine breastfeeding- related information seeking behaviour among parents in Mbeya City of Tanzania.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Parents of infants and children aged between 0-2 years and health care workers were interviewed. Secondary data was collected by using documentary review. Information sought was related to the perceptions of parents towards the usefulness of breastfeeding and breastfeeding practices. The observation method was used to identify and verify the actual available, accessible, and usable breastfeeding information.Results: The key findings suggest that information needs of parents and sources and channels used vary and depended on the time intended to breastfed the child. Mainly, the parents’ needs information on nutritious food, introduction of complimentary food, breast care, and care techniques for when away from babies, frequency and implications of breastfeeding. Friends, relatives, neighbours, health professional were the most commonly sources of breastfeeding information. The majority of parents perceived that access to and usage of breastfeeding information improve breastfeeding rate, decision making, increase awareness and knowledge, and breastfeeding practices.Conclusion: Information seeking behaviour varies from one parent to another hence the varying preferences in informal and formal sources. Increasing accessibility and usability of breastfeeding information is necessary in ensuring that one of the basic human rights is safeguarded","PeriodicalId":39815,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47315504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zephania Saitabau, Martin Elimath, N. Moshi, E. Richard, D. Ntunaguzi
Background: Bilateral choanal atresia refers to a congenital anomaly whereby a child is born with bilateral imperforate posterior nares. In most cases the diagnosis is established soon after birth. Establishment of the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion by clinicians. The objective was thus to report an unusual case which went undiagnosed for many years and review the few available literatures.Case presentation: A 16-year old girl presented to the otorhinolaryngology clinic of Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania with a long standing history of bilateral nasal obstruction. The condition was reported to be present since birth and this was accompanied by mouth breathing and persistent bilateral nasal discharge. The patient also reported a history suggestive of respiratory distress after birth which necessitated oxygen therapy and difficulty in breastfeeding where she was kept on expressed breast milk during the first few weeks of life. Nasal endoscopy was done clinic and the diagnosis of bilateral congenital choanal atresia was made. Computerized tomography scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses revealed bilateral choanal atresia of mixed type. Surgical perforation of the atretic choanae without stenting was done endoscopically under general anaesthesia.Conclusion: Bilateral congenital choanal atresia is an otorhinolaryngological emergency and should be established promptly both in resource limited settings and in areas where advanced tools are in situ to prevent its morbidity and mortality if it goes unestablished.
{"title":"Bilateral congenital choanal atresia in a 16-year old girl at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania","authors":"Zephania Saitabau, Martin Elimath, N. Moshi, E. Richard, D. Ntunaguzi","doi":"10.4314/thrb.v20i3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bilateral choanal atresia refers to a congenital anomaly whereby a child is born with bilateral imperforate posterior nares. In most cases the diagnosis is established soon after birth. Establishment of the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion by clinicians. The objective was thus to report an unusual case which went undiagnosed for many years and review the few available literatures.Case presentation: A 16-year old girl presented to the otorhinolaryngology clinic of Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania with a long standing history of bilateral nasal obstruction. The condition was reported to be present since birth and this was accompanied by mouth breathing and persistent bilateral nasal discharge. The patient also reported a history suggestive of respiratory distress after birth which necessitated oxygen therapy and difficulty in breastfeeding where she was kept on expressed breast milk during the first few weeks of life. Nasal endoscopy was done clinic and the diagnosis of bilateral congenital choanal atresia was made. Computerized tomography scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses revealed bilateral choanal atresia of mixed type. Surgical perforation of the atretic choanae without stenting was done endoscopically under general anaesthesia.Conclusion: Bilateral congenital choanal atresia is an otorhinolaryngological emergency and should be established promptly both in resource limited settings and in areas where advanced tools are in situ to prevent its morbidity and mortality if it goes unestablished.","PeriodicalId":39815,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44347916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mushi, Oswald E. Mpelasoka, H. Mazigo, L. McLeod, N. Moremi, M. Mirambo, S. Mshana
Background: Drinking water of acceptable quality is supposed to be free from faecal coliform and chemical substances that may be hazardous to human health. Water treatment and safe storage at the household level has been advocated as effective means of ensuring safe drinking water. This study was undertaken to determine the microbiological quality of the drinking water at household level in the squatter settlements in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2014 and September 2014. A total of 15 randomly selected water sources (tap) and 207 households’ drinking water samples from these sources were studied to ascertain level of water contamination using Membrane Filtration Method. Pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect demographic and other data regarding water treatment and storage. Data were entered, cleaned and analysed using STATA Version 11.Results: All 15 samples from tap used as water sources were found to be free of indicator organism (Escherichia coli) while 109 (52.66%) of drinking water samples from 207 households were found to be contaminated with E. coli. All contaminated drinking water samples were from containers with no cover and spigot. Conclusions: There is a significant level of deterioration of water quality from the source to the drinking cup. Efforts to ensure quality storage methods for drinking water should be addressed at household level.
{"title":"High rate of drinking water contamination due to poor storage in squatter settlements in Mwanza, Tanzania","authors":"M. Mushi, Oswald E. Mpelasoka, H. Mazigo, L. McLeod, N. Moremi, M. Mirambo, S. Mshana","doi":"10.4314/thrb.v20i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drinking water of acceptable quality is supposed to be free from faecal coliform and chemical substances that may be hazardous to human health. Water treatment and safe storage at the household level has been advocated as effective means of ensuring safe drinking water. This study was undertaken to determine the microbiological quality of the drinking water at household level in the squatter settlements in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2014 and September 2014. A total of 15 randomly selected water sources (tap) and 207 households’ drinking water samples from these sources were studied to ascertain level of water contamination using Membrane Filtration Method. Pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect demographic and other data regarding water treatment and storage. Data were entered, cleaned and analysed using STATA Version 11.Results: All 15 samples from tap used as water sources were found to be free of indicator organism (Escherichia coli) while 109 (52.66%) of drinking water samples from 207 households were found to be contaminated with E. coli. All contaminated drinking water samples were from containers with no cover and spigot. Conclusions: There is a significant level of deterioration of water quality from the source to the drinking cup. Efforts to ensure quality storage methods for drinking water should be addressed at household level.","PeriodicalId":39815,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42315915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Malnutrition is known to play a significant role in HIV/AIDS progression. Severe malnutrition has been previously found to be associated with early mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) undergoing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among adult PLHIV attending care and treatment centre (CTC) in Temeke District, Tanzania. Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study involved consecutive eligible patients attending the CTC for initiating in ART, between January and April, 2014. All participants who agreed to sign a consent form were enrolled. The participants had undergone baseline workup for ART initiation (by CTC), which included blood tests for liver and renal function tests, and CD4+ cell count, using calibrated instruments and standard techniques. In all patients the weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI), denoting the nutritional status. This parameter was recorded in the study instrument together with the CD4+ count for each patient. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain more information, namely demographic and lifestyle data. Results: A total of 125 patients were included in this study . The prevalence of malnutrition among participants was 19.4%. Those with severe malnutrition comprised of 9%. Significant association was noted between malnutrition and irregular income (OR= 3.8, CI: 1.2-11.5) and also inability to get at least two meals a day (OR= 3.4, CI: 1.2-9.2). Severe malnutrition was significantly associated with the CD4+ counts of <200 cells/mm (OR =7.6; CI: 1.7-34.6). Conclusion : About 19% of participants were malnourished at the time of initiation of ART and among them 9% were severely malnourished. The most important risks for malnutrition were found to be irregular income and inability to get adequate feeding. This calls for routine nutritional assessment at CTCs prior to initiation of ART so as to identify those who need immediate intervention, including those with severe malnutrition.
{"title":"Malnutrition and associated factors among adults starting on antiretroviral therapy at PASADA Hospital in Temeke District Tanzania.","authors":"T. Kabalimu, E. Sungwa, Warles C. Lwabukuna","doi":"10.4314/THRB.V20I2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/THRB.V20I2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition is known to play a significant role in HIV/AIDS progression. Severe malnutrition has been previously found to be associated with early mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) undergoing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among adult PLHIV attending care and treatment centre (CTC) in Temeke District, Tanzania. Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study involved consecutive eligible patients attending the CTC for initiating in ART, between January and April, 2014. All participants who agreed to sign a consent form were enrolled. The participants had undergone baseline workup for ART initiation (by CTC), which included blood tests for liver and renal function tests, and CD4+ cell count, using calibrated instruments and standard techniques. In all patients the weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI), denoting the nutritional status. This parameter was recorded in the study instrument together with the CD4+ count for each patient. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain more information, namely demographic and lifestyle data. Results: A total of 125 patients were included in this study . The prevalence of malnutrition among participants was 19.4%. Those with severe malnutrition comprised of 9%. Significant association was noted between malnutrition and irregular income (OR= 3.8, CI: 1.2-11.5) and also inability to get at least two meals a day (OR= 3.4, CI: 1.2-9.2). Severe malnutrition was significantly associated with the CD4+ counts of <200 cells/mm (OR =7.6; CI: 1.7-34.6). Conclusion : About 19% of participants were malnourished at the time of initiation of ART and among them 9% were severely malnourished. The most important risks for malnutrition were found to be irregular income and inability to get adequate feeding. This calls for routine nutritional assessment at CTCs prior to initiation of ART so as to identify those who need immediate intervention, including those with severe malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":39815,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47604571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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