Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0270319X.2021.2003686
Connie K. N. Chang
Abstract This article uses the design thinking methods of user personas and user journeys to consider how to improve the user experience of searching for free legal information online. A universal design for free legal information websites would accommodate people with varying levels of online search skills and familiarity with the law, thus enhancing access to justice. To realize a vision of robust and user-friendly access to free online legal information, this article presents a prototype for a network of official legal information websites with the same look, layout, and functionality—all designed to be useful, inclusive, and simple to use.
{"title":"Improving Access to Free Online Legal Information Through Universal Design: User Personas, User Journeys, a Proposal, and a Prototype","authors":"Connie K. N. Chang","doi":"10.1080/0270319X.2021.2003686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319X.2021.2003686","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article uses the design thinking methods of user personas and user journeys to consider how to improve the user experience of searching for free legal information online. A universal design for free legal information websites would accommodate people with varying levels of online search skills and familiarity with the law, thus enhancing access to justice. To realize a vision of robust and user-friendly access to free online legal information, this article presents a prototype for a network of official legal information websites with the same look, layout, and functionality—all designed to be useful, inclusive, and simple to use.","PeriodicalId":39856,"journal":{"name":"Legal Reference Services Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"199 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42854593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/0270319x.2021.1966238
Michelle M. Wu
Abstract Since its inception, Copyright has had two purposes: the private interest of the author in being paid for her work and the public interest served by the dissemination of these works. Within the last two decades, though, some industries have systematically undermined both of those interests, redirecting the benefits of copyright towards themselves instead of the intended beneficiaries. This paper looks at the book, music, and entertainment industries, examines how copyright has been used to suppress the uses it was intended to foster, and explores ongoing and proposed avenues for course correction
{"title":"The Corruption of Copyright and Returning It to Its Original Purposes","authors":"Michelle M. Wu","doi":"10.1080/0270319x.2021.1966238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319x.2021.1966238","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since its inception, Copyright has had two purposes: the private interest of the author in being paid for her work and the public interest served by the dissemination of these works. Within the last two decades, though, some industries have systematically undermined both of those interests, redirecting the benefits of copyright towards themselves instead of the intended beneficiaries. This paper looks at the book, music, and entertainment industries, examines how copyright has been used to suppress the uses it was intended to foster, and explores ongoing and proposed avenues for course correction","PeriodicalId":39856,"journal":{"name":"Legal Reference Services Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"113 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49000464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/0270319x.2021.1966239
Michelle M. Wu
Abstract Unfiltered, unverified information flows freely on the web and is much more easily found and used than reliable sources. There are logical reasons for this, as quality, reliable information often costs both time and money to investigate, verify, and publish. However, that type of investment only justifies the charging for the information at the outset, not the cabining of it once it is available and has been purchased. Where public libraries have acquired content, they should be allowed to maximize its use in society within the bounds of copyright. Such use is within the spirit of copyright and its hope for an informed citizenry and more equal access to information. Private legislation coupled with library collaboration on multiplying access points could make quality information available to the public in a quantity and manner that could help fight the war on misinformation.
{"title":"Could Private Legislation Be the First Key to Unlocking the Nation’s Information Resources in the Battle against Misinformation?","authors":"Michelle M. Wu","doi":"10.1080/0270319x.2021.1966239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319x.2021.1966239","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Unfiltered, unverified information flows freely on the web and is much more easily found and used than reliable sources. There are logical reasons for this, as quality, reliable information often costs both time and money to investigate, verify, and publish. However, that type of investment only justifies the charging for the information at the outset, not the cabining of it once it is available and has been purchased. Where public libraries have acquired content, they should be allowed to maximize its use in society within the bounds of copyright. Such use is within the spirit of copyright and its hope for an informed citizenry and more equal access to information. Private legislation coupled with library collaboration on multiplying access points could make quality information available to the public in a quantity and manner that could help fight the war on misinformation.","PeriodicalId":39856,"journal":{"name":"Legal Reference Services Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"157 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44743020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/0270319X.2021.1966240
Katie D. Fletcher
Abstract The third principle of the American Association of Law Libraries’ Principles and Standards for Legal Research Competencies states: “A successful researcher critically evaluates information.” This evaluation includes evaluating legal information of material under criteria of “authority, credibility, currency, authenticity, relevance, and bias.” Does this standard include information contained in legal casebooks? This article’s goal is to show examples of case treatment in casebooks in Constitutional Law, Property, and Civil Procedure that demonstrate authors’ biases in their selection and editing of cases. Under the AALL standards and the ACRL Standards and Framework for Information literacy, librarians should teach students how to think critically about all the legal information presented to them—including casebooks.
{"title":"Casebooks, Bias, and Information Literacy—Do Law Librarians Have a Duty?","authors":"Katie D. Fletcher","doi":"10.1080/0270319X.2021.1966240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319X.2021.1966240","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The third principle of the American Association of Law Libraries’ Principles and Standards for Legal Research Competencies states: “A successful researcher critically evaluates information.” This evaluation includes evaluating legal information of material under criteria of “authority, credibility, currency, authenticity, relevance, and bias.” Does this standard include information contained in legal casebooks? This article’s goal is to show examples of case treatment in casebooks in Constitutional Law, Property, and Civil Procedure that demonstrate authors’ biases in their selection and editing of cases. Under the AALL standards and the ACRL Standards and Framework for Information literacy, librarians should teach students how to think critically about all the legal information presented to them—including casebooks.","PeriodicalId":39856,"journal":{"name":"Legal Reference Services Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"184 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47847969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-19DOI: 10.1080/0270319x.2021.1966237
Bonnie J. Shucha
Abstract This article examines the new U.S. News scholarly impact ranking and its use of HeinOnline as a data source. It compares law journal and interdisciplinary scholarship citation metrics and explores how the exclusion of the latter may severely skew scholarly impact rankings against some law schools. The remainder of this article suggests strategies to improve the accuracy of citation metrics for legal scholars and to promote the visibility of their scholarship.
{"title":"Representing Law Faculty Scholarly Impact: Strategies for Improving Citation Metrics Accuracy and Promoting Scholarly Visibility","authors":"Bonnie J. Shucha","doi":"10.1080/0270319x.2021.1966237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319x.2021.1966237","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the new U.S. News scholarly impact ranking and its use of HeinOnline as a data source. It compares law journal and interdisciplinary scholarship citation metrics and explores how the exclusion of the latter may severely skew scholarly impact rankings against some law schools. The remainder of this article suggests strategies to improve the accuracy of citation metrics for legal scholars and to promote the visibility of their scholarship.","PeriodicalId":39856,"journal":{"name":"Legal Reference Services Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"81 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0270319X.2021.1886785
P. Callister
Abstract Harvard’s Perma.cc offers the solution to link rot—the phenomenon that citations in academic journals to Web materials disappear with the passage of time, resulting in “broken links” and disappearance of material from the Web. This article will describe Perma.cc and outline the kinds of copyright issues that may arise, including heavy use of copyright statutes and case law. It will examine the kind of preservation use of copyrighted materials, with reference to fair use, and the library prerogatives as exceptions to the exclusive rights of authors of materials found on the Web. This analysis includes detailed analysis of “transformative use” and the four factors of 17 U.S.C. § 107. It will consider the liability of Perma.cc and participating libraries and institutions under theories of contributory infringement and vicarious liability, including as modified by 17 U.S.C. § 512(c) and (d), governing takedown notices. The article concludes that Perma.cc’s archival use is neither firmly grounded in existing fair use nor library exemptions; that Perma.cc, its “registrar” library, institutional affiliates, and its contributors have some (at least theoretical) exposure to risk; and that current copyright doctrines and law do not adequately address Web archival storage for scholarly purposes. In doing so, it will question what the role of the scholarly Perma.cc citation ought to play—confirmation of scholarly propositions or preservation of and access to Web materials. The material and conclusions in this article are important for legal authors, law review editors, and librarians (especially those who use, support, or are considering partnering with Perma.cc) so that they might better assess copyright compliance, especially when selecting materials for archiving, such as articles from news sites, blogs, and professional and scholarly papers, articles, or books.
{"title":"Perma.cc and Web Archival Dissonance with Copyright Law","authors":"P. Callister","doi":"10.1080/0270319X.2021.1886785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319X.2021.1886785","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Harvard’s Perma.cc offers the solution to link rot—the phenomenon that citations in academic journals to Web materials disappear with the passage of time, resulting in “broken links” and disappearance of material from the Web. This article will describe Perma.cc and outline the kinds of copyright issues that may arise, including heavy use of copyright statutes and case law. It will examine the kind of preservation use of copyrighted materials, with reference to fair use, and the library prerogatives as exceptions to the exclusive rights of authors of materials found on the Web. This analysis includes detailed analysis of “transformative use” and the four factors of 17 U.S.C. § 107. It will consider the liability of Perma.cc and participating libraries and institutions under theories of contributory infringement and vicarious liability, including as modified by 17 U.S.C. § 512(c) and (d), governing takedown notices. The article concludes that Perma.cc’s archival use is neither firmly grounded in existing fair use nor library exemptions; that Perma.cc, its “registrar” library, institutional affiliates, and its contributors have some (at least theoretical) exposure to risk; and that current copyright doctrines and law do not adequately address Web archival storage for scholarly purposes. In doing so, it will question what the role of the scholarly Perma.cc citation ought to play—confirmation of scholarly propositions or preservation of and access to Web materials. The material and conclusions in this article are important for legal authors, law review editors, and librarians (especially those who use, support, or are considering partnering with Perma.cc) so that they might better assess copyright compliance, especially when selecting materials for archiving, such as articles from news sites, blogs, and professional and scholarly papers, articles, or books.","PeriodicalId":39856,"journal":{"name":"Legal Reference Services Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"1 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0270319X.2021.1886785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59279308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0270319X.2021.1914502
Charlotte Daugherty
Abstract Foreign and international law materials are increasingly, if not completely, available electronically. New law librarians interested in pursuing a specialization in foreign and international law research may be overwhelmed by the extensive array of electronic reference resources in the field. Helping themselves and other nonspecialist reference librarians navigate this complex terrain means looking to the expertise of specialist librarians and contributing to ongoing collaborative efforts that link and improve the accessibility of FCIL resources.
{"title":"Making Foreign, Comparative, and International (FCIL) Materials Accessible Through Collaborative Enterprise","authors":"Charlotte Daugherty","doi":"10.1080/0270319X.2021.1914502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319X.2021.1914502","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Foreign and international law materials are increasingly, if not completely, available electronically. New law librarians interested in pursuing a specialization in foreign and international law research may be overwhelmed by the extensive array of electronic reference resources in the field. Helping themselves and other nonspecialist reference librarians navigate this complex terrain means looking to the expertise of specialist librarians and contributing to ongoing collaborative efforts that link and improve the accessibility of FCIL resources.","PeriodicalId":39856,"journal":{"name":"Legal Reference Services Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"58 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0270319X.2021.1914502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44082731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.1080/0270319X.2020.1859841
Caroline L. Osborne, Stephanie C. Miller
Abstract This article analyzes data collected in an empirical study of citation metrics. Between February 1, 2019 and April 30, 2019, the authors collected citation data from Google Scholar, HeinOnline, Westlaw, Lexis, SSRN, and Digital Commons repositories on randomly selected faculty members at U.S. law schools for the purpose of answering questions regarding fit and utility of citation metrics. Analysis of the citation data examines the impact of adoption of scholarly profiles, gender, stage in the profession, and discipline on exposure on citation with the conclusion that exposure results in increased citations.
{"title":"The Scholarly Impact Matrix: An Empirical Study of How Multiple Metrics Create an Informed Story of a Scholar’s Work","authors":"Caroline L. Osborne, Stephanie C. Miller","doi":"10.1080/0270319X.2020.1859841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319X.2020.1859841","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyzes data collected in an empirical study of citation metrics. Between February 1, 2019 and April 30, 2019, the authors collected citation data from Google Scholar, HeinOnline, Westlaw, Lexis, SSRN, and Digital Commons repositories on randomly selected faculty members at U.S. law schools for the purpose of answering questions regarding fit and utility of citation metrics. Analysis of the citation data examines the impact of adoption of scholarly profiles, gender, stage in the profession, and discipline on exposure on citation with the conclusion that exposure results in increased citations.","PeriodicalId":39856,"journal":{"name":"Legal Reference Services Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"283 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0270319X.2020.1859841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45498840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-23DOI: 10.1080/0270319x.2020.1831833
Jessica de Perio Wittman, K. Brown
Abstract Law firms have been utilizing process optimization tools, such as Lean Six Sigma, to improve internal processes and build efficiencies. Successful outcomes require leadership teams that believe that process improvement is more than just a tool kit to solve problems or a collection of methodologies and processes. Through collection development practices, continuous learning opportunities, and the use of cross-functional teams, the modern law library has effectively demonstrated its ability to meet the dynamic needs of the law school community. Similarly, law librarians find themselves uniquely positioned to collaborate with law school administration on continual process improvement strategies in times of change. This article will provide a foundation on process optimization methodologies, such as Lean Six Sigma, Agile, and Legal Lean, as well as the application of those tools and techniques in various fields. Finally, the article asserts that law schools should adopt process optimization techniques and leverage their law libraries to improve business processes and operations at their respective institutions.
{"title":"A Comparative Case Study on Process Optimization and the Modern Law Library’s Involvement in Achieving Efficiency at the Law School in Times of Change","authors":"Jessica de Perio Wittman, K. Brown","doi":"10.1080/0270319x.2020.1831833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319x.2020.1831833","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Law firms have been utilizing process optimization tools, such as Lean Six Sigma, to improve internal processes and build efficiencies. Successful outcomes require leadership teams that believe that process improvement is more than just a tool kit to solve problems or a collection of methodologies and processes. Through collection development practices, continuous learning opportunities, and the use of cross-functional teams, the modern law library has effectively demonstrated its ability to meet the dynamic needs of the law school community. Similarly, law librarians find themselves uniquely positioned to collaborate with law school administration on continual process improvement strategies in times of change. This article will provide a foundation on process optimization methodologies, such as Lean Six Sigma, Agile, and Legal Lean, as well as the application of those tools and techniques in various fields. Finally, the article asserts that law schools should adopt process optimization techniques and leverage their law libraries to improve business processes and operations at their respective institutions.","PeriodicalId":39856,"journal":{"name":"Legal Reference Services Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"170 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0270319x.2020.1831833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48674101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-02DOI: 10.1080/0270319x.2020.1825795
Julie Brown
Abstract Academic law libraries are generally considered a welcoming environment for law students, faculty, scholars, or attorneys engaging in legal research or study. However, the inverse is true when it comes to patrons who wish to or need to use the law library alongside their children. While law schools across the nation are implementing innovative strategies to promote diversity and inclusivity, in part, by incorporating the needs of parents attending these institutions, law libraries have yet to emulate or initiate independently many of these same family-centric approaches to increase inclusivity for law students and improved access to justice for other patrons within the library environment. A financially feasible way for academic law libraries to meet these objectives involves the creation of family-friendly spaces that are specifically designed to provide appropriate areas for patrons to research with their accompanying children.
{"title":"Family-Friendly Study and Research Spaces: Implementing Inclusive Design in Academic Law Libraries","authors":"Julie Brown","doi":"10.1080/0270319x.2020.1825795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319x.2020.1825795","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Academic law libraries are generally considered a welcoming environment for law students, faculty, scholars, or attorneys engaging in legal research or study. However, the inverse is true when it comes to patrons who wish to or need to use the law library alongside their children. While law schools across the nation are implementing innovative strategies to promote diversity and inclusivity, in part, by incorporating the needs of parents attending these institutions, law libraries have yet to emulate or initiate independently many of these same family-centric approaches to increase inclusivity for law students and improved access to justice for other patrons within the library environment. A financially feasible way for academic law libraries to meet these objectives involves the creation of family-friendly spaces that are specifically designed to provide appropriate areas for patrons to research with their accompanying children.","PeriodicalId":39856,"journal":{"name":"Legal Reference Services Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":"253 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/0270319x.2020.1825795","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45662847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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