Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53866
Masoud Zamanipoor, Mohammad Rahim Rahnama, Mohammad Ajza Shokoui
Agent-based modeling by a bottom-up approach has shown that it has enough capacity to provide a natural definition for urban complicated system. During the last two decades, numerous studies have been dedicated to investigate the influence of urban policies on people’s tendency to walk using an agent-based approach. Therefore, it is considered to be the right time to meta-synthesize experiences and aggregating data into a unit in order to create a comprehensive framework for these studies. With this in mind, in this study, we aim to meta-synthesize these experiences to create a comprehensive framework in order to use agent-based modeling to investigate the influence of urban design and planning policies on people's tendency to walk. This study revealed that “basic model”, “disruptor” and “operation” made up the crucial elements of framework.
{"title":"Create of a Conceptual Framework for the Use of an Agent-Based Modeling in Urban Studies with an Emphasis on the Walkable City","authors":"Masoud Zamanipoor, Mohammad Rahim Rahnama, Mohammad Ajza Shokoui","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53866","url":null,"abstract":"Agent-based modeling by a bottom-up approach has shown that it has enough capacity to provide a natural definition for urban complicated system. During the last two decades, numerous studies have been dedicated to investigate the influence of urban policies on people’s tendency to walk using an agent-based approach. Therefore, it is considered to be the right time to meta-synthesize experiences and aggregating data into a unit in order to create a comprehensive framework for these studies. With this in mind, in this study, we aim to meta-synthesize these experiences to create a comprehensive framework in order to use agent-based modeling to investigate the influence of urban design and planning policies on people's tendency to walk. This study revealed that “basic model”, “disruptor” and “operation” made up the crucial elements of framework.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135558197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52751
Renato Ramos-da-Silva
The western region of the state of Santa Catarina (SC) has suffered several episodes of drought, thus impacting vegetation, agricultural production and water availability. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of soil-vegetation parameters in the region. Monthly data of evapotranspiration, precipitation, radiation, air and soil moisture and temperature were obtained from the NASA-funded Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) project, Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS). The study focused on the western region of SC. Evapotranspiration anomalies showed that the years 2015 and 2020 had the lowest values in the last years (i.e. 1990 and 2022). Precipitation had greater variability in recent years, having months of high rainfall combined with periods of severe drought. An evaluation for the Xanxerê city region showed that the year 2020 presented records of low precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and NDVI, compared to the entire time series. Spatial correlation of the evapotranspiration controlling variables showed that precipitation, air temperature and humidity, and short-wave radiation presented variable correlations in different regions of SC. Soil moisture, however, had the highest positive correlation in the entire territory, showing that this is the main controlling variable of local evapotranspiration and therefore an indicator of the importance of vegetation transpiration in the latent heat fluxes. Equivalent water thickness obtained from the GRACE satellite show that after a maximum occurred in December 2015 its magnitudes steadily decreased, reaching very low groundwater values in 2022. This trend represents a 3.3 mm decrease per year. These results show that the region is undergoing a change in these soil-vegetation parameters that needs to be better monitored and understood.
{"title":"Temporal and Spatial Variability of Soil-Vegetation Variables in the West Region of Santa Catarina State","authors":"Renato Ramos-da-Silva","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52751","url":null,"abstract":"The western region of the state of Santa Catarina (SC) has suffered several episodes of drought, thus impacting vegetation, agricultural production and water availability. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of soil-vegetation parameters in the region. Monthly data of evapotranspiration, precipitation, radiation, air and soil moisture and temperature were obtained from the NASA-funded Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) project, Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS). The study focused on the western region of SC. Evapotranspiration anomalies showed that the years 2015 and 2020 had the lowest values in the last years (i.e. 1990 and 2022). Precipitation had greater variability in recent years, having months of high rainfall combined with periods of severe drought. An evaluation for the Xanxerê city region showed that the year 2020 presented records of low precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and NDVI, compared to the entire time series. Spatial correlation of the evapotranspiration controlling variables showed that precipitation, air temperature and humidity, and short-wave radiation presented variable correlations in different regions of SC. Soil moisture, however, had the highest positive correlation in the entire territory, showing that this is the main controlling variable of local evapotranspiration and therefore an indicator of the importance of vegetation transpiration in the latent heat fluxes. Equivalent water thickness obtained from the GRACE satellite show that after a maximum occurred in December 2015 its magnitudes steadily decreased, reaching very low groundwater values in 2022. This trend represents a 3.3 mm decrease per year. These results show that the region is undergoing a change in these soil-vegetation parameters that needs to be better monitored and understood.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135998962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_47594
Lucas Dotto Bueno, D. Pereira, L. Specht, Cléber Faccin, A. Back, Elemar Taff Júnior, Fernando Dekeper Boeira, Maurício Silveira Dos Santos
It is a unusual practice in national new pavement designs and rehabilitations to consider the nonlinear elastic behavior of the materials that constitute or will constitute the pavement layers. However, the linear elastic response is a simplification of the actual pavement layers behavior, since the materials used in the structure have stiffness dependent on the stress state (granular layers and subgrade) or on the temperature and time of load application (asphalt concrete). In view of this, this paper aims to study the elastic behavior of the pavement structures of two monitored sites in the city of Santa Maria/RS, through tests with FWD equipment, applying four different levels of loading on the full extension of these two sites. In these structures, the pavements showed a tendency to stiffening with increasing load acting at initial measuring distances (near the FWD load application point), which represent the elastic compression of all layers that make up the pavement. The measuring distances farther from the load application point, referring to the elastic compression of the subgrade, indicated, in most cases, a tendency to linear behavior of the load-deflection relationship in both sites. The backcalculated resilience modulus confirmed the impressions drawn from the load-deflection relationships, indicating the nonlinear elastic behavior of the granular layers (base and sub-base) of the analyzed sites, with resilience modulus directly proportional to the increase of the confining stress. The subgrade of the experimental sites exhibited varied behavior, and could be simplified by linear elasticity, without considerable loss. The same fact happened for the asphalt concrete material used in the pavement of site 1. For site 2, the backcalculated modulus indicated asphalt concrete stiffness dependent on the vertical surface stress increment at the center of the load plate.
{"title":"Identification of Elastic Response of Asphalt Pavements Layers Using Deflectometric Tests With Different Load Levels","authors":"Lucas Dotto Bueno, D. Pereira, L. Specht, Cléber Faccin, A. Back, Elemar Taff Júnior, Fernando Dekeper Boeira, Maurício Silveira Dos Santos","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_47594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_47594","url":null,"abstract":"It is a unusual practice in national new pavement designs and rehabilitations to consider the nonlinear elastic behavior of the materials that constitute or will constitute the pavement layers. However, the linear elastic response is a simplification of the actual pavement layers behavior, since the materials used in the structure have stiffness dependent on the stress state (granular layers and subgrade) or on the temperature and time of load application (asphalt concrete). In view of this, this paper aims to study the elastic behavior of the pavement structures of two monitored sites in the city of Santa Maria/RS, through tests with FWD equipment, applying four different levels of loading on the full extension of these two sites. In these structures, the pavements showed a tendency to stiffening with increasing load acting at initial measuring distances (near the FWD load application point), which represent the elastic compression of all layers that make up the pavement. The measuring distances farther from the load application point, referring to the elastic compression of the subgrade, indicated, in most cases, a tendency to linear behavior of the load-deflection relationship in both sites. The backcalculated resilience modulus confirmed the impressions drawn from the load-deflection relationships, indicating the nonlinear elastic behavior of the granular layers (base and sub-base) of the analyzed sites, with resilience modulus directly proportional to the increase of the confining stress. The subgrade of the experimental sites exhibited varied behavior, and could be simplified by linear elasticity, without considerable loss. The same fact happened for the asphalt concrete material used in the pavement of site 1. For site 2, the backcalculated modulus indicated asphalt concrete stiffness dependent on the vertical surface stress increment at the center of the load plate. ","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42446712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48923
Denise de Fátima Santos da Silva, M. Parisi, Elaine Aparecida Santos da Silva, Guilherme Andrade Ranier Silva
This article presents a summary and analysis of the consequences on the latest disasters that occurred in Minas Gerais, especially in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH). The databases used in this study were the bulletins from the main bodies that manage water resources and natural disasters in the state of Minas Gerais, such as Civil Defense, CEMADEN, IGAM and CEPEDUFSC. It is worth mentioning that the cities of Belo Horizonte, Ibirité and Florestal were the holders of pluviometry records in the rainy period of 2019/2020 and therefore, carry the largest numbers with regard to material damage (Ibirité) and the deaths (Belo Horizonte). Nevertheless, it is important to highlight the significant number of injured, sick and homeless people due to the bad weather in Contagem. It is known that the RMBH has a vast history of events related to natural disasters and bottlenecks regarding urban planning. Therefore, the identification of these risk areas is a very important tool for mapping vulnerable locations and drawing concrete action plans aimed at neutralizing events, strengthening the city’s urban infrastructure and mainly preserving lives.
{"title":"Natural Disasters in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte: A Summary of Events Occurred in the Rainfall Period of 2019/2020","authors":"Denise de Fátima Santos da Silva, M. Parisi, Elaine Aparecida Santos da Silva, Guilherme Andrade Ranier Silva","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48923","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a summary and analysis of the consequences on the latest disasters that occurred in Minas Gerais, especially in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH). The databases used in this study were the bulletins from the main bodies that manage water resources and natural disasters in the state of Minas Gerais, such as Civil Defense, CEMADEN, IGAM and CEPEDUFSC. It is worth mentioning that the cities of Belo Horizonte, Ibirité and Florestal were the holders of pluviometry records in the rainy period of 2019/2020 and therefore, carry the largest numbers with regard to material damage (Ibirité) and the deaths (Belo Horizonte). Nevertheless, it is important to highlight the significant number of injured, sick and homeless people due to the bad weather in Contagem. It is known that the RMBH has a vast history of events related to natural disasters and bottlenecks regarding urban planning. Therefore, the identification of these risk areas is a very important tool for mapping vulnerable locations and drawing concrete action plans aimed at neutralizing events, strengthening the city’s urban infrastructure and mainly preserving lives.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55780
Marcos Caldeira De Barros, Mônica de Aquino Galeano Massera da Hora, Anderson Costa dos Santos, M. Salomão, Antonio Ferreira Da Hora, Marco Aurélio Maia Teodoro
Alkaline bodies of Tanguá and Soarinho in Rio de Janeiro present drainage areas that form the sources of the Soarinho and Caceribu Rivers. Due to its water and geological importance, we sought to investigate the relation between alkaline rocks and water bodies and the possible consequences of mining activity, as well as the use and occupation of land in water quality. Initially, the magnetometric profile was traced to confirm whether the locations selected for sample collection were located in the alkaline region. Then, water and sediment collections were carried out from the bed at three points on the Soarinho River and one point on the Caceribu River, all inserted in the drainages of the Soarinho and Tanguá alkaline massifs. Parameters necessary to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI) and those related to contamination by mining activities were analyzed. Chemical analysis of the bed material sought to identify the deposition of contaminants. The context of alkaline rock interaction and water influence is confirmed through geophysical and lithogeochemical techniques through location maps and comparative results of bed material and direct samples of alkaline rocks that showed similar constitutions. In general, the WQI presented a median result, meeting the main requirements for appropriate water for conventional treatment aimed at public supply, and no indicators of contamination by mining activities were found, however, at point P3, representative of the headwaters of the Soarinho River, there were significant changes in BOD and fecal coliforms indicating direct discharge of domestic sewage in a nearby location. The results of the analyzes downstream of this point demonstrate the water bodies dilution capacity.
{"title":"Water and Geological Assessment in the Micro-Watersheds of the Alkaline Rocks of Tanguá and Soarinho in Rio de Janeiro State","authors":"Marcos Caldeira De Barros, Mônica de Aquino Galeano Massera da Hora, Anderson Costa dos Santos, M. Salomão, Antonio Ferreira Da Hora, Marco Aurélio Maia Teodoro","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55780","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaline bodies of Tanguá and Soarinho in Rio de Janeiro present drainage areas that form the sources of the Soarinho and Caceribu Rivers. Due to its water and geological importance, we sought to investigate the relation between alkaline rocks and water bodies and the possible consequences of mining activity, as well as the use and occupation of land in water quality. Initially, the magnetometric profile was traced to confirm whether the locations selected for sample collection were located in the alkaline region. Then, water and sediment collections were carried out from the bed at three points on the Soarinho River and one point on the Caceribu River, all inserted in the drainages of the Soarinho and Tanguá alkaline massifs. Parameters necessary to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI) and those related to contamination by mining activities were analyzed. Chemical analysis of the bed material sought to identify the deposition of contaminants. The context of alkaline rock interaction and water influence is confirmed through geophysical and lithogeochemical techniques through location maps and comparative results of bed material and direct samples of alkaline rocks that showed similar constitutions. In general, the WQI presented a median result, meeting the main requirements for appropriate water for conventional treatment aimed at public supply, and no indicators of contamination by mining activities were found, however, at point P3, representative of the headwaters of the Soarinho River, there were significant changes in BOD and fecal coliforms indicating direct discharge of domestic sewage in a nearby location. The results of the analyzes downstream of this point demonstrate the water bodies dilution capacity. ","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41323541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53432
Diana Rocco Albernaz, Lino Augusto Sander de Carvalho, P. K. Lange, Sérgio Ricardo Santos
Despite the wide dissemination of information access, open data scarcity in fisheries science is still seen as a challenge. Thus, initiatives such as Sea Around Us and Fish Stats stand out. Particularly in developing countries, fishery data collection systems are precarious and there is a lack of national platforms to make fisheries data available. In Brazil, some states such as São Paulo and Santa Catarina have their own data repositories in web platforms, but there are limitations for dynamic queries. In addition, fisheries management based on the “Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries” (EAF) have been discussed and adopted, and environmental variables have been used as indicators to increase the robustness of fishery models. In this sense, the present work proposes a fishery data compilation platform named O mar está para peixes? (Are there fish in the sea?), which contains fishery data and fishery-related satellite remote sensing data (i.e. sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration) for the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The platform is divided in five sections: Fishery, Habitat, Map, Satellite and Download. These sections make data available for dynamic and personalized consultations, with the option of downloading the data. A standard spreadsheet developed for users to submit their own data is presented, with the goal of promoting participation and the collective construction of the platform. This is a new step towards the development of an EAF in Rio de Janeiro, which will potentially open the pathway for the integration of public agencies, research institutions, fishing industry and artisanal fishermen.
尽管信息获取得到了广泛传播，但渔业科学中公开数据的稀缺仍然被视为一个挑战。因此，《我们周围的海洋》和《鱼类统计》等倡议脱颖而出。特别是在发展中国家，渔业数据收集系统不稳定，缺乏提供渔业数据的国家平台。在巴西，圣保罗州和圣卡塔琳娜州等一些州在网络平台上有自己的数据存储库，但动态查询也有局限性。此外，还讨论并采用了基于“渔业生态系统方法”的渔业管理，并将环境变量用作提高渔业模式稳健性的指标。从这个意义上说，本工作提出了一个名为O mar estápara peixes的渔业数据汇编平台？（海里有鱼吗？），其中包含巴西里约热内卢州的渔业数据和渔业相关卫星遥感数据（即海面温度、叶绿素浓度）。该平台分为五个部分：渔业、生境、地图、卫星和下载。这些部分为动态和个性化咨询提供数据，并可选择下载数据。介绍了一个为用户提交自己的数据而开发的标准电子表格，目的是促进平台的参与和集体建设。这是朝着在里约热内卢开发EAF迈出的新一步，这可能为公共机构、研究机构、渔业和个体渔民的整合开辟道路。
{"title":"“O Mar Está para Peixes?” – an Interactive Platform for Open Source Fishery Data in Rio De Janeiro State","authors":"Diana Rocco Albernaz, Lino Augusto Sander de Carvalho, P. K. Lange, Sérgio Ricardo Santos","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53432","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the wide dissemination of information access, open data scarcity in fisheries science is still seen as a challenge. Thus, initiatives such as Sea Around Us and Fish Stats stand out. Particularly in developing countries, fishery data collection systems are precarious and there is a lack of national platforms to make fisheries data available. In Brazil, some states such as São Paulo and Santa Catarina have their own data repositories in web platforms, but there are limitations for dynamic queries. In addition, fisheries management based on the “Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries” (EAF) have been discussed and adopted, and environmental variables have been used as indicators to increase the robustness of fishery models. In this sense, the present work proposes a fishery data compilation platform named O mar está para peixes? (Are there fish in the sea?), which contains fishery data and fishery-related satellite remote sensing data (i.e. sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration) for the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The platform is divided in five sections: Fishery, Habitat, Map, Satellite and Download. These sections make data available for dynamic and personalized consultations, with the option of downloading the data. A standard spreadsheet developed for users to submit their own data is presented, with the goal of promoting participation and the collective construction of the platform. This is a new step towards the development of an EAF in Rio de Janeiro, which will potentially open the pathway for the integration of public agencies, research institutions, fishing industry and artisanal fishermen.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41692279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53216
Paulo T. Setti Jr., Crislaine Menezes da Silva, Daniele Barroca Marra Alves, João Vitor Espinhosa Vieira, João Pedro Voltare Zaupa
Although Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning can achieve high accuracy in line-of-sight conditions, multipath remains a dominant source of error. Multipath occurs when the reflected signals reach the receiver in addition to the direct ones. Different systems design can impact the multipath effect, such as the signal modulation and chipping rate. In the context of multifrequency and multi-constellation scenario that we are achieving with four operational global constellations, this paper compares the multipath impact in different signals of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou. For the experiment, one week of data from 35 Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of the GNSS Systems (RBMC) stations in June 2021 was processed. The multipath index was estimated based on the code- inus-carrier combination. For the first frequency of each system, similar results were obtained for GPS, GLONASS and BeiDou (approximately 56 cm). The Galileo BOC/AltBOC modulation offers better resistance to multipath, with a multipath index of 37 cm for E1 and of 12 cm for E5. Considering all selected stations, the multipath index of GPS L1 varied from 38 cm to 61 cm.
{"title":"Multipath Impact on Multi-Frequency and Multi-Constellation Code Measurements from Brazilian GNSS Stations","authors":"Paulo T. Setti Jr., Crislaine Menezes da Silva, Daniele Barroca Marra Alves, João Vitor Espinhosa Vieira, João Pedro Voltare Zaupa","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53216","url":null,"abstract":"Although Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning can achieve high accuracy in line-of-sight conditions, multipath remains a dominant source of error. Multipath occurs when the reflected signals reach the receiver in addition to the direct ones. Different systems design can impact the multipath effect, such as the signal modulation and chipping rate. In the context of multifrequency and multi-constellation scenario that we are achieving with four operational global constellations, this paper compares the multipath impact in different signals of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou. For the experiment, one week of data from 35 Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of the GNSS Systems (RBMC) stations in June 2021 was processed. The multipath index was estimated based on the code- inus-carrier combination. For the first frequency of each system, similar results were obtained for GPS, GLONASS and BeiDou (approximately 56 cm). The Galileo BOC/AltBOC modulation offers better resistance to multipath, with a multipath index of 37 cm for E1 and of 12 cm for E5. Considering all selected stations, the multipath index of GPS L1 varied from 38 cm to 61 cm.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134891716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_54699
Ortrud Monika Barth, Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz, Marcia Aguiar de Barros, Shana Yuri Misumi, Edson Farias Mello
Pedra Branca State Park is situated near urban areas of Rio de Janeiro city. Several rivers descend towards the Atlantic Ocean and the damming of some ones, by the end of the 19th century, aimed to provide drinking water to the population. To the present day, Camorim dam is in operation and since its inception in 1908, the surrounding humid tropical forest has recovered, evidenced by the present palynological study of a core withdrawn from the dam’s northwestern part. The six analyzed levels showed pollen grains from botanical taxa characteristic of Rain Forest, Forest Pioneers, Campo vegetation, although less frequent, and Exotic plants. The palynomorphs concentration fluctuated throughout the core, which was attributed to a variation in sedimentation due to large floods that from time to time punished this region, but never decimated the forest around the Camorim dam and its contributing river basin.
{"title":"Vegetation and Palynological Record in Sediments of the Camorim Dam, Pedra Branca State Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","authors":"Ortrud Monika Barth, Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz, Marcia Aguiar de Barros, Shana Yuri Misumi, Edson Farias Mello","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_54699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_54699","url":null,"abstract":"Pedra Branca State Park is situated near urban areas of Rio de Janeiro city. Several rivers descend towards the Atlantic Ocean and the damming of some ones, by the end of the 19th century, aimed to provide drinking water to the population. To the present day, Camorim dam is in operation and since its inception in 1908, the surrounding humid tropical forest has recovered, evidenced by the present palynological study of a core withdrawn from the dam’s northwestern part. The six analyzed levels showed pollen grains from botanical taxa characteristic of Rain Forest, Forest Pioneers, Campo vegetation, although less frequent, and Exotic plants. The palynomorphs concentration fluctuated throughout the core, which was attributed to a variation in sedimentation due to large floods that from time to time punished this region, but never decimated the forest around the Camorim dam and its contributing river basin.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135960646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_56300
Fedor Mesinger
Incentive for writing a limited area weather prediction model stemmed from the author’s several years stay at the University of California in Los Angeles, at the end of the sixties. Exposed to what he refers to as the Akio Arakawa approach, having had an idea for a scheme that was an improvement to what Arakawa was using, and being aware of the importance of topography for the weather of the country he was to continue his career in, led in 1973 to his first limited area 3D code, the forerunner of what was to become the Eta model. Refinements and enhancements introduced by the author in subsequent years and of the collaborator he acquired, Zaviša Janjić, resulted in the code that when installed at the then U.S. National Meteorological Center, attracted attention. Hallmarks of the model were Mesinger’s eta vertical coordinate, and Janjić’s transformation of the Arakawa horizontal advection scheme to the model’s semi-staggered B/E grid. In 1993 the Eta became the primary regional forecasting model of the U.S. Weather Bureau, and in 1998 its precipitation accuracy of 24-48 h forecasts became higher across all intensity thresholds than that of its predecessor, the Nested Grid Model (NGM) for its 00-24 h forecasts. Lately, the Eta is extensively used also as a regional climate model (RCM), mostly over the South American domain, and in near-real time as a tool for the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), run by the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Climate Prediction Center. Several later unique numerical refinements of the Eta addressing problems noticed are summarized in a “before and after” fashion, and results are mentioned of its ensemble skill compared to that of its highly acclaimed driver European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model.
60年代末，作者在加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California in Los Angeles)呆了几年，这促使他编写一个有限区域的天气预报模型。接触到他所谓的荒川昭夫方法，他有了一个方案的想法，这是对荒川所使用的方法的改进，并且意识到地形对他继续职业生涯的国家天气的重要性，他在1973年领导了他的第一个有限区域3D代码，这是Eta模型的前身。在随后的几年中，作者和他获得的合作者Zaviša janjiki对代码进行了改进和改进，产生了在当时的美国国家气象中心安装的代码，引起了注意。该模型的特点是Mesinger的eta垂直坐标，以及janjiki将Arakawa水平平流方案转换为模型的半交错B/E网格。1993年，Eta成为美国气象局的主要区域预报模式，1998年，其24-48小时的降水预报精度在所有强度阈值上都高于其前身嵌套网格模式(NGM)的00-24小时预报精度。最近，Eta也被广泛用作区域气候模式(RCM)，主要用于南美地区，并作为由美国国家环境预测中心/气候预测中心运行的北美区域再分析(NARR)的近实时工具。后来对Eta进行了一些独特的数值改进，以“前后”的方式总结了注意到的问题，并将其综合技能与备受赞誉的欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)模型进行了比较。
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Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_51121
Rodrigo Evangelista Delgado, Tiago Lima Rodrigues
This work aimed to analyze the use of different approaches to link normal heights obtained via Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Global Geopotential Model (GGM) refined by the RTM technique to the Brazilian Vertical Data (Imbituba Brazilian Vertical Datum – IBVD and Santana Brazilian Vertical Datum – SBVD). Specifically, it analyzed approaches based on the weighted mean of discrepancies between height anomalies, the zero- level geopotential value, the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP) solution, and the use of parametric modeling of a plane with a scale factor. For the numerical tests, two different study regions have been used, the first with heights referenced to IBVD and the second to SBVD. Using the first three approaches, the local modeling idea has been investigated in both regions. In this context, spatial cluster analysis of the outliers of differences between local and global height anomalies defined the sub-regions. In the fourth approach, the treatment of local modeling was initially considered. In the accuracy analysis of linkages, it has been verified that approaches based on the mean of the discrepancies between height anomalies and using zero- level geopotential value propose practically the same results. On the other hand, there were improvements at the centimeter level with the use of the GBPV solution-based approach compared to the first two, except for two worsening cases. With the approach based on parametric modeling, the accuracy results were mainly worse considering the approaches with local modeling. The most significant differences reached the decimeter level.
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