Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53026
Vinicius Roveri, L. Guimarães, A. T. Correia
Although the most conventional methods to determine the quality of an aquatic ecosystem are aimed to evaluate its physicochemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological characteristics, the monitoring of a large number of environmental variables can represent a high cost for developing countries like Brazil. However, a combined approach using water quality indexes and statistical analyses may help us to monitor water quality through a previous selection of a few key environmental variables. In this context, the objective of this study was to highlight the set of environmental variables most useful to assess the urban channels water quality of Guarujá, Brazil, whose diffuse loads flow continuously into four tourist beaches (Tombo, Enseada, Perequê and Iporanga). For this purpose, three different methods were applied: (i) an existent published large data set (30 environmental variables: 28 physicochemical/microbiological, plus 2 ecotoxicological) obtained during a previous monitoring of the urban drainage channels of these beaches; (ii) the potential risks for the aquatic local fauna and flora through established water quality indexes, such as IMPC, TSI and ALPI; and (iii) through statistical methods such as Cohen D test, Standardized Odds Ratio and Logistic Regression, the set of environmental variables with the greatest potential to cause acute and chronic toxicity in urban channels waters. This combined approach using water quality indexes and statistical analyses was effective to successfully reduce the number of environmental variables needed to assess the ecological status of this coastal area. Moreover, this combined approach was useful to gather intuitive and user-friendly environmental information that could help decision makers (i.e., public authorities and environmental agencies) to plan and perform low-cost and effective monitoring plans in different coastal zones worldwide, namely in developing countries such as Brazil.
{"title":"A Combined Approach Using Water Quality Indexes and Statistical Analyses to Assess the Urban Surface Runoff: a Case Study in São Paulo Coastal Zone, Brazil","authors":"Vinicius Roveri, L. Guimarães, A. T. Correia","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53026","url":null,"abstract":"Although the most conventional methods to determine the quality of an aquatic ecosystem are aimed to evaluate its physicochemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological characteristics, the monitoring of a large number of environmental variables can represent a high cost for developing countries like Brazil. However, a combined approach using water quality indexes and statistical analyses may help us to monitor water quality through a previous selection of a few key environmental variables. In this context, the objective of this study was to highlight the set of environmental variables most useful to assess the urban channels water quality of Guarujá, Brazil, whose diffuse loads flow continuously into four tourist beaches (Tombo, Enseada, Perequê and Iporanga). For this purpose, three different methods were applied: (i) an existent published large data set (30 environmental variables: 28 physicochemical/microbiological, plus 2 ecotoxicological) obtained during a previous monitoring of the urban drainage channels of these beaches; (ii) the potential risks for the aquatic local fauna and flora through established water quality indexes, such as IMPC, TSI and ALPI; and (iii) through statistical methods such as Cohen D test, Standardized Odds Ratio and Logistic Regression, the set of environmental variables with the greatest potential to cause acute and chronic toxicity in urban channels waters. This combined approach using water quality indexes and statistical analyses was effective to successfully reduce the number of environmental variables needed to assess the ecological status of this coastal area. Moreover, this combined approach was useful to gather intuitive and user-friendly environmental information that could help decision makers (i.e., public authorities and environmental agencies) to plan and perform low-cost and effective monitoring plans in different coastal zones worldwide, namely in developing countries such as Brazil.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49041243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52599
Cinara Ewerling da Rosa, M. Stefanello, D. Facco, D. Robérti, Fábio Diniz Rossi, G. Degrazia
Downslope windstorm known as Vento Norte (VNOR; Portuguese for “North Wind”) is a common phenomenon that occurs in southern Brazil during the winter season. Hence, this study attempted to investigate the climatological characteristics of VNOR using seventeen years (2004–2020) of hourly observations collected at seven meteorological stations distributed over the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State. The VNOR windstorm episodes are identified by intense wind gusts and warm air advection from the northern direction. They were selected from the data set obtained during the winter in the city of Santa Maria (SM). Statistical analysis showed that the detected VNOR events were characterized by mean wind gusts ≈15 m.s-1, mean wind direction of 350° and mean air temperature of 27 °C. Average duration of the events was about 9 h, with the longest event lasting 21 h. Characteristics and effects of this phenomenon were compared with those in other locations (meridional and zonal sections). Average values of wind gusts from the northern direction presented a significant increase of ≈200% for the winter period in SM. Nonetheless, a less significant increase in wind gusts was recorded in the meridional (28%) and zonal (41%) sections away from SM. The central location of SM has favorable topographic characteristics for this amplification, with a sharp altitude difference caused by the plateau- plain interface of ≈300 m. Our findings showed that the VNOR phenomenon mainly affects the climate of the southern region of Brazil, with a local amplification in the city of SM.
被称为北文托(VNOR)的下坡风暴;葡萄牙语是“北风”的意思)是巴西南部冬季常见的现象。因此，本研究试图利用分布在巴西南格兰德州中部地区的7个气象站收集的17年(2004-2020)逐小时观测资料来研究VNOR的气候特征。VNOR风暴事件的特征是来自北方的强阵风和暖空气平流。它们是从圣玛丽亚市(SM)冬季获得的数据集中选择的。统计分析表明，探测到的VNOR事件的特征是平均阵风≈15 ms -1，平均风向为350°，平均气温为27℃。事件的平均持续时间约为9 h，最长事件持续时间为21 h。与其他位置(经向和纬向剖面)的特征和影响进行了比较。北风平均阵风值在冬季显著增加约200%。尽管如此，在远离SM的经向(28%)和纬向(41%)区域记录的阵风增加不太显著。SM的中心位置具有有利于这种放大的地形特征，高原-平原界面造成的高度差约为300 m。研究结果表明，VNOR现象主要影响巴西南部地区的气候，并在SM市有局部放大。
{"title":"Climatological Features of the Vento Norte Phenomenon in the Extreme South of Brazil","authors":"Cinara Ewerling da Rosa, M. Stefanello, D. Facco, D. Robérti, Fábio Diniz Rossi, G. Degrazia","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52599","url":null,"abstract":"Downslope windstorm known as Vento Norte (VNOR; Portuguese for “North Wind”) is a common phenomenon that occurs in southern Brazil during the winter season. Hence, this study attempted to investigate the climatological characteristics of VNOR using seventeen years (2004–2020) of hourly observations collected at seven meteorological stations distributed over the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State. The VNOR windstorm episodes are identified by intense wind gusts and warm air advection from the northern direction. They were selected from the data set obtained during the winter in the city of Santa Maria (SM). Statistical analysis showed that the detected VNOR events were characterized by mean wind gusts ≈15 m.s-1, mean wind direction of 350° and mean air temperature of 27 °C. Average duration of the events was about 9 h, with the longest event lasting 21 h. Characteristics and effects of this phenomenon were compared with those in other locations (meridional and zonal sections). Average values of wind gusts from the northern direction presented a significant increase of ≈200% for the winter period in SM. Nonetheless, a less significant increase in wind gusts was recorded in the meridional (28%) and zonal (41%) sections away from SM. The central location of SM has favorable topographic characteristics for this amplification, with a sharp altitude difference caused by the plateau- plain interface of ≈300 m. Our findings showed that the VNOR phenomenon mainly affects the climate of the southern region of Brazil, with a local amplification in the city of SM.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44200341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52695
Brenda Almeida Santos, R. Ynoue
Mist and fog observed at the Meteorological Station of the Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences of the University of São Paulo (EM/IAG) in the southeastern part of São Paulo city in the winter of 2007 were classified according to its formation processes: advection or radiation. Meteorological data from EM/IAG, Congonhas Airport and reanalysis from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast, as well as radiosondes from Campo de Marte Airport were used. In the 1981-2015 climatology, it was observed that these phenomena are more frequent in the winter, with an average of 11 events per month. For the winter of 2007, 21 advection and 28 radiation events were detected, with radiation fog occurring more frequently in June (13) and advection fog, in August (12). The South Atlantic Subtropical High favored the formation of radiation events in 24 cases; 15 of which had the contribution of humidity advected by the sea breeze. Post-frontal anticyclone was associated with the remaining 25 cases, of which 15 were classified as advection. Four cases were chosen for a more detailed analysis. On July 2, 2007, radiation mist occurred, with the injection of moisture by the sea breeze; the next day, there was also radiation mist, however, with no sea breeze. On the 20th of July, fog was caused by advection of humidity with north/northeast winds coming from the Serra da Cantareira and on the 27th, advection mist developed due to the intensification of winds associated with the movement of a post-frontal anticyclone.
2007年冬天，圣保罗大学天文、地球物理和大气科学研究所（EM/IAG）气象站在圣保罗市东南部观测到的薄雾根据其形成过程进行了分类：平流或辐射。使用了来自EM/IAG、孔戈尼亚斯机场的气象数据、欧洲中期天气预报中心的再分析以及坎波德马特机场的无线电探空仪。在1981-2015年的气候学中，观察到这些现象在冬季更为频繁，平均每月发生11次。2007年冬季，共探测到21次平流和28次辐射事件，其中6月（13日）发生辐射雾的频率更高，8月（12日）发生平流雾。南大西洋副热带高压有利于24例辐射事件的形成；其中15个具有海风平流的湿度贡献。额后反气旋与其余25例有关，其中15例被归类为平流。选择了四个案例进行更详细的分析。2007年7月2日，随着海风的吹入，出现辐射雾；然而，第二天也有辐射雾，没有海风。7月20日，雾是由来自Serra da Cantareira的北/东北风的湿度平流引起的，27日，平流雾是由于与后锋面反气旋运动相关的风增强而形成的。
{"title":"Classification of 2007 Winter Mist and Fog in São Paulo City, Brazil","authors":"Brenda Almeida Santos, R. Ynoue","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52695","url":null,"abstract":"Mist and fog observed at the Meteorological Station of the Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences of the University of São Paulo (EM/IAG) in the southeastern part of São Paulo city in the winter of 2007 were classified according to its formation processes: advection or radiation. Meteorological data from EM/IAG, Congonhas Airport and reanalysis from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast, as well as radiosondes from Campo de Marte Airport were used. In the 1981-2015 climatology, it was observed that these phenomena are more frequent in the winter, with an average of 11 events per month. For the winter of 2007, 21 advection and 28 radiation events were detected, with radiation fog occurring more frequently in June (13) and advection fog, in August (12). The South Atlantic Subtropical High favored the formation of radiation events in 24 cases; 15 of which had the contribution of humidity advected by the sea breeze. Post-frontal anticyclone was associated with the remaining 25 cases, of which 15 were classified as advection. Four cases were chosen for a more detailed analysis. On July 2, 2007, radiation mist occurred, with the injection of moisture by the sea breeze; the next day, there was also radiation mist, however, with no sea breeze. On the 20th of July, fog was caused by advection of humidity with north/northeast winds coming from the Serra da Cantareira and on the 27th, advection mist developed due to the intensification of winds associated with the movement of a post-frontal anticyclone.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48778800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48346
Lucas Dos Anjos Correa do Espirito Santo, Marcelo Dos Santos Salomão, Enrico Campos Pedroso, Ciro Jorge Appi
Hydrocarbon seepage phenomena can be found in most petroleum provinces located in both coastal and ocean regions. The present work aims to identify, map and quantify oil seep candidates in the maritime portion of the Espírito Santo Sedimentary Basin using Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery from Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1. The selection of the SAR images was made based on their basin coverage area. Meteorological and oceanographic data, when available, were used to assist interpretation. Later, the presence of structures that may enable fluids to escape (faults, fractures, salt domes, etc.) was verified in 101 seismic lines. After detailed analysis, the obtained data were gathered, aiming to classify the oil seep candidates found according to their probability of happening. There were 3 parameters, subdivided into criteria, used in the ranking score: SAR (distance of vessels, number nearby possible seeps and feature size), Geological (morphotectonic domains) and Seismic (distance from seismic lines, presence of structures and distance from structure). Each criterion received grades ranging from 0.1 to 1.0. The final score is given by the arithmetic mean of the parameters. This allowed the seep candidates to be organized in a ranking. The methodology was successful in identifying 54 promising features in the Espírito Santo basin and northern Campos basin. Half of the seep candidates found, 27 features, obtained a grade higher than 0.7, which strengthens the idea of being oil seeps. As an outcome a map was made in 1:3,500,000 scale with the location of all oil seep candidates mapped in this petroleum province.
{"title":"Oil Seep Detection Using Microwave Remote Sensing at Espírito Santo Basin, Eastern Brazil","authors":"Lucas Dos Anjos Correa do Espirito Santo, Marcelo Dos Santos Salomão, Enrico Campos Pedroso, Ciro Jorge Appi","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48346","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrocarbon seepage phenomena can be found in most petroleum provinces located in both coastal and ocean regions. The present work aims to identify, map and quantify oil seep candidates in the maritime portion of the Espírito Santo Sedimentary Basin using Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery from Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1. The selection of the SAR images was made based on their basin coverage area. Meteorological and oceanographic data, when available, were used to assist interpretation. Later, the presence of structures that may enable fluids to escape (faults, fractures, salt domes, etc.) was verified in 101 seismic lines. After detailed analysis, the obtained data were gathered, aiming to classify the oil seep candidates found according to their probability of happening. There were 3 parameters, subdivided into criteria, used in the ranking score: SAR (distance of vessels, number nearby possible seeps and feature size), Geological (morphotectonic domains) and Seismic (distance from seismic lines, presence of structures and distance from structure). Each criterion received grades ranging from 0.1 to 1.0. The final score is given by the arithmetic mean of the parameters. This allowed the seep candidates to be organized in a ranking. The methodology was successful in identifying 54 promising features in the Espírito Santo basin and northern Campos basin. Half of the seep candidates found, 27 features, obtained a grade higher than 0.7, which strengthens the idea of being oil seeps. As an outcome a map was made in 1:3,500,000 scale with the location of all oil seep candidates mapped in this petroleum province.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135418882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_50453
Francisco Edson Paulo Ferreira, Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da Silva, Madson Tavares Silva, Sílvia Maria Dantas
Cowpea is considered a subsistence crop, so it is generally cultivated by family farming in the rainy season and, outside this season, with the aid of irrigation. Its yield is reduced if there is water stress due to the lack of rainfall or irrigation water. Objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of water stress in the rainy and dry seasons on grain yield, biomass, harvest index and water use efficiency in the ‘Costela de Vaca’ cowpea variety cultivated in no-tillage system using crop residues present in the experimental area. Experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme (cropping season x water stress), with four replicates. Treatments consisted of two cropping seasons (rainy and dry) and five forms of water stress (without water stress, water suspension for 5, 10 and 15 days, and rainfed cultivation). Biomass was the only parameter influenced by the cropping season versus water stress interaction. Regardless of the cowpea cropping season, water stress reduced grain yield and biomass. Harvest index showed no sensitivity to water stress and cropping season. Water use efficiency was influenced by the cropping season. Soil cover promoted maintenance of soil moisture during cowpea cultivation in both periods.
豇豆被认为是一种自给自足的作物，因此通常在雨季由家庭农业种植，而在雨季之外，则借助灌溉。如果由于缺乏降雨或灌溉用水而缺水，其产量就会降低。本研究旨在利用试验区作物残茬，评价雨季和旱季水分胁迫对免耕栽培' Costela de Vaca '豇豆品种产量、生物量、收获指数和水分利用效率的影响。试验设计采用随机分组，采用2 × 5因子方案(种植季节×水分胁迫)，设4个重复。处理包括两个种植季节(雨季和旱季)和五种水分胁迫形式(无水分胁迫、停水5、10和15 d以及雨养栽培)。生物量是唯一受种植季节和水分胁迫交互作用影响的参数。无论豇豆的种植季节如何，水分胁迫都降低了籽粒产量和生物量。收获指数对水分胁迫和种植季节不敏感。水分利用效率受种植季节的影响。在两个时期，土壤覆盖促进了豇豆种植期间土壤水分的维持。
{"title":"Cowpea Yield Under Water Stress Scenarios","authors":"Francisco Edson Paulo Ferreira, Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da Silva, Madson Tavares Silva, Sílvia Maria Dantas","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_50453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_50453","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea is considered a subsistence crop, so it is generally cultivated by family farming in the rainy season and, outside this season, with the aid of irrigation. Its yield is reduced if there is water stress due to the lack of rainfall or irrigation water. Objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of water stress in the rainy and dry seasons on grain yield, biomass, harvest index and water use efficiency in the ‘Costela de Vaca’ cowpea variety cultivated in no-tillage system using crop residues present in the experimental area. Experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme (cropping season x water stress), with four replicates. Treatments consisted of two cropping seasons (rainy and dry) and five forms of water stress (without water stress, water suspension for 5, 10 and 15 days, and rainfed cultivation). Biomass was the only parameter influenced by the cropping season versus water stress interaction. Regardless of the cowpea cropping season, water stress reduced grain yield and biomass. Harvest index showed no sensitivity to water stress and cropping season. Water use efficiency was influenced by the cropping season. Soil cover promoted maintenance of soil moisture during cowpea cultivation in both periods.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136165911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-19DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48245
Luiz Alberto Fernandes, F. Sedor, Rafael Costa Da Silva, Adalberto Aurélio Azevedo, Luiz Roberto Da Silva, A.L.D. Gesicki, Irma Tie Yamamoto, W. Iyomasa
Porto Primavera geosite comprises aeolian sandstones with tetrapod trace fossil cropping out at the Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Power Plant, São Paulo State, Brazil. The Upper Cretaceous Rio Paraná Formation, which contains these tracks, is composed of medium–fine quartzarenites well- sorted and supermature, with typically large tabular/trough cross-bedding. They accumulated in complexes of large barchanoid dunes, moved by winds to the south-west. The Porto Primavera association consists of tracks of theropod dinosaurs and small mammals preserved in concave epirelief. These rare records in aeolian desert environments from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil indicate that even the interior Caiuá desert was occupied by organisms. The study focused on the characterization of the ichnofossils, assessing their susceptibility to degradation by natural and anthropogenic processes, and proposing measures to manage the geosite. Because the risk of degradation of the geosite is high, it is proposed that prior to their removal the slabs should be replaced with synthetic resin replicas made using silicone rubber moulds. The sense of disconnection between the objects and their natural geological context could be addressed by depositing the objects near the geosite in the Museum of Regional Memory. The geosite is indicated as a new holostratotype to the Rio Paraná Formation.
{"title":"Porto Primavera Ichnofossil Geosite, Brazil: Geoconservation Measures in a Protected Area","authors":"Luiz Alberto Fernandes, F. Sedor, Rafael Costa Da Silva, Adalberto Aurélio Azevedo, Luiz Roberto Da Silva, A.L.D. Gesicki, Irma Tie Yamamoto, W. Iyomasa","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48245","url":null,"abstract":"Porto Primavera geosite comprises aeolian sandstones with tetrapod trace fossil cropping out at the Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Power Plant, São Paulo State, Brazil. The Upper Cretaceous Rio Paraná Formation, which contains these tracks, is composed of medium–fine quartzarenites well- sorted and supermature, with typically large tabular/trough cross-bedding. They accumulated in complexes of large barchanoid dunes, moved by winds to the south-west. The Porto Primavera association consists of tracks of theropod dinosaurs and small mammals preserved in concave epirelief. These rare records in aeolian desert environments from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil indicate that even the interior Caiuá desert was occupied by organisms. The study focused on the characterization of the ichnofossils, assessing their susceptibility to degradation by natural and anthropogenic processes, and proposing measures to manage the geosite. Because the risk of degradation of the geosite is high, it is proposed that prior to their removal the slabs should be replaced with synthetic resin replicas made using silicone rubber moulds. The sense of disconnection between the objects and their natural geological context could be addressed by depositing the objects near the geosite in the Museum of Regional Memory. The geosite is indicated as a new holostratotype to the Rio Paraná Formation.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46899319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48599
Clarissa Oliveira Da Luz, Gerson Cardoso Da Silva Jr., Mariléa Gomes Dos Santos Ribeiro
The Cotinguiba Formation, of Cretaceous age, located in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazilian Northeastern coast, comprises carbonate breccias and carbonate shales interlayered with fine to coarse clastic sediments (mudstones, marls), deposited in the maximum sea level episode during the Cenomanian-Coniacian transgressive event. Core sections were selected from the formation materials, from which 20 plugs were obtained, representing the main carbonate horizons present in Cotinguiba Formation. The selected samples were analyzed with petrophysical and physical methods (air porosimetry, mercury injection, and acoustic wave velocity) and mineralogical methods (optical microscopic analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)). Results showed that the clay minerals’ content in the carbonates varies from 2% to 20%, with illites/micas and interstratified illite/smectite as the most abundant clay minerals, containing also traces of chlorite and kaolinite, and presence of palygorskite varying from trace to 8%. According to the percentages of calcite, dolomite, and siliciclastic + clay minerals obtained in the XRD analysis, the carbonates were lithologically identified as limestone, impure limestone, dolomitic limestone, impure dolomitic limestone, impure calcitic dolostone, and impure dolostone. The rocks have a good porosity, varying from 6% to 20% in the carbonates, predominantly related to microporosity. Clay minerals’ content influenced the grain density and acoustic properties, albeit not having the same role with porosity and permeability. SEM images, though, show that they have an important role in microporosity. Grain density variation related to phyllosilicate content was observed more significantly in impure limestones with a clay content higher than 8%, and a more pronounced decrease was observed in samples with palygorskite. Microporosity is the main factor for reducing Vp and Vs velocities in those carbonates, with values not exceeding 5341 m/s for Vp and 3026 m/s for Vs but, when clay content is higher than 4%, the Vp and Vs wave velocities do not exceed 4100 m/s and 2480 m/s, respectively. Therefore, the research allowed evaluating the influence of mineralogical and textural properties in the petrophysical properties of Cotinguiba Formation.
{"title":"The Role of Clay Minerals in the Petrophysical Properties of Carbonate Rocks from the Cotinguiba Formation (Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazil)","authors":"Clarissa Oliveira Da Luz, Gerson Cardoso Da Silva Jr., Mariléa Gomes Dos Santos Ribeiro","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_48599","url":null,"abstract":"The Cotinguiba Formation, of Cretaceous age, located in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazilian Northeastern coast, comprises carbonate breccias and carbonate shales interlayered with fine to coarse clastic sediments (mudstones, marls), deposited in the maximum sea level episode during the Cenomanian-Coniacian transgressive event. Core sections were selected from the formation materials, from which 20 plugs were obtained, representing the main carbonate horizons present in Cotinguiba Formation. The selected samples were analyzed with petrophysical and physical methods (air porosimetry, mercury injection, and acoustic wave velocity) and mineralogical methods (optical microscopic analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)). Results showed that the clay minerals’ content in the carbonates varies from 2% to 20%, with illites/micas and interstratified illite/smectite as the most abundant clay minerals, containing also traces of chlorite and kaolinite, and presence of palygorskite varying from trace to 8%. According to the percentages of calcite, dolomite, and siliciclastic + clay minerals obtained in the XRD analysis, the carbonates were lithologically identified as limestone, impure limestone, dolomitic limestone, impure dolomitic limestone, impure calcitic dolostone, and impure dolostone. The rocks have a good porosity, varying from 6% to 20% in the carbonates, predominantly related to microporosity. Clay minerals’ content influenced the grain density and acoustic properties, albeit not having the same role with porosity and permeability. SEM images, though, show that they have an important role in microporosity. Grain density variation related to phyllosilicate content was observed more significantly in impure limestones with a clay content higher than 8%, and a more pronounced decrease was observed in samples with palygorskite. Microporosity is the main factor for reducing Vp and Vs velocities in those carbonates, with values not exceeding 5341 m/s for Vp and 3026 m/s for Vs but, when clay content is higher than 4%, the Vp and Vs wave velocities do not exceed 4100 m/s and 2480 m/s, respectively. Therefore, the research allowed evaluating the influence of mineralogical and textural properties in the petrophysical properties of Cotinguiba Formation.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136131032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_49559
Yasir Yasir, N. Nurjanah, S. Samsir
Mitigation of forest and land fires is very important to implement in peatlands. This paper aims to explain the role of Pertamina’s CSR communication in mitigating peatland fires around the company’s operational areas. This research used qualitative methods with case studies. The results showed that Pertamina’s CSR communication contributed to increasing awareness of fire disaster mitigation and changing people’s behavior in utilizing peatlands through the “Kampung Gambut Berdikari” program. In addition, the community was also trained and provided with fire extinguishers to prevent fires on peatlands. CSR implementers establish friendly relations and foster the Tunas Makmur farmer group and the Fire Concern Community (Masyarakat Peduli Api/MPA) group to prevent fires. CSR communication is able to increase the awareness of the surrounding community in managing the peat environment. CSR together with the community develops peat arboretum ecotourism and pineapple plantations for environmental education and improving people’s welfare. This peat arboretum ecotourism is not only a medium of communication to spread educational messages to the farmer community, but also to school students, youth and visitors. In the future, CSR program actors can implement environmental communication as a form of disaster mitigation to prevent forest and peatland fires.
{"title":"Environmental Communication of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Fire Disaster Mitigation on Peatlands","authors":"Yasir Yasir, N. Nurjanah, S. Samsir","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_49559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_49559","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigation of forest and land fires is very important to implement in peatlands. This paper aims to explain the role of Pertamina’s CSR communication in mitigating peatland fires around the company’s operational areas. This research used qualitative methods with case studies. The results showed that Pertamina’s CSR communication contributed to increasing awareness of fire disaster mitigation and changing people’s behavior in utilizing peatlands through the “Kampung Gambut Berdikari” program. In addition, the community was also trained and provided with fire extinguishers to prevent fires on peatlands. CSR implementers establish friendly relations and foster the Tunas Makmur farmer group and the Fire Concern Community (Masyarakat Peduli Api/MPA) group to prevent fires. CSR communication is able to increase the awareness of the surrounding community in managing the peat environment. CSR together with the community develops peat arboretum ecotourism and pineapple plantations for environmental education and improving people’s welfare. This peat arboretum ecotourism is not only a medium of communication to spread educational messages to the farmer community, but also to school students, youth and visitors. In the future, CSR program actors can implement environmental communication as a form of disaster mitigation to prevent forest and peatland fires. ","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44462127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_39560
Ely Brasil de Arruda Luna Cavalcanti, J.A. Nogueira Neto, E. A. Menor, Adejardo Francisco Da Silva Filho, Marcelo Reis Rodrigues Da Silva, Lucas Fontenele Amorim
A number of “black granites” were tested using simulated acidic weathering (H2SO4, HNO3, H2SO4/HNO3 and HCl, at pH = 3,00), freeze resistance and relative loss of brightness. The same plates of these granites remained immersed in each acidic solution over eight weekly cycles. The pH data from residual acid solutions were plotted versus timing of the experimental cycles in XY diagrams for interpretation as log-linear regressions. The global set of data, transcribed in a ternary diagram, shows a distinctive area highlighting the best commercial granites. In addition to these granite coatings, the proposed methodology allows easy and accurate identification of their best performances.
{"title":"Simulated Acidic Weathering of “Black Granites”: an Assessment using Regression Analysis","authors":"Ely Brasil de Arruda Luna Cavalcanti, J.A. Nogueira Neto, E. A. Menor, Adejardo Francisco Da Silva Filho, Marcelo Reis Rodrigues Da Silva, Lucas Fontenele Amorim","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_39560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_39560","url":null,"abstract":"A number of “black granites” were tested using simulated acidic weathering (H2SO4, HNO3, H2SO4/HNO3 and HCl, at pH = 3,00), freeze resistance and relative loss of brightness. The same plates of these granites remained immersed in each acidic solution over eight weekly cycles. The pH data from residual acid solutions were plotted versus timing of the experimental cycles in XY diagrams for interpretation as log-linear regressions. The global set of data, transcribed in a ternary diagram, shows a distinctive area highlighting the best commercial granites. In addition to these granite coatings, the proposed methodology allows easy and accurate identification of their best performances.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42268170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_50490
Táscilla Magalhães Loiola, R. Fantinel, Fernanda Dias Dos Santos, Franciele de Bastos, Mateus Sabadi Schuh, Pablo Fernandes, Bruna Andiele Simões, R. S. Pereira
Optimization in the process of managing forest resources seeks alternatives that make data collection possible. One of them alternatives is spectroradiometry, which consists of measuring the spectral response, having as product the response of the target in relation to the incident radiation along the electromagnetic spectrum, and that, using machine learning, with pre-selected models, makes it possible to identify. Given the above, the study aimed to use machine learning algorithms to classify species by vegetation indices from reflectance data. The study was developed at the Federal University from Santa Maria, working with the species Ficus benjamina, Inga marginata, Handroanthus chrysotrichus, Psidium cattleianum, Salix humboldtiana, Corymbia citriodora and Myrcianthes pungens, and spectral readings of the leaves were taken using the FieldSpec®3 spectroradiometer connected to RTS-3ZC3 integrating sphere. The reflectance values with wavelength ranged in amplitude from 350 ƞm to 2,500 ƞm and spectral resolution of 1 ƞm. Vegetation indices were calculated using the software R Studio, being: NDVI, SAVI, RVI, GNDVI, NDWI, NDWI2, GEMI, DVI, TVI, RVI, MSAVI, WDVI. The algorithms used to develop machine learning were: Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Naive Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). RF proves to be the most appropriate for data validation, with 85% global accuracy, followed by SVM, with 71%, K-NN with 64% and NB with 35%. The indices with the best performance to point the species were NDWI and SAVI.
{"title":"Use of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Classification of Forest Species","authors":"Táscilla Magalhães Loiola, R. Fantinel, Fernanda Dias Dos Santos, Franciele de Bastos, Mateus Sabadi Schuh, Pablo Fernandes, Bruna Andiele Simões, R. S. Pereira","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_50490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_50490","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization in the process of managing forest resources seeks alternatives that make data collection possible. One of them alternatives is spectroradiometry, which consists of measuring the spectral response, having as product the response of the target in relation to the incident radiation along the electromagnetic spectrum, and that, using machine learning, with pre-selected models, makes it possible to identify. Given the above, the study aimed to use machine learning algorithms to classify species by vegetation indices from reflectance data. The study was developed at the Federal University from Santa Maria, working with the species Ficus benjamina, Inga marginata, Handroanthus chrysotrichus, Psidium cattleianum, Salix humboldtiana, Corymbia citriodora and Myrcianthes pungens, and spectral readings of the leaves were taken using the FieldSpec®3 spectroradiometer connected to RTS-3ZC3 integrating sphere. The reflectance values with wavelength ranged in amplitude from 350 ƞm to 2,500 ƞm and spectral resolution of 1 ƞm. Vegetation indices were calculated using the software R Studio, being: NDVI, SAVI, RVI, GNDVI, NDWI, NDWI2, GEMI, DVI, TVI, RVI, MSAVI, WDVI. The algorithms used to develop machine learning were: Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), Naive Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). RF proves to be the most appropriate for data validation, with 85% global accuracy, followed by SVM, with 71%, K-NN with 64% and NB with 35%. The indices with the best performance to point the species were NDWI and SAVI. ","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49019006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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