Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53097
Joao Pedro Rodrigues Silva, R. Ynoue
Natural disasters (NDs) have been observed more frequently and with increasing intensities in Brazil. The South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) is identified as one of the main meteorological systems responsible for the NDs, however, intense rainfall does not occur along its entire length but is restricted to some locations within the band of cloudiness that defines it. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze occurrences of mesoscale cyclonic vortices (MCV) in SACZ events that were associated with NDs in the state of São Paulo from 2013 to 2017 using data from the ERA5 Reanalysis, as well as to analyze one case study. To account for SACZ events, surface synoptic charts, observed and estimated precipitation data were used. ND events were selected from the Integrated Disaster Information System (S2ID) database. The methodology used by Quadro (2012) was adapted to identify MCV. The results showed 62 SACZ events, of which 28 were associated with NDs, and, of these, 10 presented MCV. The MCVs were separated into two groups: 1) MCVs in the SACZ events that showed precipitation at the location of the MCV and NDs and 2) MCVs in the SACZ events that did not show precipitation at the location of the MCV and NDs. Group 1 events were characterized by convergence at low levels and divergence at high levels of the atmosphere, vorticity values lower than -8 x 10-4 s-1 predominating at low levels (850–900 hPa), demonstrating a relationship with the highest precipitation accumulations and possibly with the occurrence of NDs. In the events of group 2, there was a predominance of negative values of vorticity in medium and high levels, the lack of a pattern in the field of divergence in the atmospheric levels, as well as lower values in the accumulated precipitation compared to the events of group 1. The case study was from January 11 to 15, 2016, associated with NDs in 8 cities. As a result, it was obtained that MCV was coupled in the atmosphere and the precipitation associated with it represented more than 37% of all the precipitation of the SACZ event, making it possible to attribute to the MCV a contribution in the occurrence of NDs caused by precipitation.
巴西的自然灾害发生频率更高，强度也越来越大。南大西洋辐合带（SACZ）被确定为造成NDs的主要气象系统之一，然而，强降雨并不是沿着其整个长度发生的，而是局限于定义它的云量带内的一些位置。因此，本研究的目的是利用ERA5再分析的数据，分析2013年至2017年圣保罗州与NDs相关的SACZ事件中中尺度气旋涡（MCV）的发生情况，并分析一个案例研究。为了解释SACZ事件，使用了地面天气图、观测和估计的降水数据。ND事件选自综合灾害信息系统（S2ID）数据库。Quadro（2012）使用的方法被用于识别MCV。结果显示62例SACZ事件，其中28例与NDs有关，其中10例为MCV。MCV分为两组：1）SACZ事件中的MCV在MCV和NDs的位置显示出降水；2）SACZ活动中的MCVs在MCV或NDs位置没有显示出降水。第1组事件的特征是低层大气的辐合和高层大气的辐散，在低层（850–900 hPa），低于-8 x 10-4 s-1的涡度值占主导地位，这表明它与最高降水累积量有关，也可能与NDs的发生有关。在第2组事件中，与第1组事件相比，中等和高水平的涡度负值占主导地位，大气水平的散度场缺乏模式，累积降水量也较低。该案例研究于2016年1月11日至15日进行，涉及8个城市的NDs。结果表明，MCV在大气中耦合，与之相关的降水量占SACZ事件所有降水量的37%以上，这使得有可能将MCV在降水引起的NDs发生中的贡献归因于MCV。
{"title":"Mesoscale Cyclonic Vortices Embedded in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone Associated with Natural Disasters in the State of São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Joao Pedro Rodrigues Silva, R. Ynoue","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_53097","url":null,"abstract":"Natural disasters (NDs) have been observed more frequently and with increasing intensities in Brazil. The South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) is identified as one of the main meteorological systems responsible for the NDs, however, intense rainfall does not occur along its entire length but is restricted to some locations within the band of cloudiness that defines it. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze occurrences of mesoscale cyclonic vortices (MCV) in SACZ events that were associated with NDs in the state of São Paulo from 2013 to 2017 using data from the ERA5 Reanalysis, as well as to analyze one case study. To account for SACZ events, surface synoptic charts, observed and estimated precipitation data were used. ND events were selected from the Integrated Disaster Information System (S2ID) database. The methodology used by Quadro (2012) was adapted to identify MCV. The results showed 62 SACZ events, of which 28 were associated with NDs, and, of these, 10 presented MCV. The MCVs were separated into two groups: 1) MCVs in the SACZ events that showed precipitation at the location of the MCV and NDs and 2) MCVs in the SACZ events that did not show precipitation at the location of the MCV and NDs. Group 1 events were characterized by convergence at low levels and divergence at high levels of the atmosphere, vorticity values lower than -8 x 10-4 s-1 predominating at low levels (850–900 hPa), demonstrating a relationship with the highest precipitation accumulations and possibly with the occurrence of NDs. In the events of group 2, there was a predominance of negative values of vorticity in medium and high levels, the lack of a pattern in the field of divergence in the atmospheric levels, as well as lower values in the accumulated precipitation compared to the events of group 1. The case study was from January 11 to 15, 2016, associated with NDs in 8 cities. As a result, it was obtained that MCV was coupled in the atmosphere and the precipitation associated with it represented more than 37% of all the precipitation of the SACZ event, making it possible to attribute to the MCV a contribution in the occurrence of NDs caused by precipitation. ","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42395344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55681
Bruno Souza de Mattos, Ana Valéria FA Bertolino, L. Bertolino
Landscapes are systems undergoing constant transformation, associated with different forms of environmental disturbances. Among these disturbances are fires, which depending on the magnitude and frequency can have effects with different severities. In the district of São Pedro da Serra, in the municipality of Nova Friburgo, located in the mountain region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, controlled burning is often used to prepare areas for farming. However, in certain atmospheric conditions, type of vegetation and soil moisture levels, among others, these fires can escape control. This study reports the analysis through X-ray diffractometry and thermogravimetric analysis of the characteristics of the soils in two distinct areas Area 1 (Benfica) and Area 2 (Bocaina), in the same pedological regime within the Macaé de Cima Environmental Protection Area. These two areas were affected by forest fires in different periods. We also sought to identify the severity of these fires, for which purpose we collected undeformed soil samples from depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-25 cm. The data obtained showed that the mineralogy of the sand fraction was homogeneous, but the clay fraction in Area 2, unlike Area 1, was characterized by the presence of smectite and goethite. Fire tended to have the greatest impact on the top 5 cm of soil, possibly related to the hydrophobic characteristics, which are not directly linked to the timing of the fires, but rather to their magnitudes.
景观是不断变化的系统，与不同形式的环境干扰有关。在这些干扰中有火灾，根据规模和频率的不同，火灾可能会产生不同严重程度的影响。在巴西里约热内卢州山区的新弗里堡市的São Pedro da Serra区，经常使用控制燃烧来准备耕种区域。然而，在某些大气条件、植被类型和土壤湿度水平等条件下，这些火灾可能会失控。本研究报告了通过X射线衍射法和热重分析对Macaéde Cima环境保护区内两个不同地区1区（本菲卡）和2区（博凯纳）土壤特征的分析，这两个地区处于相同的土壤状态。这两个地区在不同时期受到森林火灾的影响。我们还试图确定这些火灾的严重程度，为此，我们从0-5、5-10、10-15、15-20和20-25厘米的深度收集了未变形的土壤样本。获得的数据表明，沙子部分的矿物学是均匀的，但与1区不同，2区的粘土部分的特征是存在蒙脱石和针铁矿。火灾往往对顶部5厘米的土壤产生最大影响，这可能与疏水特性有关，疏水特性与火灾发生的时间无关，而是与火灾的大小有关。
{"title":"The Influences of Forest Fires on the Repellency, Mineralogy and Thermogravimetry of Soils in a Mountainous Area of the Atlantic Forest Biome - the Study Case of São Pedro da Serra, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)","authors":"Bruno Souza de Mattos, Ana Valéria FA Bertolino, L. Bertolino","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55681","url":null,"abstract":"Landscapes are systems undergoing constant transformation, associated with different forms of environmental disturbances. Among these disturbances are fires, which depending on the magnitude and frequency can have effects with different severities. In the district of São Pedro da Serra, in the municipality of Nova Friburgo, located in the mountain region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, controlled burning is often used to prepare areas for farming. However, in certain atmospheric conditions, type of vegetation and soil moisture levels, among others, these fires can escape control. This study reports the analysis through X-ray diffractometry and thermogravimetric analysis of the characteristics of the soils in two distinct areas Area 1 (Benfica) and Area 2 (Bocaina), in the same pedological regime within the Macaé de Cima Environmental Protection Area. These two areas were affected by forest fires in different periods. We also sought to identify the severity of these fires, for which purpose we collected undeformed soil samples from depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-25 cm. The data obtained showed that the mineralogy of the sand fraction was homogeneous, but the clay fraction in Area 2, unlike Area 1, was characterized by the presence of smectite and goethite. Fire tended to have the greatest impact on the top 5 cm of soil, possibly related to the hydrophobic characteristics, which are not directly linked to the timing of the fires, but rather to their magnitudes.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46205146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55949
Olena Ganzha, T. Okholina, Yulia Kroshko, H. Kuzmanenko, M. Kovalchuk
Since the 1950s, a large number of geological prospecting and exploration works have been carried out on the territory of Ukraine, dedicated to the search and exploration of placer titanium deposits. As a result, a powerful titanium raw material base has been created, in particular, titanium ore deposits with reserves and resources exceeding the total titanium reserves of all other countries of the world have been explored and prepared for exploration. The most promising deposits began to be developed and became the basis for the creation of the Irshanskiy mining and processing plant (Zhytomyr region) and the Vilnohirsk mining and metallurgical plant (Dnipropetrovsk region). The relevance of the presented subject is conditioned upon the need to use the latest information support tools to improve the quality of processing and presentation of geological information. The paper presents a summary lithostratigraphic scheme, features of the genesis and distribution of ore material (ilmenite) of the Krasnokutsk, Zlobychi, and Birzuliv deposits. These deposits are located in different parts (according to the tectonic division) of Ukraine, they have a diversified lithostratigraphy, geological and genetic types. Structural-lithological modelling of these objects is carried out. According to the presented structural and lithological models and paleogeographic reconstructions of the time of deposit formation, the change in ilmenite distribution depending on the type of placer formation is shown.
{"title":"Structural and Lithological Models of Ilmenite Placer Deposits in Ukraine","authors":"Olena Ganzha, T. Okholina, Yulia Kroshko, H. Kuzmanenko, M. Kovalchuk","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55949","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1950s, a large number of geological prospecting and exploration works have been carried out on the territory of Ukraine, dedicated to the search and exploration of placer titanium deposits. As a result, a powerful titanium raw material base has been created, in particular, titanium ore deposits with reserves and resources exceeding the total titanium reserves of all other countries of the world have been explored and prepared for exploration. The most promising deposits began to be developed and became the basis for the creation of the Irshanskiy mining and processing plant (Zhytomyr region) and the Vilnohirsk mining and metallurgical plant (Dnipropetrovsk region). The relevance of the presented subject is conditioned upon the need to use the latest information support tools to improve the quality of processing and presentation of geological information. The paper presents a summary lithostratigraphic scheme, features of the genesis and distribution of ore material (ilmenite) of the Krasnokutsk, Zlobychi, and Birzuliv deposits. These deposits are located in different parts (according to the tectonic division) of Ukraine, they have a diversified lithostratigraphy, geological and genetic types. Structural-lithological modelling of these objects is carried out. According to the presented structural and lithological models and paleogeographic reconstructions of the time of deposit formation, the change in ilmenite distribution depending on the type of placer formation is shown.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44513263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR) technique employs a Multi-Temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) approach to accurately measure subsidence. This technique, a type of Differential Interferometry (DInSAR), mitigates errors that traditional DInSAR techniques cannot, including temporal and geometric decorrelation, and phase unwrapping errors. In order to verify the subsidence process in the Pinheiro neighborhood of Maceio - Brazil following a 2018 earthquake, we tested free processing packages such as SNAP-StaMPS integration. Our investigation was conducted in two stages: first, using a stack of Sentinel-1A SLCSAR (Single Look Complex-SAR) images acquired before and after the earthquake, and second, using more recent images to determine if the subsidence process is ongoing. Results from the first stage identified the area affected by subsidence and the second stage confirmed the continued presence of subsidence events. From 2017 to 2018, the subsidence process exhibited the highest displacement amplitude of -32.3 mm/year, whereas, between 2021 and 2022, the amplitude decreased to -24.09 mm/year, indicating a deceleration in the subsidence process.
{"title":"Employment of Free Packages for MT-InSAR Approaches to Verify the Subsidence Event over Maceió City, Brazil","authors":"Sérgio Da Conceição Alves, Cláudia Pereira Krueger, Regiane Dalazoana, Laurent Polidori","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_56709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_56709","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR) technique employs a Multi-Temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) approach to accurately measure subsidence. This technique, a type of Differential Interferometry (DInSAR), mitigates errors that traditional DInSAR techniques cannot, including temporal and geometric decorrelation, and phase unwrapping errors. In order to verify the subsidence process in the Pinheiro neighborhood of Maceio - Brazil following a 2018 earthquake, we tested free processing packages such as SNAP-StaMPS integration. Our investigation was conducted in two stages: first, using a stack of Sentinel-1A SLCSAR (Single Look Complex-SAR) images acquired before and after the earthquake, and second, using more recent images to determine if the subsidence process is ongoing. Results from the first stage identified the area affected by subsidence and the second stage confirmed the continued presence of subsidence events. From 2017 to 2018, the subsidence process exhibited the highest displacement amplitude of -32.3 mm/year, whereas, between 2021 and 2022, the amplitude decreased to -24.09 mm/year, indicating a deceleration in the subsidence process.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136392531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55296
L. Moreira, Livia Moreira Poelking, Alan José Salomão Graça, Hideo Araki
Digital elevation models are responsible for providing altimetric information on a surface to be mapped. While global models of low and medium spatial resolution are available open source by several space agencies, the high- resolution ones, which are utilized in scales 1:25,000 and larger, are scarce and expensive. Here we address this limitation by the utilization of deep learning algorithms coupled with Single Image Super-Resolution techniques in digital elevation models to obtain better spatial quality versions from lower resolution inputs. The development of a GAN-based (Generative Adversarial Network-based) methodology enables the improvement of the initial spatial resolution of low-resolution images. In the geospatial data context, for example, these algorithms can be used with digital elevation models and satellite images. The methodological approach uses a dataset with digital elevation models SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) (30 meters of spatial resolution) and ALOS PALSAR (12.5 meters of spatial resolution), created with the objective of allowing the study to be carried out, promoting the emergence of new research groups in the area as well as enabling the comparison between the results obtained. It has been found that by increasing the number of iterations the performance of the generated model was improved and the quality of the generated image increased. Furthermore, the visual analysis of the generated image against the high- and low-resolution ones showed a great similarity between the first two.
{"title":"Use of Generative Adversarial Network Algorithm in Super-Resolution Images to Increase the Quality of Digital Elevation Models Based on ALOS PALSAR Data","authors":"L. Moreira, Livia Moreira Poelking, Alan José Salomão Graça, Hideo Araki","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_55296","url":null,"abstract":"Digital elevation models are responsible for providing altimetric information on a surface to be mapped. While global models of low and medium spatial resolution are available open source by several space agencies, the high- resolution ones, which are utilized in scales 1:25,000 and larger, are scarce and expensive. Here we address this limitation by the utilization of deep learning algorithms coupled with Single Image Super-Resolution techniques in digital elevation models to obtain better spatial quality versions from lower resolution inputs. The development of a GAN-based (Generative Adversarial Network-based) methodology enables the improvement of the initial spatial resolution of low-resolution images. In the geospatial data context, for example, these algorithms can be used with digital elevation models and satellite images. The methodological approach uses a dataset with digital elevation models SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) (30 meters of spatial resolution) and ALOS PALSAR (12.5 meters of spatial resolution), created with the objective of allowing the study to be carried out, promoting the emergence of new research groups in the area as well as enabling the comparison between the results obtained. It has been found that by increasing the number of iterations the performance of the generated model was improved and the quality of the generated image increased. Furthermore, the visual analysis of the generated image against the high- and low-resolution ones showed a great similarity between the first two.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49197561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_57425
Jéssika Aparecida Santos De Almeida, S. Quináia, C. N. Nunes, Aline Bortolanza Jansen, Izabelly Izabelly Karol Poncio De Oliveira
In this study, trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in environmental compartments (water and superficial sediments) near places of vehicle use and maintenance, aiming to investigate if in these places the trace elements had high concentrations. The content of trace elements found on the samples was compared to the maximum values recommended by resolutions of CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente) n. 357 from 2005 for water and n. 454 from 2012 for sediments. Points 11 and 13 were the most critical, with concentrations higher than the recommended for the elements Cu and Pb, either for water or sediment samples. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cd and Cr in the sediment samples indicated high to extreme contamination in points 5 and 13, while the other elements indicated moderated contamination.
本研究采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定了车辆使用和维修场所附近的环境隔间(水和浅层沉积物)中微量元素(Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn)的浓度，目的是了解这些场所中微量元素的浓度是否较高。样品中发现的微量元素含量与CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente) 2005年第357号决议建议的最大值进行了比较，其中水和沉积物的最大值分别为2012年第454号决议建议的最大值。第11点和第13点是最关键的，它们的浓度高于水或沉积物样品中铜和铅元素的推荐浓度。沉积物样品中Cd和Cr的地质累积指数(Igeo)在第5点和第13点显示高污染至极端污染，而其他元素显示中度污染。
{"title":"Trace Elements in Sediment and Urban Water Samples: an Assessment of Metal Pollution","authors":"Jéssika Aparecida Santos De Almeida, S. Quináia, C. N. Nunes, Aline Bortolanza Jansen, Izabelly Izabelly Karol Poncio De Oliveira","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_57425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_57425","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in environmental compartments (water and superficial sediments) near places of vehicle use and maintenance, aiming to investigate if in these places the trace elements had high concentrations. The content of trace elements found on the samples was compared to the maximum values recommended by resolutions of CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente) n. 357 from 2005 for water and n. 454 from 2012 for sediments. Points 11 and 13 were the most critical, with concentrations higher than the recommended for the elements Cu and Pb, either for water or sediment samples. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cd and Cr in the sediment samples indicated high to extreme contamination in points 5 and 13, while the other elements indicated moderated contamination. ","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46906025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_56179
Lívia Faria Sampaio, L. Veiga, Samir De Souza Oliveira Alves
Most modern smartphones come with a variety of sensors. Among them are the gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) receiver, and from 2020, most modern devices are also coupled with a Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor. These specific sensors allow to acquire data that enables the location and spatial orientation of the smartphone in relation to other objects, and also measure them. For this, it is important to understand how the principle of operation of these sensors occurs, as well as the respective raw data obtained and how to use these data from the sensors to get measurements of the elements of the physical surface of the Earth. This article aims to present a state of the art about the working principle of these sensors and presents the raw data from them. In addition, this article seeks to present an initial test on the quality of the orientation sensor, based on the comparison between the data obtained from this sensor and a total station with high angular precision (1 second). It was noted the occurrence of a systematic error in the observations of the horizontal directions, and an average discrepancy of 5.20° between the observations of the vertical angle. The use of sensors attached to smartphones can support in several activities of geoscience application, such as carrying out a prior survey of a given area of study, aiming to do a pre-analysis of geodetic networks, to carry out measurements of angles and distances for applications in terrain measurements, or even to assist the Geographic Information System (GIS) development.
{"title":"Using Smartphones as a Measurement Platform in Geoscience Applications","authors":"Lívia Faria Sampaio, L. Veiga, Samir De Souza Oliveira Alves","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_56179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_56179","url":null,"abstract":"Most modern smartphones come with a variety of sensors. Among them are the gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) receiver, and from 2020, most modern devices are also coupled with a Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor. These specific sensors allow to acquire data that enables the location and spatial orientation of the smartphone in relation to other objects, and also measure them. For this, it is important to understand how the principle of operation of these sensors occurs, as well as the respective raw data obtained and how to use these data from the sensors to get measurements of the elements of the physical surface of the Earth. This article aims to present a state of the art about the working principle of these sensors and presents the raw data from them. In addition, this article seeks to present an initial test on the quality of the orientation sensor, based on the comparison between the data obtained from this sensor and a total station with high angular precision (1 second). It was noted the occurrence of a systematic error in the observations of the horizontal directions, and an average discrepancy of 5.20° between the observations of the vertical angle. The use of sensors attached to smartphones can support in several activities of geoscience application, such as carrying out a prior survey of a given area of study, aiming to do a pre-analysis of geodetic networks, to carry out measurements of angles and distances for applications in terrain measurements, or even to assist the Geographic Information System (GIS) development.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45497685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism is an important and most developed sector in the current era in supporting a country's economic growth. The tourism industry is currently able to produce products and services that are able to meet the needs of tourists so that tourists have a sense of satisfaction when they come to tourist sites. Tulungagung Regency has enormous potential related to tourist destinations. One of them is the Artha Mandiri Starfruit Farmers Group Agricultural Education Tour. Agricultural education tourism is a tour that prioritizes education or learning related to agriculture for tourist visitors. However, some aspects of educational tourism have not been able to maximize the potential to provide an optimal attraction for tourist visitors. This resulted in a very volatile related to the number of tourist visitors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the attractiveness of tourist visitors. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. Determination of the sample of respondents using proportionate stratified random sampling technique, and data analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that 95% of visitors' attractiveness is in the high category. The factors that can affect the attractiveness of visitors at the location of agricultural education tourism in Tulungagung Regency are tourism material variables, accessibility, facilities and infrastructure, services, product quality and tourism concepts.
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Attraction of Visitors from the Agricultural Education Tour in the Tani Belimbing Group, Artha Mandiri, Tulungagung District, Indonesian Country","authors":"Ugik Romadi, Hamyana Yana, Yastutik Yastutik, Mochlisin Fatkur Rohman","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_56199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_56199","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is an important and most developed sector in the current era in supporting a country's economic growth. The tourism industry is currently able to produce products and services that are able to meet the needs of tourists so that tourists have a sense of satisfaction when they come to tourist sites. Tulungagung Regency has enormous potential related to tourist destinations. One of them is the Artha Mandiri Starfruit Farmers Group Agricultural Education Tour. Agricultural education tourism is a tour that prioritizes education or learning related to agriculture for tourist visitors. However, some aspects of educational tourism have not been able to maximize the potential to provide an optimal attraction for tourist visitors. This resulted in a very volatile related to the number of tourist visitors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the attractiveness of tourist visitors. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. Determination of the sample of respondents using proportionate stratified random sampling technique, and data analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that 95% of visitors' attractiveness is in the high category. The factors that can affect the attractiveness of visitors at the location of agricultural education tourism in Tulungagung Regency are tourism material variables, accessibility, facilities and infrastructure, services, product quality and tourism concepts.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135966824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_54180
Maíra Sampaio Da Costa, Maria da Conceição Rabelo Gomes, Sérgio Augusto De Morais Nascimento
The Marizal/São Sebastião aquifer system is the main water supply of the municipality of Alagoinhas in the state of Bahia. However, anthropic interventions contribute to soil and groundwater pollution, increasing the need for related research. Multivariate statistical analysis is a widely used tool, helping in the investigation of groundwater quality while being capable of simultaneously evaluating diverse variables of a sample set. In this study, factor analysis and multivariate cluster analysis methodologies were applied. Ten of the most influential variables for groundwater quality were selected and then grouped into two factors. The first factor included electrical conductivity, salinity, calcium, chloride, sulfate, manganese, and iron, which are indicators of water salinity. The second factor encompassed pH, bicarbonate, and phosphate, indicating anthropic interventions and alkalinity in the environment. The multivariate cluster analysis was applied to the parameters of both factors, resulting in dendrograms with four clusters. The present study showed that the multivariate statistical analysis is an efficient tool for monitoring and can contribute to the management of groundwater quality.
Marizal/ s o sebasti含水层系统是巴伊亚州Alagoinhas市的主要供水系统。然而，人为干预造成了土壤和地下水的污染，增加了相关研究的必要性。多元统计分析是一种广泛使用的工具，有助于地下水水质的调查，同时能够评估一个样本集的不同变量。本研究采用因子分析及多元聚类分析方法。选取对地下水水质影响最大的10个变量，将其分为两个因素。第一个因素包括电导率、盐度、钙、氯化物、硫酸盐、锰和铁，这些都是水盐度的指标。第二个因素包括pH值、碳酸氢盐和磷酸盐，表明人为干预和环境中的碱度。对这两个因素的参数进行多变量聚类分析，得到4个聚类的树状图。本研究表明，多元统计分析是一种有效的监测工具，有助于地下水水质的管理。
{"title":"Cluster and Factor Analyses as Contributions to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring of the Marizal/São Sebastião Aquifer System, Alagoinhas (Bahia, Brazil)","authors":"Maíra Sampaio Da Costa, Maria da Conceição Rabelo Gomes, Sérgio Augusto De Morais Nascimento","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_54180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_54180","url":null,"abstract":"The Marizal/São Sebastião aquifer system is the main water supply of the municipality of Alagoinhas in the state of Bahia. However, anthropic interventions contribute to soil and groundwater pollution, increasing the need for related research. Multivariate statistical analysis is a widely used tool, helping in the investigation of groundwater quality while being capable of simultaneously evaluating diverse variables of a sample set. In this study, factor analysis and multivariate cluster analysis methodologies were applied. Ten of the most influential variables for groundwater quality were selected and then grouped into two factors. The first factor included electrical conductivity, salinity, calcium, chloride, sulfate, manganese, and iron, which are indicators of water salinity. The second factor encompassed pH, bicarbonate, and phosphate, indicating anthropic interventions and alkalinity in the environment. The multivariate cluster analysis was applied to the parameters of both factors, resulting in dendrograms with four clusters. The present study showed that the multivariate statistical analysis is an efficient tool for monitoring and can contribute to the management of groundwater quality.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135399629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52720
Fabiano Peixoto Freiman, Daniel Rodrigues Dos Santos, Allan Rodrigo Nunho dos Reis
The rendering of virtual three-dimensional (3D) structures represented by Point Cloud (PC) allows the representation of internal and/or external environments to buildings. However, the compilation of 3D geometric models is influenced by the intrinsic characteristics of PCs, which can be mitigated by the application of an PC simplification operator. According to the mathematical norms of fractal geometry, it was assumed that a PC is characterized by self-similarity. Two experimental datasets acquired with an SLT in static mode indoors were used. Four tasks were accomplished: sampling and structuring of a PC to solve the problem of random distribution, from an octree structure; estimation of the curvature of the points and the roughness of a neighbourhood for the extraction of edge points by the analysis of self-similarity and application of the Statistical Outliers Remove (SOR) algorithm, for the elimination of outliers points; uniform voxelization, to simplify the intermediate points; application of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm to register the sets generated in the same local coordinate system. The use of voxelization was satisfactory, but once the voxel size is manually defined, the PC can be oversimplified and lose essential characteristics. This can be minimized by the primary analysis of the edge points, generating a set that is uniform, less noisy, and self- similar to the original set. To achieve a minimum density of points to model an environment three-dimensionally, one must analyse the geometric self- similarity characteristics of the PC to produce a simplified set self-similar to the original, considering the premises of fractal geometry. It is recommended to create an automatic simplification process to minimize the subjectivity coming from the analyst.
{"title":"3D Cartographic Generalization of LiDAR Point Clouds Based on the Principle of Self-Similarity of a Deterministic Fractal Structure","authors":"Fabiano Peixoto Freiman, Daniel Rodrigues Dos Santos, Allan Rodrigo Nunho dos Reis","doi":"10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2023_46_52720","url":null,"abstract":"The rendering of virtual three-dimensional (3D) structures represented by Point Cloud (PC) allows the representation of internal and/or external environments to buildings. However, the compilation of 3D geometric models is influenced by the intrinsic characteristics of PCs, which can be mitigated by the application of an PC simplification operator. According to the mathematical norms of fractal geometry, it was assumed that a PC is characterized by self-similarity. Two experimental datasets acquired with an SLT in static mode indoors were used. Four tasks were accomplished: sampling and structuring of a PC to solve the problem of random distribution, from an octree structure; estimation of the curvature of the points and the roughness of a neighbourhood for the extraction of edge points by the analysis of self-similarity and application of the Statistical Outliers Remove (SOR) algorithm, for the elimination of outliers points; uniform voxelization, to simplify the intermediate points; application of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm to register the sets generated in the same local coordinate system. The use of voxelization was satisfactory, but once the voxel size is manually defined, the PC can be oversimplified and lose essential characteristics. This can be minimized by the primary analysis of the edge points, generating a set that is uniform, less noisy, and self- similar to the original set. To achieve a minimum density of points to model an environment three-dimensionally, one must analyse the geometric self- similarity characteristics of the PC to produce a simplified set self-similar to the original, considering the premises of fractal geometry. It is recommended to create an automatic simplification process to minimize the subjectivity coming from the analyst.","PeriodicalId":39973,"journal":{"name":"Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135558351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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