Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.713
Robert C. Nowatzki
{"title":"The Blister Club: The Extraordinary Story of the Downed American Airmen Who Escaped to Safety in World War II","authors":"Robert C. Nowatzki","doi":"10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.713","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39979,"journal":{"name":"American Archivist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46196776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.708
Lori Podolsky
{"title":"The Social Movement Archive","authors":"Lori Podolsky","doi":"10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39979,"journal":{"name":"American Archivist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45693564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.443
Jen Hoyer, Kaitlin Holt, John Voiklis, Bennett Attaway, Rebecca Joy Norlander
This article describes how redesigning a program's assessment practices for teaching with primary sources (TPS) can provide a clear framework for talking about the impact of educators' work in archives and can provide feedback on how to refine instruction practices for greater results. The authors share a description of their assessment redesign process accompanied by analysis of the implementation of our new assessment tool in the hope others will consider the design and goals of their own assessment practices. The authors' work demonstrates that reflection on existing tools, development of new goals, and design of new assessment strategies can yield inspiring new data on program impact and highlight areas for improvement. By illustrating the authors' redesign process, this article also demonstrates the types of impacts and outcomes that educators can measure for TPS and points to the huge potential of TPS in local history contexts and elsewhere. The authors' revised student assessment moved archives staff from relying on self-reported, affect-focused data to better understanding the outcomes of their work with students: the impact of project-based learning in archives; the value that students find in various aspects of their encounters with archives; the role that TPS in local history contexts plays in connecting students to their community; and the transferability of research skills that students learn through TPS activities.
{"title":"Redesigning Program Assessment for Teaching with Primary Sources: Understanding the Impacts of Our Work","authors":"Jen Hoyer, Kaitlin Holt, John Voiklis, Bennett Attaway, Rebecca Joy Norlander","doi":"10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.443","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article describes how redesigning a program's assessment practices for teaching with primary sources (TPS) can provide a clear framework for talking about the impact of educators' work in archives and can provide feedback on how to refine instruction practices for greater results. The authors share a description of their assessment redesign process accompanied by analysis of the implementation of our new assessment tool in the hope others will consider the design and goals of their own assessment practices. The authors' work demonstrates that reflection on existing tools, development of new goals, and design of new assessment strategies can yield inspiring new data on program impact and highlight areas for improvement. By illustrating the authors' redesign process, this article also demonstrates the types of impacts and outcomes that educators can measure for TPS and points to the huge potential of TPS in local history contexts and elsewhere. The authors' revised student assessment moved archives staff from relying on self-reported, affect-focused data to better understanding the outcomes of their work with students: the impact of project-based learning in archives; the value that students find in various aspects of their encounters with archives; the role that TPS in local history contexts plays in connecting students to their community; and the transferability of research skills that students learn through TPS activities.","PeriodicalId":39979,"journal":{"name":"American Archivist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.609
Heather A. Soyka
This article explores the ongoing and long-term impacts of programs that support new modes of professional growth, particularly cohort-based programs that focus on the goals of community and network building, through a case study of the Archives Leadership Institute (ALI). This study seeks to understand how and why programs such as ALI assist and support archivists with their professional careers and wonders about the ways in which the profession benefits more broadly from programs like this. Ultimately, this article finds that programs such as ALI often benefit the professional careers of individual archivists, but that the broader impact for the field merits additional consideration and thought. Finally, this article draws together patterns, feedback, challenges, and suggestions for thinking about and developing future initiatives that support the growth of the archival field.
{"title":"Professional Career Building in the Archival Field: Studying the Archives Leadership Institute","authors":"Heather A. Soyka","doi":"10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.609","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores the ongoing and long-term impacts of programs that support new modes of professional growth, particularly cohort-based programs that focus on the goals of community and network building, through a case study of the Archives Leadership Institute (ALI). This study seeks to understand how and why programs such as ALI assist and support archivists with their professional careers and wonders about the ways in which the profession benefits more broadly from programs like this. Ultimately, this article finds that programs such as ALI often benefit the professional careers of individual archivists, but that the broader impact for the field merits additional consideration and thought. Finally, this article draws together patterns, feedback, challenges, and suggestions for thinking about and developing future initiatives that support the growth of the archival field.","PeriodicalId":39979,"journal":{"name":"American Archivist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47338023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.511
Andrew Hinton
Drawing on literature from personal information management studies and on the topic of documentation of American military experiences, this article aims to help the archival profession understand the personal digital archiving practices of modern soldiers. During the summer of 2019, the author conducted oral history interviews with US Army soldiers at Fort Hood to address the questions of what personal records soldiers keep of their military experience, what they do—if anything—to preserve them, and how they value them. This study found that both military and socio-technological factors contribute to a lack of digital recordkeeping among modern soldiers, that soldiers' reliance on social media as ad hoc digital preservation tools leads to poor digital preservation practices, and that a majority of soldiers do not see their digital records as worthy of future historical study. The article concludes with a discussion of actions that can address these issues.
{"title":"Using Oral History to Study the Personal Digital Archiving Practices of Modern Soldiers","authors":"Andrew Hinton","doi":"10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.511","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drawing on literature from personal information management studies and on the topic of documentation of American military experiences, this article aims to help the archival profession understand the personal digital archiving practices of modern soldiers. During the summer of 2019, the author conducted oral history interviews with US Army soldiers at Fort Hood to address the questions of what personal records soldiers keep of their military experience, what they do—if anything—to preserve them, and how they value them. This study found that both military and socio-technological factors contribute to a lack of digital recordkeeping among modern soldiers, that soldiers' reliance on social media as ad hoc digital preservation tools leads to poor digital preservation practices, and that a majority of soldiers do not see their digital records as worthy of future historical study. The article concludes with a discussion of actions that can address these issues.","PeriodicalId":39979,"journal":{"name":"American Archivist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47570724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.533
Lise Jaillant
The overall aim of this article is to push for access to born-digital archives, including email archives. It argues that the digital revolution has led to huge changes, but it also brought us back to an earlier situation. The world of big (digital) data is not so different from the world of big (paper) data. There is a danger of repeating the mistakes that were made in the twentieth century with large paper archives, which have often remained uncataloged, hidden, and inaccessible to users. The first section looks at the impact of the More Product, Less Process (MPLP) movement on archival repositories over the past fifteen years. Originally conceived as a response to the huge increase in paper records and uncataloged collections, MPLP has been increasingly applied to digitized collections to increase access. However, few institutions have applied MPLP to born-digital collections, and accessibility remains a huge problem. In the next section, this article presents the kind of research that can be done once access to these born-digital collections is achieved. The final section examines the MPLP approach in relation to artificial intelligence/machine learning.
{"title":"More Data, Less Process: A User-Centered Approach to Email and Born-Digital Archives","authors":"Lise Jaillant","doi":"10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.533","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The overall aim of this article is to push for access to born-digital archives, including email archives. It argues that the digital revolution has led to huge changes, but it also brought us back to an earlier situation. The world of big (digital) data is not so different from the world of big (paper) data. There is a danger of repeating the mistakes that were made in the twentieth century with large paper archives, which have often remained uncataloged, hidden, and inaccessible to users. The first section looks at the impact of the More Product, Less Process (MPLP) movement on archival repositories over the past fifteen years. Originally conceived as a response to the huge increase in paper records and uncataloged collections, MPLP has been increasingly applied to digitized collections to increase access. However, few institutions have applied MPLP to born-digital collections, and accessibility remains a huge problem. In the next section, this article presents the kind of research that can be done once access to these born-digital collections is achieved. The final section examines the MPLP approach in relation to artificial intelligence/machine learning.","PeriodicalId":39979,"journal":{"name":"American Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67445600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.538
Jane Zhang, A. H. Poole
This article analyzes 65 North American graduate archival education programs' course listings against current professional standards as crystallized in the 2016 Guidelines for a Graduate Program in Archival Studies (GPAS). The study addresses the following research questions: 1) What types of programs list graduate archival education courses?, 2) What types of courses do these graduate archival programs currently list?, 3) To what extent do archival programs' courses conform to GPAS?, and 4) What are the implications of a program's conforming or not conforming to GPAS? The authors' findings indicate an overriding tendency for graduate archival education programs to be hosted by LIS programs, especially under the auspices of iSchools. They identified a great diversity of graduate archival education programs and course listing combinations. Most important, they analyzed the archival curriculum coverage of 65 graduate archival programs to discern conformance with GPAS curriculum requirements. Although their findings may be used by programs for self-study, they also call into question the overall utility of GPAS and suggest the need for a more flexible approach.
{"title":"Exploring the Current State of North American Graduate Archival Education","authors":"Jane Zhang, A. H. Poole","doi":"10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.538","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyzes 65 North American graduate archival education programs' course listings against current professional standards as crystallized in the 2016 Guidelines for a Graduate Program in Archival Studies (GPAS). The study addresses the following research questions: 1) What types of programs list graduate archival education courses?, 2) What types of courses do these graduate archival programs currently list?, 3) To what extent do archival programs' courses conform to GPAS?, and 4) What are the implications of a program's conforming or not conforming to GPAS?\u0000 The authors' findings indicate an overriding tendency for graduate archival education programs to be hosted by LIS programs, especially under the auspices of iSchools. They identified a great diversity of graduate archival education programs and course listing combinations. Most important, they analyzed the archival curriculum coverage of 65 graduate archival programs to discern conformance with GPAS curriculum requirements. Although their findings may be used by programs for self-study, they also call into question the overall utility of GPAS and suggest the need for a more flexible approach.","PeriodicalId":39979,"journal":{"name":"American Archivist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49246061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.556
Jodi Allison-Bunnell
Over the last twenty-five years, cultural heritage professionals have formed aggregations—of finding aids, digital object metadata, or related forms of description—in order to overcome barriers to creating and presenting structured, consistent, and interoperable description and to enable expanded access. Now most of these aggregators are struggling to update their infrastructure, meet user needs for access to archival collections, and engage with some of the most promising conceptual, technical, and structural advances in the field. In 2018–2019, the “Toward a National Archival Finding Aid Network” planning initiative identified what aggregation has accomplished, articulated the key challenges facing aggregators, identified which areas could benefit from collaborative work, and created a vision for that work. With the near-completion of a research and demonstration by the California Digital Library, “Building a National Finding Aid Network” (NAFAN), the project and the archival profession have an opportunity to learn from the past and transform access to cultural heritage. However, none of the large-scale aggregations in the United States present a viable model for sustainability. Sustainability will become possible if they overcome the factors that have limited the success of aggregation so far. These include an over-focus on implementing new technical standards and infrastructure and under-focus on the real limitations: lack of knowledge of end user needs and attempting to accomplish too much without the needed resources. By drawing on both the background research described in this article and the further research conducted during the current NAFAN project, this and other cultural heritage enterprises have an opportunity to create a future in which access to cultural heritage is equalized and expanded for both institutions and end users.
{"title":"Finding Aid Aggregation: Toward a Robust Future","authors":"Jodi Allison-Bunnell","doi":"10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.556","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Over the last twenty-five years, cultural heritage professionals have formed aggregations—of finding aids, digital object metadata, or related forms of description—in order to overcome barriers to creating and presenting structured, consistent, and interoperable description and to enable expanded access. Now most of these aggregators are struggling to update their infrastructure, meet user needs for access to archival collections, and engage with some of the most promising conceptual, technical, and structural advances in the field. In 2018–2019, the “Toward a National Archival Finding Aid Network” planning initiative identified what aggregation has accomplished, articulated the key challenges facing aggregators, identified which areas could benefit from collaborative work, and created a vision for that work. With the near-completion of a research and demonstration by the California Digital Library, “Building a National Finding Aid Network” (NAFAN), the project and the archival profession have an opportunity to learn from the past and transform access to cultural heritage. However, none of the large-scale aggregations in the United States present a viable model for sustainability. Sustainability will become possible if they overcome the factors that have limited the success of aggregation so far. These include an over-focus on implementing new technical standards and infrastructure and under-focus on the real limitations: lack of knowledge of end user needs and attempting to accomplish too much without the needed resources. By drawing on both the background research described in this article and the further research conducted during the current NAFAN project, this and other cultural heritage enterprises have an opportunity to create a future in which access to cultural heritage is equalized and expanded for both institutions and end users.","PeriodicalId":39979,"journal":{"name":"American Archivist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45533239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.678
Ashley Todd-Diaz, A. H. Poole
Since the 1936 founding of the Society of American Archivists, the archival field has struggled with the challenges inhering in professionalization, namely the merits or demerits of institutional or individual accreditation or certification. In 1989, SAA helped establish the Academy of Certified Archivists (ACA), which confers individual certification by written examination. In 1993, ACA modified its bylaws to require graduate education to be eligible for the exam. But, although a relationship clearly exists between certification and education, scholars have not explored, much less profited from, the insights of archival educators. This qualitative case study uses semistructured interviews with thirty-three tenure-track or tenured faculty program directors from graduate archival programs across North America to understand how educators perceive and address certification. Findings reveal that educators are ambivalent about certification, its relationship to graduate education, and its vocational value. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and offer suggestions for research and practice.
{"title":"Who Is This Godot? The Academy of Certified Archivists and Graduate Archival Education","authors":"Ashley Todd-Diaz, A. H. Poole","doi":"10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.678","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Since the 1936 founding of the Society of American Archivists, the archival field has struggled with the challenges inhering in professionalization, namely the merits or demerits of institutional or individual accreditation or certification. In 1989, SAA helped establish the Academy of Certified Archivists (ACA), which confers individual certification by written examination. In 1993, ACA modified its bylaws to require graduate education to be eligible for the exam. But, although a relationship clearly exists between certification and education, scholars have not explored, much less profited from, the insights of archival educators. This qualitative case study uses semistructured interviews with thirty-three tenure-track or tenured faculty program directors from graduate archival programs across North America to understand how educators perceive and address certification. Findings reveal that educators are ambivalent about certification, its relationship to graduate education, and its vocational value. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and offer suggestions for research and practice.","PeriodicalId":39979,"journal":{"name":"American Archivist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46242846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.359
David Pearson, J. Doig
This case study re-evaluates a large-scale project carried out by the National Archives of Australia (NAA) between 2003 and 2006. The project aimed to identify obsolete digital media (physical data carriers) in its collection and to describe and recover the data from the carriers using a third-party data recovery provider.1 A detailed process for data recovery was developed that included the capture of a full audit trail of steps in the data recovery process. The project was completed in four stages: phase 1 obtained bit-level images from the carriers; phase 2 extracted individual bit-files from the carriers; phase 3 identified duplicate files and proprietary or complex file formats; and phase 4 was a final report that documented processes, made recommendations on future processes, and provided lessons learned. Recent work described in this article indicates that files extracted from the carriers in 2004–2005 can be accurately rendered in current computer environments. The ongoing significance of the project is that it is an early demonstration of the success of bit-level preservation and the need to create disk images as part of a preservation workflow, suggesting a sustainable methodology for digital preservation. The project also influenced archival policy at the NAA and influenced the development of subsequent software tools that became widely known in the broader digital preservation community. The focus on archival principles of authenticity, integrity, chain of custody, and provenance of the recovered records were key learnings to ensuring long-term access and usability. Finally, the metrics resulting from the project, for example, rates of readable carriers and rates of data recovery by carrier type, are useful data from a point in time that correspond quite closely to similar data recovery projects undertaken by other institutions at about the same time and provide a benchmark for future research.
{"title":"Tales from “THE disK FILES”: Lessons Learnt from a Data Recovery Project in 2003–2006 at the National Archives of Australia","authors":"David Pearson, J. Doig","doi":"10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.359","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This case study re-evaluates a large-scale project carried out by the National Archives of Australia (NAA) between 2003 and 2006. The project aimed to identify obsolete digital media (physical data carriers) in its collection and to describe and recover the data from the carriers using a third-party data recovery provider.1 A detailed process for data recovery was developed that included the capture of a full audit trail of steps in the data recovery process. The project was completed in four stages: phase 1 obtained bit-level images from the carriers; phase 2 extracted individual bit-files from the carriers; phase 3 identified duplicate files and proprietary or complex file formats; and phase 4 was a final report that documented processes, made recommendations on future processes, and provided lessons learned. Recent work described in this article indicates that files extracted from the carriers in 2004–2005 can be accurately rendered in current computer environments. The ongoing significance of the project is that it is an early demonstration of the success of bit-level preservation and the need to create disk images as part of a preservation workflow, suggesting a sustainable methodology for digital preservation. The project also influenced archival policy at the NAA and influenced the development of subsequent software tools that became widely known in the broader digital preservation community. The focus on archival principles of authenticity, integrity, chain of custody, and provenance of the recovered records were key learnings to ensuring long-term access and usability. Finally, the metrics resulting from the project, for example, rates of readable carriers and rates of data recovery by carrier type, are useful data from a point in time that correspond quite closely to similar data recovery projects undertaken by other institutions at about the same time and provide a benchmark for future research.","PeriodicalId":39979,"journal":{"name":"American Archivist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45713466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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