Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c01213
Aditya Singh, Karan Singh, Ram Ji Dixit, Biswajit Samir De, Suddhasatwa Basu
Among all the available resources, biomass is the key renewable resource to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produce fuels, chemicals, and other value-added products. This work uses an electrochemical process to generate value-added chemicals and hydrogen simultaneously from a biomass-derived platform chemical. A 3D-printed flow electrolyzer is used to study the generation of hydrogen and FDCA (2,5-furandicarboxylic acid) from HMF (5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde) using an alkaline electrolyte based on the principles of electrochemical oxidation. A 3D-printed electrolytic cell is designed with a channel size of 55 mm × 55 mm × 6 mm and an electrocatalyst area of 6.25 cm2 in the form of an anode and cathode. In this work, gold-sputtered nickel foam is used as an anode, while platinum-sputtered nickel foam is used as a cathode. A single pass through the electrolyzer yields 130 μmol/(h cm2) of hydrogen gas at ambient temperature and pressure, along with 46 μmol/(h cm2) of FDCA. A maximum value of 80% conversion of HMF is obtained at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min in a single pass with a potential bias of 3.5 V. This work opens the pathways for incorporating a microflow electrolyzer to coproduce FDCA and hydrogen from biomass-derived HMF.
{"title":"Co-Generation of Hydrogen and FDCA from Biomass-Based HMF in a 3D-Printed Flow Electrolyzer","authors":"Aditya Singh, Karan Singh, Ram Ji Dixit, Biswajit Samir De, Suddhasatwa Basu","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c01213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c01213","url":null,"abstract":"Among all the available resources, biomass is the key renewable resource to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produce fuels, chemicals, and other value-added products. This work uses an electrochemical process to generate value-added chemicals and hydrogen simultaneously from a biomass-derived platform chemical. A 3D-printed flow electrolyzer is used to study the generation of hydrogen and FDCA (2,5-furandicarboxylic acid) from HMF (5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde) using an alkaline electrolyte based on the principles of electrochemical oxidation. A 3D-printed electrolytic cell is designed with a channel size of 55 mm × 55 mm × 6 mm and an electrocatalyst area of 6.25 cm<sup>2</sup> in the form of an anode and cathode. In this work, gold-sputtered nickel foam is used as an anode, while platinum-sputtered nickel foam is used as a cathode. A single pass through the electrolyzer yields 130 μmol/(h cm<sup>2</sup>) of hydrogen gas at ambient temperature and pressure, along with 46 μmol/(h cm<sup>2</sup>) of FDCA. A maximum value of 80% conversion of HMF is obtained at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min in a single pass with a potential bias of 3.5 V. This work opens the pathways for incorporating a microflow electrolyzer to coproduce FDCA and hydrogen from biomass-derived HMF.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02591
P Thamarai, S. Karishma, V.C. Deivayanai, A. Saravanan, P R Yaashikaa
The critical issue of lead pollution in wastewater, which, even in low quantities, presents serious health risks, is the focus of this investigation. The study investigates the adsorption capacities of Physically Modified Seaweed Biosorbent (PMSB) and Chemically Modified Seaweed Biosorbent (CMSB) for Pb (II) ion removal. SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD techniques were used to analyze surface morphology, elemental composition, functional groups, and crystallographic structure. Furthermore, it assesses the effect of pH, biosorbent dosage, temperature, initial Pb (II) ion concentration, and contact time on adsorption efficiency. The results indicated that the optimal parameters were 303 K in temperature, 5.0 in pH, and 1 g/L and 2.5 g/L of biosorbent for CMSB and PMSB, respectively, with contact durations of 40 and 80 min. The Freundlich isotherm model indicated adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, with maximum adsorption capacities of 149.8 mg/g for PMSB and 175.5 mg/g for CMSB, demonstrating efficient Pb (II) ion removal. Higher R2 values from kinetic investigations indicate that the pseudo-first-order model fits PMSB and CMSB better for the adsorption of Pb (II) ions. The thermodynamic analysis found negative ΔH° and ΔG° values, indicating an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption mechanism, respectively. Desorption tests showed that CMSB retains greater efficiency across several cycles, demonstrating its durability and adaptability for long-term use. According to the studies, chemical modifications significantly enhance CMSB’s adsorption stability and effectiveness, which makes it a viable option for eliminating Pb (II) ions from wastewater and improving water quality.
{"title":"Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Pb (II) Ion Adsorption Using Surface Modified Macroalgal Biosorbents: Modelling and Desorption Study","authors":"P Thamarai, S. Karishma, V.C. Deivayanai, A. Saravanan, P R Yaashikaa","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02591","url":null,"abstract":"The critical issue of lead pollution in wastewater, which, even in low quantities, presents serious health risks, is the focus of this investigation. The study investigates the adsorption capacities of Physically Modified Seaweed Biosorbent (PMSB) and Chemically Modified Seaweed Biosorbent (CMSB) for Pb (II) ion removal. SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD techniques were used to analyze surface morphology, elemental composition, functional groups, and crystallographic structure. Furthermore, it assesses the effect of pH, biosorbent dosage, temperature, initial Pb (II) ion concentration, and contact time on adsorption efficiency. The results indicated that the optimal parameters were 303 K in temperature, 5.0 in pH, and 1 g/L and 2.5 g/L of biosorbent for CMSB and PMSB, respectively, with contact durations of 40 and 80 min. The Freundlich isotherm model indicated adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, with maximum adsorption capacities of 149.8 mg/g for PMSB and 175.5 mg/g for CMSB, demonstrating efficient Pb (II) ion removal. Higher <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values from kinetic investigations indicate that the pseudo-first-order model fits PMSB and CMSB better for the adsorption of Pb (II) ions. The thermodynamic analysis found negative Δ<i>H</i>° and Δ<i>G</i>° values, indicating an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption mechanism, respectively. Desorption tests showed that CMSB retains greater efficiency across several cycles, demonstrating its durability and adaptability for long-term use. According to the studies, chemical modifications significantly enhance CMSB’s adsorption stability and effectiveness, which makes it a viable option for eliminating Pb (II) ions from wastewater and improving water quality.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03319
Huihui Wang, Li Sun, Zhen Liu, Zuoxiang Zeng
The effects of water molecules on the chemical structure, microstructure, molecular kinematics, and relaxation behavior of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) films were investigated. The 2D ATR-FTIR results demonstrated that water molecules initially interacted with free O–H and C═O, subsequently with hydrogen-bonded O–H and C═O between the hard and soft segments, and ultimately with hydrogen-bonded O–H and C═O in the hard segments. The SEM, AFM, DSC, and SAXS-WAXS results indicated that the microphase separation structure of PVB was formed by soft and hard domains, and the entry of water molecules disrupted the original structural regularity of the hard segments of the PVB films, resulting in a decrease in microphase separation degree. The BDRS results showed that water absorption had a significant effect on the molecular kinematics of the soft segments and the hard–soft interface. The results of the stress relaxation behavior showed that the relaxation properties of PVB films deteriorated after water absorption.
{"title":"Understanding the Effect of Water Absorption on the Microstructure, Molecular Kinematics, and Relaxation Behavior of Polyvinyl Butyral Films","authors":"Huihui Wang, Li Sun, Zhen Liu, Zuoxiang Zeng","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03319","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of water molecules on the chemical structure, microstructure, molecular kinematics, and relaxation behavior of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) films were investigated. The 2D ATR-FTIR results demonstrated that water molecules initially interacted with free O–H and C═O, subsequently with hydrogen-bonded O–H and C═O between the hard and soft segments, and ultimately with hydrogen-bonded O–H and C═O in the hard segments. The SEM, AFM, DSC, and SAXS-WAXS results indicated that the microphase separation structure of PVB was formed by soft and hard domains, and the entry of water molecules disrupted the original structural regularity of the hard segments of the PVB films, resulting in a decrease in microphase separation degree. The BDRS results showed that water absorption had a significant effect on the molecular kinematics of the soft segments and the hard–soft interface. The results of the stress relaxation behavior showed that the relaxation properties of PVB films deteriorated after water absorption.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02534
Junjie Wang, Lin Sheng, Jian Deng, Guangsheng Luo
Current methods for determining gas–liquid mass transfer or reaction performance in micropacked bed reactors (μPBRs) are inefficient and complex, hindering their application in high throughput screening, process optimization, and online monitoring. New fast determining technology is highly required. This study introduced an innovative soft measurement technology for reliable determining of gas–liquid mass transfer by directly correlating pressure drop with mass transfer coefficients through online measurement. We systematically analyzed the effect of various factors, including two-phase flow rate, packing particle size, front-end predispersion, gas composition, and liquid concentration on gas–liquid flow pressure drop and mass transfer in μPBRs. A predictive mathematical model for mass transfer coefficients was successfully established, and its capacity was successfully validated in the hydrogenation experiments within the Riedl–Pfleiderer process. This technology offers a fast, reliable, and real-time online approach for process monitoring, process optimization, and rapid catalyst screening within μPBRs.
{"title":"Fast Reliable Determination of Gas–Liquid Mass Transfer in Micropacked Beds via In-line Direct Measuring of Pressure Drop","authors":"Junjie Wang, Lin Sheng, Jian Deng, Guangsheng Luo","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02534","url":null,"abstract":"Current methods for determining gas–liquid mass transfer or reaction performance in micropacked bed reactors (μPBRs) are inefficient and complex, hindering their application in high throughput screening, process optimization, and online monitoring. New fast determining technology is highly required. This study introduced an innovative soft measurement technology for reliable determining of gas–liquid mass transfer by directly correlating pressure drop with mass transfer coefficients through online measurement. We systematically analyzed the effect of various factors, including two-phase flow rate, packing particle size, front-end predispersion, gas composition, and liquid concentration on gas–liquid flow pressure drop and mass transfer in μPBRs. A predictive mathematical model for mass transfer coefficients was successfully established, and its capacity was successfully validated in the hydrogenation experiments within the Riedl–Pfleiderer process. This technology offers a fast, reliable, and real-time online approach for process monitoring, process optimization, and rapid catalyst screening within μPBRs.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02850
Tommaso Cogliano, Angie Desgouliere, Wander Y. Perez-Sena, Kari Eränen, Antonio D’Angelo, Atte Aho, Narendra N. Kumar, Laurence Pirault-Roy, Dmitry Yu. Murzin, Tapio Salmi
Catalytic epoxidation of tall oil, a Scandinavian raw material originating from the Kraft pulping process, was studied in this work. Conversely from the industrial process, the reaction was carried out via the hydroperoxide pathway, where the epoxidation of the double bonds takes place by hydrogen peroxide without the need for a reaction carrier. Metal oxide-modified SBA-15 catalysts were screened in the experiments performed in a laboratory-scale reactor where the operating conditions, such as the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the reactant molar ratio, were kept constant. The main aim was to identify the best catalyst among those synthesized that would give promising results, in terms of activity and selectivity, in the epoxidation reaction. For this purpose, the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the selected catalysts and the obtained performances in the reaction system were studied in depth. Characterization analysis showed that almost all of the catalysts exhibited an organized mesoporous structure typical of SBA-15 without any morphological deformation after the metal introduction, which is present for all of them as oxide. Good activity was shown by most of the catalysts, with almost complete double bond conversion after 24 h reaction. However, selectivity to the target product was not as remarkable as the actvity. Among the tested catalysts, promising results were obtained in the presence of Mn-SBA-15 with a conversion and selectivity of 25 and 23% after 8 h of reaction, respectively.
{"title":"Tall Oil Epoxidation in the Presence of Non-Noble Metal Oxide-Modified Heterogeneous Catalysts","authors":"Tommaso Cogliano, Angie Desgouliere, Wander Y. Perez-Sena, Kari Eränen, Antonio D’Angelo, Atte Aho, Narendra N. Kumar, Laurence Pirault-Roy, Dmitry Yu. Murzin, Tapio Salmi","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02850","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic epoxidation of tall oil, a Scandinavian raw material originating from the Kraft pulping process, was studied in this work. Conversely from the industrial process, the reaction was carried out via the hydroperoxide pathway, where the epoxidation of the double bonds takes place by hydrogen peroxide without the need for a reaction carrier. Metal oxide-modified SBA-15 catalysts were screened in the experiments performed in a laboratory-scale reactor where the operating conditions, such as the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the reactant molar ratio, were kept constant. The main aim was to identify the best catalyst among those synthesized that would give promising results, in terms of activity and selectivity, in the epoxidation reaction. For this purpose, the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the selected catalysts and the obtained performances in the reaction system were studied in depth. Characterization analysis showed that almost all of the catalysts exhibited an organized mesoporous structure typical of SBA-15 without any morphological deformation after the metal introduction, which is present for all of them as oxide. Good activity was shown by most of the catalysts, with almost complete double bond conversion after 24 h reaction. However, selectivity to the target product was not as remarkable as the actvity. Among the tested catalysts, promising results were obtained in the presence of Mn-SBA-15 with a conversion and selectivity of 25 and 23% after 8 h of reaction, respectively.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03318
Lei Pan, Changhui Zhang, Chengna Dai, Ning Liu, Ning Wang, Gangqiang Yu, Biaohua Chen, Ruinian Xu
Efficient and economical purification of nitrous oxide (N2O), one of the most abundant greenhouse gases, is urgently needed to prevent global warming, especially from exhaust emissions produced during adipic acid production. This study investigates the N2O thermal decomposition process via high-temperature incineration (800–1400 °C), as well as the effects of oxygen (O2) and methane (CH4) on deN2O efficiency and nitrogen selectivity. Under sufficient reaction conditions, deN2O efficiency reached 100% at ∼1000 °C. The introduction of CH4 was found to significantly enhance deN2O efficiency, with the addition of 5% CH4 resulting in complete N2O removal at <900 °C. Additionally, the influences of O2 and CH4 on the products nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were analyzed via temperature-programmed reaction monitoring. Combined with the energy barriers obtained from density functional theory calculations, the reaction pathway network of N2O decomposition with and without CH4 was established. Moreover, the reaction rate equation for the crucial byproduct NO2 was derived from the elementary steps in the reaction network.
{"title":"Purification of Nitrous Oxide via Thermal Decomposition with the Assistance of Methane: Mechanistic Study of By-Reactions","authors":"Lei Pan, Changhui Zhang, Chengna Dai, Ning Liu, Ning Wang, Gangqiang Yu, Biaohua Chen, Ruinian Xu","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03318","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and economical purification of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), one of the most abundant greenhouse gases, is urgently needed to prevent global warming, especially from exhaust emissions produced during adipic acid production. This study investigates the N<sub>2</sub>O thermal decomposition process via high-temperature incineration (800–1400 °C), as well as the effects of oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) on <i>de</i>N<sub>2</sub>O efficiency and nitrogen selectivity. Under sufficient reaction conditions, <i>de</i>N<sub>2</sub>O efficiency reached 100% at ∼1000 °C. The introduction of CH<sub>4</sub> was found to significantly enhance <i>de</i>N<sub>2</sub>O efficiency, with the addition of 5% CH<sub>4</sub> resulting in complete N<sub>2</sub>O removal at <900 °C. Additionally, the influences of O<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> on the products nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) were analyzed via temperature-programmed reaction monitoring. Combined with the energy barriers obtained from density functional theory calculations, the reaction pathway network of N<sub>2</sub>O decomposition with and without CH<sub>4</sub> was established. Moreover, the reaction rate equation for the crucial byproduct NO<sub>2</sub> was derived from the elementary steps in the reaction network.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03251
Tianzhen Wang, Junxian Pei, Haifeng Jiang
Faced with the dual challenges of energy crisis and water scarcity, desalination using low-grade heat to obtain freshwater has attracted increasing attention. Here, by coupling the temperature gradient with surface wettability in a nanochannel, an efficient desalination method utilizing low-grade heat energy without phase change is proposed. Driven by a temperature gradient, the liquid water in the nanochannel would undergo directional migration depending on surface wettability. Considering the extremely low wetting pressure in the hydrophilic channel, efficient desalination without an external force can be achieved by controlling the channel size. The influence of channel length and temperature difference on water flux is further studied, and the key role of wetting degree between the interface of nanomaterials and water in this thermal osmosis process was revealed. Typically, for a hydrophilic channel with 6.4 nm length and 0.7 nm slit size, a water flux of 1733 kg/(m2 s) with salt rejection up to 100% can be achieved at a temperature difference of 75 K. The results presented here provide a new strategy for efficient desalination using low-grade heat energy.
{"title":"Desalination Driven by Temperature Gradient Coupled with Surface Wettability in a Graphene Channel","authors":"Tianzhen Wang, Junxian Pei, Haifeng Jiang","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c03251","url":null,"abstract":"Faced with the dual challenges of energy crisis and water scarcity, desalination using low-grade heat to obtain freshwater has attracted increasing attention. Here, by coupling the temperature gradient with surface wettability in a nanochannel, an efficient desalination method utilizing low-grade heat energy without phase change is proposed. Driven by a temperature gradient, the liquid water in the nanochannel would undergo directional migration depending on surface wettability. Considering the extremely low wetting pressure in the hydrophilic channel, efficient desalination without an external force can be achieved by controlling the channel size. The influence of channel length and temperature difference on water flux is further studied, and the key role of wetting degree between the interface of nanomaterials and water in this thermal osmosis process was revealed. Typically, for a hydrophilic channel with 6.4 nm length and 0.7 nm slit size, a water flux of 1733 kg/(m<sup>2</sup> s) with salt rejection up to 100% can be achieved at a temperature difference of 75 K. The results presented here provide a new strategy for efficient desalination using low-grade heat energy.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"95 52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02967
Jichen Li, Yang Yu, Lipeng Liu, Zhu Tu, Zhiyong Wei
Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) copolyesters are indispensable components of degradable plastics, but their relatively low strength and barrier properties hamper their applications in daily life. Herein, poly(butylene adipate-co-carbonate-co-terephthalate) (PBACT) copolymers with different butylene adipate/butylene carbonate (A/C) content ratios were prepared by adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as the fourth monomer based on melt polycondensation. Specifically, the aromatic unit butylene terephthalate was fixed at 50% molar content, while the aliphatic unit consisting of butylene adipate (BA) and butylene carbonate (BC) units varied. The designed copolyesters maintained high toughness (>700%) and low glass transition temperature (<−13 °C). More appealingly, the insertion of DMC unit endowed the copolyester with a superior barrier performance. Considering its potential commercial feasibility, the PBACT copolyester was a preliminary scale-up prepared in a 5 L steel polymerization reactor, and the kilogram-scale PBACT material was subsequently blown into a high-performance film. It provides new insights into the modifications of PBAT copolyesters with a high barrier performance by incorporation of DMC.
{"title":"Screening and Scale-Up Modifications of PBAT Copolymer with Enhanced Barrier Properties by Incorporation of DMC","authors":"Jichen Li, Yang Yu, Lipeng Liu, Zhu Tu, Zhiyong Wei","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02967","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(butylene adipate-<i>co</i>-terephthalate) (PBAT) copolyesters are indispensable components of degradable plastics, but their relatively low strength and barrier properties hamper their applications in daily life. Herein, poly(butylene adipate-<i>co</i>-carbonate-<i>co</i>-terephthalate) (PBACT) copolymers with different butylene adipate/butylene carbonate (A/C) content ratios were prepared by adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as the fourth monomer based on melt polycondensation. Specifically, the aromatic unit butylene terephthalate was fixed at 50% molar content, while the aliphatic unit consisting of butylene adipate (BA) and butylene carbonate (BC) units varied. The designed copolyesters maintained high toughness (>700%) and low glass transition temperature (<−13 °C). More appealingly, the insertion of DMC unit endowed the copolyester with a superior barrier performance. Considering its potential commercial feasibility, the PBACT copolyester was a preliminary scale-up prepared in a 5 L steel polymerization reactor, and the kilogram-scale PBACT material was subsequently blown into a high-performance film. It provides new insights into the modifications of PBAT copolyesters with a high barrier performance by incorporation of DMC.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) are considered to be a promising and safe energy storage system. The design of carbon-based cathode materials is crucial to improving the performance of ZHSCs. In this work, a nitrogen-doped porous carbon fiber (NPCE) was prepared by a combination of template and etching methods, which could directly serve as the cathode for ZHSCs. The ion transfer channel was adjusted by rationally controlling the amount of ZnO template agent, which enhanced ion transfer and increased the capacitive contribution. The pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile as carbon and nitrogen resources provided rich nitrogen functional groups for charge storage. In a 2 M ZnSO4 electrolyte, the optimized NPCE-4 exhibited superior electrochemical performance with a capacitance of 283.9 F g–1 at a current density of 1 mA cm–2. The ZHSC achieved an energy density of 101 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 457 W kg–1, along with excellent cycle life with a capacity retention rate of 98.9% at 20 mA cm–2 after 10 000 cycles.
锌离子混合超级电容器（ZHSCs）被认为是一种前景广阔的安全储能系统。碳基阴极材料的设计对于提高锌离子超级电容器的性能至关重要。本研究采用模板法和蚀刻法制备了氮掺杂多孔碳纤维（NPCE），可直接用作 ZHSCs 的阴极。通过合理控制 ZnO 模板剂的用量，调整了离子传输通道，从而增强了离子传输，提高了电容贡献率。作为碳和氮资源的聚丙烯腈的热解为电荷存储提供了丰富的氮官能团。在 2 M ZnSO4 电解质中，优化的 NPCE-4 表现出卓越的电化学性能，在电流密度为 1 mA cm-2 时电容为 283.9 F g-1。ZHSC 的能量密度为 101 Wh kg-1，功率密度为 457 W kg-1，同时具有出色的循环寿命，在 20 mA cm-2 循环 10,000 次后，容量保持率为 98.9%。
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Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02615
Maharshi R. Dave, Fernando Vega, Nader Mahinpey
The only commercially viable technology available today for CO2 capture on an industrial scale is the amine absorption process. However, the capture cost is still significantly high and needs to be reduced to encourage more industries and businesses to implement the technology. One aspect of the process with a major scope of improvement is the absorber column. This research investigated the use of a spray column for gas–liquid contacting operation as compared to the currently used packed bed absorber, which is associated with high capital and maintenance cost. An experimental investigation was carried out using 30 wt % monoethanol amine as the solvent to obtain a CO2 concentration and temperature profile along the spray column length and measure the overall absorption efficiency. The multinozzle arrangement used in this study showed the best performance as compared to the single-nozzle spray column with an increase in absorption efficiency by up to 10% under similar operating conditions.
{"title":"Improvement of the Spray Column Performance for CO2 Capture in an Amine Absorption Process Using Multiple Nozzle Arrangement","authors":"Maharshi R. Dave, Fernando Vega, Nader Mahinpey","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c02615","url":null,"abstract":"The only commercially viable technology available today for CO<sub>2</sub> capture on an industrial scale is the amine absorption process. However, the capture cost is still significantly high and needs to be reduced to encourage more industries and businesses to implement the technology. One aspect of the process with a major scope of improvement is the absorber column. This research investigated the use of a spray column for gas–liquid contacting operation as compared to the currently used packed bed absorber, which is associated with high capital and maintenance cost. An experimental investigation was carried out using 30 wt % monoethanol amine as the solvent to obtain a CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature profile along the spray column length and measure the overall absorption efficiency. The multinozzle arrangement used in this study showed the best performance as compared to the single-nozzle spray column with an increase in absorption efficiency by up to 10% under similar operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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