The high-value utilization of waste materials is crucial in promoting green and sustainable development. Herein, soot particles (SP) derived from diesel engine emissions were employed as carbon supports, and a series of Pd-based catalysts were synthesized using a simple impregnation method. Na incorporation was found to considerably enhance phenol conversion and cyclohexanone selectivity by promoting the formation of small Pd particles, thereby increasing the proportion of Pd0 and strengthening surface basicity. Among the prepared catalysts, 1Pd/3Na-SP-R exhibited the best catalytic performance, achieving a turnover frequency of 2345.7 h–1, nearly 18 times higher than that of undoped 1Pd/SP-R (124.7 h–1). Moreover, the catalyst demonstrated excellent stability over five reaction cycles. This work provides a promising strategy for the sustainable and high-value reuse of SP derived from diesel exhaust.
{"title":"Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol over Pd Supported on Na-Modified Fe-Containing Soot Particles Derived from Diesel Exhaust","authors":"Jiajun Hu, Xiaoteng Zhao, Shuxin Teng, Chenxiao Mu, Shi Jiang, Changlin Chen, Yu Guo","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c03427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c03427","url":null,"abstract":"The high-value utilization of waste materials is crucial in promoting green and sustainable development. Herein, soot particles (SP) derived from diesel engine emissions were employed as carbon supports, and a series of Pd-based catalysts were synthesized using a simple impregnation method. Na incorporation was found to considerably enhance phenol conversion and cyclohexanone selectivity by promoting the formation of small Pd particles, thereby increasing the proportion of Pd<sup>0</sup> and strengthening surface basicity. Among the prepared catalysts, 1Pd/3Na-SP-R exhibited the best catalytic performance, achieving a turnover frequency of 2345.7 h<sup>–1</sup>, nearly 18 times higher than that of undoped 1Pd/SP-R (124.7 h<sup>–1</sup>). Moreover, the catalyst demonstrated excellent stability over five reaction cycles. This work provides a promising strategy for the sustainable and high-value reuse of SP derived from diesel exhaust.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The polymerization of triethylenetetramine (TETA) with epoxy resin produced a porous amine–epoxy polymer (AEP). Polypropylene glycol, used as the porogen, was subsequently removed. This industrially viable method yielded an AEP with a high amine density (10.4 mmol/g), a specific surface area of 7.5 m2/g, and a cocontinuous porous structure. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the three-dimensional network skeleton and through-hole morphology, with pore sizes below 1 μm. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that although TETA has limited thermal stability, the synthesized AEP exhibits significantly enhanced thermal resistance. CO2 adsorption experiments, conducted using 400 ppm of CO2/N2 gas at 20 °C and 50% relative humidity, demonstrated that increasing the regeneration temperature moderately increased CO2 desorption. Notably, CO2 desorption at 65 °C reached 1.81 mmol/g, demonstrating excellent low-temperature regeneration performance and working capacity under mild regeneration conditions. These results indicate that the porous AEP is a promising candidate for energy-efficient direct air capture applications.
{"title":"A Low-Temperature Regenerative Porous Amine–Epoxy Polymer for Direct Air Capture","authors":"Mizuki Yamamoto, Yukako Eguchi, Hidetaka Yamada, Akio Kodama","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c04481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c04481","url":null,"abstract":"The polymerization of triethylenetetramine (TETA) with epoxy resin produced a porous amine–epoxy polymer (AEP). Polypropylene glycol, used as the porogen, was subsequently removed. This industrially viable method yielded an AEP with a high amine density (10.4 mmol/g), a specific surface area of 7.5 m<sup>2</sup>/g, and a cocontinuous porous structure. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the three-dimensional network skeleton and through-hole morphology, with pore sizes below 1 μm. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that although TETA has limited thermal stability, the synthesized AEP exhibits significantly enhanced thermal resistance. CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption experiments, conducted using 400 ppm of CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> gas at 20 °C and 50% relative humidity, demonstrated that increasing the regeneration temperature moderately increased CO<sub>2</sub> desorption. Notably, CO<sub>2</sub> desorption at 65 °C reached 1.81 mmol/g, demonstrating excellent low-temperature regeneration performance and working capacity under mild regeneration conditions. These results indicate that the porous AEP is a promising candidate for energy-efficient direct air capture applications.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports the development of a novel intelligent film for food freshness monitoring. The material is composed of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix functionalized with pH-responsive methyl methacrylate-shikonin-allicin (MSAL) composite nanoparticles loaded with betaine (BTR). Fabricated via a straightforward solution blending and casting process, the resulting MSAL-BTR-PVA film demonstrates a dual pH-responsive colorimetric and fluorometric change, coupled with high stability and sensitivity. The microstructure and antibacterial properties of the MSAL-BTR-PVA film were investigated. These properties establish its significant potential for application as an intelligent packaging material capable of real-time food quality assessment.
{"title":"Fabrication of an Intelligent Thin Film Functionalized with MSAL-BTR Composite Nanoparticles for Real-Time Food Freshness Monitoring","authors":"Bihua Xia, Yangyu Huang, Jin Xu, Runyi Qu, Xiaonan Zhang, Yifei Zhang, Ting Li, Jing Huang, Yang Wang, Mingqing Chen, Shibo Wang, Weifu Dong","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c05042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c05042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the development of a novel intelligent film for food freshness monitoring. The material is composed of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix functionalized with pH-responsive methyl methacrylate-shikonin-allicin (MSAL) composite nanoparticles loaded with betaine (BTR). Fabricated via a straightforward solution blending and casting process, the resulting MSAL-BTR-PVA film demonstrates a dual pH-responsive colorimetric and fluorometric change, coupled with high stability and sensitivity. The microstructure and antibacterial properties of the MSAL-BTR-PVA film were investigated. These properties establish its significant potential for application as an intelligent packaging material capable of real-time food quality assessment.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6c00044
Peng Ni, Jialiang Yuan, Chong Liu, Zhenguo Wu
The inherent kinetic limitations associated with sodium storage in hard carbon (HC) anodes hinder further improvements in the energy density of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, we present a facile and scalable synthesis strategy for a fluorine-doped HC anode. The incorporation of fluorine effectively suppresses graphitization during high-temperature carbonization, resulting in a highly disordered carbon structure with an expanded interlayer spacing and abundant surface defects. These structural features introduce numerous active sites and significantly enhance the surface adsorption capability of sodium ions. The optimized material delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 350.3 mAh g–1 in ester-based electrolytes and exhibits superior cycling stability compared to pristine phenolic resin-derived HC─achieving a capacity retention rate of 84.3% after 100 cycles at 100 mA g–1. This study offers a practical and rational design approach for high-performance HC anodes, paving the way toward their viable application in SIBs.
钠在硬碳（HC）阳极中存储的固有动力学限制阻碍了钠离子电池（sib）能量密度的进一步提高。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种简单而可扩展的氟掺杂HC阳极合成策略。氟的加入有效地抑制了高温碳化过程中的石墨化，导致碳结构高度无序，层间距扩大，表面缺陷丰富。这些结构特征引入了大量的活性位点，显著提高了钠离子的表面吸附能力。优化后的材料在酯基电解质中具有350.3 mAh g-1的高可逆比容量，与原始酚醛树脂衍生的HC相比，具有优越的循环稳定性，在100 mA g-1下循环100次后，容量保持率达到84.3%。本研究为高性能HC阳极提供了一种实用而合理的设计方法，为其在sib中的可行应用铺平了道路。
{"title":"Fluorine Doping Enhances Surface Adsorption for High-Performance Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Peng Ni, Jialiang Yuan, Chong Liu, Zhenguo Wu","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.6c00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6c00044","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent kinetic limitations associated with sodium storage in hard carbon (HC) anodes hinder further improvements in the energy density of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, we present a facile and scalable synthesis strategy for a fluorine-doped HC anode. The incorporation of fluorine effectively suppresses graphitization during high-temperature carbonization, resulting in a highly disordered carbon structure with an expanded interlayer spacing and abundant surface defects. These structural features introduce numerous active sites and significantly enhance the surface adsorption capability of sodium ions. The optimized material delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 350.3 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> in ester-based electrolytes and exhibits superior cycling stability compared to pristine phenolic resin-derived HC─achieving a capacity retention rate of 84.3% after 100 cycles at 100 mA g<sup>–1</sup>. This study offers a practical and rational design approach for high-performance HC anodes, paving the way toward their viable application in SIBs.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An automated column-flow reactor equipped with inline infrared and near-infrared spectrometers was developed to investigate the ZrO2-catalyzed direct amidation of methyl benzoate with n-butylamine in diglyme at 140 to 170 °C. Residence time distribution measurement at various flow rates revealed that the ester and amide passed through the catalyst-packed column in a plug-flow manner, whereas the amine was strongly adsorbed onto the catalyst. The measurement also showed that water chemisorbed on the fresh catalyst, which hydrolyzed the ester and amide, had to be removed by a flowing sacrificial ester solution prior to the kinetic analysis. The real-time spectroscopic monitoring, combined with automatic stepwise reduction of the flow rate, facilitated the kinetic analysis to determine the second-order rate constant and the corresponding activation energy. These results suggested a new reaction mechanism in which dissociative adsorption of the amine on Lewis acidic and basic sites of the catalyst plays a key role in the ester amidation.
{"title":"Automated Column-Flow Reactor with Inline Spectrometers for the Residence Time Measurement and Kinetic Analysis of ZrO2-Catalyzed Direct Ester Amidation","authors":"Tsutomu Chida, Yoshihiro Takebayashi, Kiwamu Sue, Sho Kataoka","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.6c00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6c00042","url":null,"abstract":"An automated column-flow reactor equipped with inline infrared and near-infrared spectrometers was developed to investigate the ZrO<sub>2</sub>-catalyzed direct amidation of methyl benzoate with <i>n</i>-butylamine in diglyme at 140 to 170 °C. Residence time distribution measurement at various flow rates revealed that the ester and amide passed through the catalyst-packed column in a plug-flow manner, whereas the amine was strongly adsorbed onto the catalyst. The measurement also showed that water chemisorbed on the fresh catalyst, which hydrolyzed the ester and amide, had to be removed by a flowing sacrificial ester solution prior to the kinetic analysis. The real-time spectroscopic monitoring, combined with automatic stepwise reduction of the flow rate, facilitated the kinetic analysis to determine the second-order rate constant and the corresponding activation energy. These results suggested a new reaction mechanism in which dissociative adsorption of the amine on Lewis acidic and basic sites of the catalyst plays a key role in the ester amidation.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As biotechnology advances, nucleoside-based active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are emerging as a prominent therapeutic area, owing to their unique biological activities. However, the purification of intermediates such as 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-N-benzoyl-deoxycytidine (Bz-Dmt-dC) remains challenging because conventional chromatographic methods are costly and difficult to scale. This study introduces an intensified antisolvent crystallization process utilizing Taylor vortex flow in a Couette–Taylor (CT) crystallizer. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to systematically optimize key process parameters, including the rotational speed, inner diameter of the crystallizer, and cooling rate, for achieving high crystallinity, narrow particle size distribution, and regular crystal habits. Under optimized conditions, the CT crystallizer yielded short rod-like crystals with a narrow particle size distribution (D50 ≈ 345 μm) and a crystallinity exceeding 99.87%, significantly outperforming both the mixing-tank (MT) crystallizer and static crystallization approaches. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations further revealed that the uniform shear field and enhanced mass transfer within Taylor vortices promoted the integration of sterically hindered molecules into the crystal lattice. Overall, this work demonstrates a scalable and efficient alternative for the purification of nucleoside APIs, with the potential for industrial adoption.
随着生物技术的进步，核苷类活性药物成分因其独特的生物活性而成为一个重要的治疗领域。然而，由于传统的色谱方法成本高且难以规模化，5 ' - o -二甲氧基三烷基- n -苯甲酰脱氧胞苷（Bz-Dmt-dC）等中间体的纯化仍然具有挑战性。本研究介绍了一种在库埃特-泰勒（CT）结晶器中利用泰勒涡流强化的抗溶剂结晶过程。采用响应面法（RSM）对结晶器转速、结晶器内径、冷却速度等关键工艺参数进行了系统优化，以实现高结晶度、窄粒度分布和规则晶态。在优化的结晶条件下，CT结晶器获得了粒径分布窄（D50≈345 μm）的短棒状结晶，结晶度超过99.87%，明显优于MT结晶器和静态结晶器。计算流体力学（CFD）模拟进一步揭示了泰勒涡内均匀剪切场和增强的传质促进了位阻分子在晶格中的整合。总的来说，这项工作证明了核苷原料药纯化的一种可扩展和有效的替代方法，具有工业应用的潜力。
{"title":"DoE-Based Optimization of Anti-solvent Crystallization for 5′-O-Dimethoxytrityl-N-benzoyl-deoxycytidine in a Couette–Taylor Crystallizer","authors":"Shuo Wang, Jingjing Zhou, Jingjian Li, Yanmin Song, Bowen Zhang, Dandan Han, Junbo Gong","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c05247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c05247","url":null,"abstract":"As biotechnology advances, nucleoside-based active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are emerging as a prominent therapeutic area, owing to their unique biological activities. However, the purification of intermediates such as 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl-<i>N</i>-benzoyl-deoxycytidine (Bz-Dmt-dC) remains challenging because conventional chromatographic methods are costly and difficult to scale. This study introduces an intensified antisolvent crystallization process utilizing Taylor vortex flow in a Couette–Taylor (CT) crystallizer. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to systematically optimize key process parameters, including the rotational speed, inner diameter of the crystallizer, and cooling rate, for achieving high crystallinity, narrow particle size distribution, and regular crystal habits. Under optimized conditions, the CT crystallizer yielded short rod-like crystals with a narrow particle size distribution (D<sub>50</sub> ≈ 345 μm) and a crystallinity exceeding 99.87%, significantly outperforming both the mixing-tank (MT) crystallizer and static crystallization approaches. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations further revealed that the uniform shear field and enhanced mass transfer within Taylor vortices promoted the integration of sterically hindered molecules into the crystal lattice. Overall, this work demonstrates a scalable and efficient alternative for the purification of nucleoside APIs, with the potential for industrial adoption.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The introduction of a porogen into a solid amine adsorbent was effective in enhancing the CO2 capture performance, structural stability, and long-term cycling stability. This study selected polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a porogen and prepared a series of CSP-nP-mT pellets, in which ZSM-5 served as the support, chitosan (CS) as the binder, and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) as the amine source. The results demonstrated that PEG effectively optimized the adsorbent pore structure, which enhanced the CO2 diffusion and improved accessibility to active amine sites. The structural optimization resulted in a significant increase in the CO2 adsorption capacity by 48.8% (from 1.74 to 2.59 mmol·g–1) compared to the sample without PEG. In addition to the improved adsorption performance, the compressive strength of CSP-1P-0.2T was 23% higher than that of CSP-0.2T. For the characterization of the adsorbent, N2 adsorption–desorption tests were employed to evaluate the pore structure of adsorbent pellets. SEM was used to measure the morphology of adsorbent pellets with different amounts of porogens. FT-IR and TGA were utilized to analyze the variation of functional groups and weight loss during the adsorption process. Furthermore, the adsorbents exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining 87.2% of their initial capacity after 30 adsorption–desorption cycles. These results demonstrated that the incorporation of PEG in the adsorbent can effectively enhance the adsorption performance of solid amine adsorbents, which provided a strategy for developing high-performance adsorbents.
{"title":"Enhanced Pore Size in Solid Amine Adsorbent Pellets with PEG Porogen for High-Performance CO2 Capture","authors":"Haixin Liu, Jintao Xu, Luming Qi, Zhenyang Rong, Jiaxuan Wang, Xiaoyang Tang, Zhaoyang Fei, Xian Chen, Qing Liu, Xu Qiao","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c03720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c03720","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of a porogen into a solid amine adsorbent was effective in enhancing the CO<sub>2</sub> capture performance, structural stability, and long-term cycling stability. This study selected polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a porogen and prepared a series of CSP-<i>n</i>P-<i>m</i>T pellets, in which ZSM-5 served as the support, chitosan (CS) as the binder, and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) as the amine source. The results demonstrated that PEG effectively optimized the adsorbent pore structure, which enhanced the CO<sub>2</sub> diffusion and improved accessibility to active amine sites. The structural optimization resulted in a significant increase in the CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity by 48.8% (from 1.74 to 2.59 mmol·g<sup>–1</sup>) compared to the sample without PEG. In addition to the improved adsorption performance, the compressive strength of CSP-1P-0.2T was 23% higher than that of CSP-0.2T. For the characterization of the adsorbent, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption–desorption tests were employed to evaluate the pore structure of adsorbent pellets. SEM was used to measure the morphology of adsorbent pellets with different amounts of porogens. FT-IR and TGA were utilized to analyze the variation of functional groups and weight loss during the adsorption process. Furthermore, the adsorbents exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining 87.2% of their initial capacity after 30 adsorption–desorption cycles. These results demonstrated that the incorporation of PEG in the adsorbent can effectively enhance the adsorption performance of solid amine adsorbents, which provided a strategy for developing high-performance adsorbents.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The escalating demand for rare earth elements (REEs) necessitates efficient adsorbents for REE(III) recovery. Herein, a low-cost composite (OAC–PEI–MP) is engineered by grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) and phosphonic acid ligands onto oxidized activated carbon, creating highly abundant REE(III) binding sites. Comprehensive characterization (SEM, FTIR, XPS, ζ-potential, N2 physisorption) confirms successful functionalization. Adsorption evaluations for Nd(III) (light REE) and Yb(III) (heavy REE) demonstrate pH-/temperature-/concentration-dependent capacities, with isothermal and kinetic behaviors fitting Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Remarkable selectivity is observed in binary systems (La/Ni, Sm/Co). OAC–PEI–MP shows high preferential enrichment toward REEs from the leachate of the NdFeB magnet, highlighting its potential for industrial REE separation.
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5c04826
Marie Raffin, Pierre-Yves Dugas, Timo Melchin, Franck D’Agosto, Muriel Lansalot
The synthesis, alcoholysis, and aqueous solution properties of two different architectures of copolymers obtained by macromolecular design via interchange of xanthate (MADIX) and comprising of vinyl acetate (VAc), vinyl alcohol (VOH), and a more hydrophobic vinyl neodecanoate (Versa10, V10) comonomer are reported. The use of MADIX polymerization allowed the synthesis of poly[(vinyl acetate)-co-(vinyl neodecanoate)] statistical copolymers as well as poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly[(vinyl acetate)-co-(vinyl neodecanoate)] block copolymers incorporating a statistical segment with different fractions of V10. Subsequently, these structures were alcoholyzed to introduce VOH units and generate amphiphilic copolymers. Self-assembly of these macromolecular structures was evaluated in water, and these new copolymers were tested as stabilizers in the emulsion copolymerization of VAc and V10.
{"title":"MADIX Synthesis of Hydrophobically Modified poly(vinyl alcohol)s and their Properties as Stabilizers in Emulsion Polymerization","authors":"Marie Raffin, Pierre-Yves Dugas, Timo Melchin, Franck D’Agosto, Muriel Lansalot","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c04826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c04826","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis, alcoholysis, and aqueous solution properties of two different architectures of copolymers obtained by macromolecular design via interchange of xanthate (MADIX) and comprising of vinyl acetate (VAc), vinyl alcohol (VOH), and a more hydrophobic vinyl neodecanoate (Versa10, V10) comonomer are reported. The use of MADIX polymerization allowed the synthesis of poly[(vinyl acetate)-<i>co</i>-(vinyl neodecanoate)] statistical copolymers as well as poly(vinyl acetate)-<i>b</i>-poly[(vinyl acetate)-<i>co</i>-(vinyl neodecanoate)] block copolymers incorporating a statistical segment with different fractions of V10. Subsequently, these structures were alcoholyzed to introduce VOH units and generate amphiphilic copolymers. Self-assembly of these macromolecular structures was evaluated in water, and these new copolymers were tested as stabilizers in the emulsion copolymerization of VAc and V10.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"273 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5c05317
Huashuai Wu, Fan Shi, Gang Wang, Yong Yang, Yongwang Li, Junwen Wang
Industrial fixed-bed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over large iron-based catalysts is often plagued by severe intraparticle diffusion limitations, leading to a significant loss in C5+ selectivity. Rational catalyst design has been hampered by models that fail to deconstruct the complex interplay of reaction kinetics, multicomponent transport, and the nonideal phase behavior of wax-filled pores. In this work, a rigorous multiscale framework was established by integrating detailed intrinsic kinetics with the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state to capture the thermodynamic influence on localized concentration profiles. By accurately capturing the carbon-number-dependent liquid-phase olefin concentration, this approach correctly models the enhanced olefin readsorption and secondary reactions that drive the observed deviation from ideal chain-growth polymerization. Simulation results reveal that severe CO starvation transforms the interior of large solid particles into a detrimental methane generator. This insight recharacterizes the eggshell catalyst not as a theoretical optimum, but as a pragmatic and robust compromise that effectively mitigates the diffusion limitations. Comparative analysis across structured geometries shows that the hollow cylinder effectively suppresses the internal H2/CO ratio and maintains excellent selectivity even at larger dimensions. Meanwhile, the washcoated slab demonstrates the highest kinetic potential with nearly double the conversion of eggshell spherical catalysts, though it simultaneously increases the risk of hydrothermal deactivation due to elevated water partial pressure. These findings indicate that future breakthroughs depend on the synergistic codesign of catalyst architecture and reactor configuration to manage high reaction intensities safely. This work provides the quantitative framework for such an integrated strategy.
{"title":"Unraveling Diffusion-Reaction Interplay for Rational Design of Iron-Based Fischer–Tropsch Catalysts","authors":"Huashuai Wu, Fan Shi, Gang Wang, Yong Yang, Yongwang Li, Junwen Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.5c05317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5c05317","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial fixed-bed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over large iron-based catalysts is often plagued by severe intraparticle diffusion limitations, leading to a significant loss in C<sub>5+</sub> selectivity. Rational catalyst design has been hampered by models that fail to deconstruct the complex interplay of reaction kinetics, multicomponent transport, and the nonideal phase behavior of wax-filled pores. In this work, a rigorous multiscale framework was established by integrating detailed intrinsic kinetics with the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state to capture the thermodynamic influence on localized concentration profiles. By accurately capturing the carbon-number-dependent liquid-phase olefin concentration, this approach correctly models the enhanced olefin readsorption and secondary reactions that drive the observed deviation from ideal chain-growth polymerization. Simulation results reveal that severe CO starvation transforms the interior of large solid particles into a detrimental methane generator. This insight recharacterizes the eggshell catalyst not as a theoretical optimum, but as a pragmatic and robust compromise that effectively mitigates the diffusion limitations. Comparative analysis across structured geometries shows that the hollow cylinder effectively suppresses the internal H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio and maintains excellent selectivity even at larger dimensions. Meanwhile, the washcoated slab demonstrates the highest kinetic potential with nearly double the conversion of eggshell spherical catalysts, though it simultaneously increases the risk of hydrothermal deactivation due to elevated water partial pressure. These findings indicate that future breakthroughs depend on the synergistic codesign of catalyst architecture and reactor configuration to manage high reaction intensities safely. This work provides the quantitative framework for such an integrated strategy.","PeriodicalId":39,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：