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The Intersection of Algebra and Cryptography: Enhancing Information Security through Mathematical Foundations 代数学与密码学的交汇:通过数学基础增强信息安全
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.52783/cana.v31.943
Shashi Raj, Dr. M. Manicka Raja, Dr Vijay More, Dr Ch Madhava Rao, Dr. M Kavitha, Dr. Gurwinder Singh
The rapid advancements in digital technologies have necessitated the development of robust information security measures. This paper explores the intersection of algebra and cryptography, focusing on how algebraic principles can enhance cryptographic techniques to provide stronger security foundations. By leveraging mathematical structures such as groups, rings, and fields, we can address critical challenges in encryption, secure communications, and data privacy. This study reviews key algebraic methods used in contemporary cryptographic protocols, including elliptic curve cryptography, homomorphic encryption, and lattice-based cryptography, and demonstrates their practical applications through detailed case studies. Our comparative analysis highlights the superior performance and security of algebra-based cryptographic solutions compared to traditional methods. Finally, we discuss the emerging trends and future directions in algebraic cryptography, emphasizing the potential of these mathematical foundations to address the evolving threats in information security.
随着数字技术的飞速发展,有必要开发强大的信息安全措施。本文探讨了代数学与密码学的交叉点,重点是代数原理如何增强密码技术,从而提供更强大的安全基础。通过利用群、环和场等数学结构,我们可以解决加密、安全通信和数据隐私方面的关键挑战。本研究回顾了当代密码协议中使用的关键代数方法,包括椭圆曲线密码学、同态加密和基于网格的密码学,并通过详细的案例研究展示了它们的实际应用。与传统方法相比,我们的对比分析凸显了基于代数的加密解决方案的卓越性能和安全性。最后,我们讨论了代数密码学的新兴趋势和未来方向,强调了这些数学基础在应对不断变化的信息安全威胁方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Some Bench Mark Results on Total Domination Subdivision Stable Graph 总统治细分稳定图的一些基准结果
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.52783/cana.v31.860
A. Jeeva
For a graph G, the total dominating set defined as a set of vertices in S such that all the vertices in V(G) has at least one neighbor in S, the least cardinality is noted as t(G). The total domination number of each and every graph while subdividing any edge xy of G is equal to the total domination number of G, which results in the total domination subdivision stable graph abbreviated as TDSS and the symbolic expression is Gtsd(xy). The research paper, we introduce TDSS and proposed conditions under which a graph is TDSS and not TDSS.
对于图 G,总支配集定义为 S 中的顶点集合,使得 V(G)中的所有顶点在 S 中至少有一个相邻顶点,最小心数记为 t(G)。在细分 G 的任意一条边 xy 时,每个图的总支配数都等于 G 的总支配数,因此总支配细分稳定图简称为 TDSS,符号表达式为 Gtsd(xy)。在本研究论文中,我们介绍了 TDSS,并提出了图是 TDSS 和不是 TDSS 的条件。
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引用次数: 0
An Analytical Study of the Number of Communicable Diseases and Health Institutions in Iraq using Two-Way Analysis of Variance, Friedman and Scheffe Tests 利用双向方差分析、弗里德曼检验和 Scheffe 检验对伊拉克传染病数量和卫生机构进行分析研究
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.52783/cana.v31.828
Hadeel Salim Alkutubi, Maani A. Saeed, Shaymaa Y. Alkufi, Shaymaa Maki Kadham
In this research paper, data were analyzed from Environmental Statistics in Iraq (Health Indicators for 2019)/ Central Statistical Organization /Iraqi Ministry of Planning. The data represents the number of health institutions distributed across all governorates of Iraq (government hospitals, private hospitals, popular clinics, specialized health centers (dental, chest, allergy, asthma, other specialties), primary health care centers (main and subsidiary), other health institutions (insurance clinics). health care, health homes), training health center, family medicine health center, family planning center, central health laboratories, forensic medicine, blood bank). In addition to other data representing the number of infections with communicable diseases in Iraq (polio, acute flaccid paralysis, whooping cough, measles, German measles, mumps, congenital tetanus, adult tetanus, hydatid cysts, typhoid, malaria, schistosomiasis, bacillus dysentery, rabies, Diphtheria, chicken pox, hemorrhagic fever, Malta fever, pneumonia, cholera, scabies, cutaneous leishmaniasis, black fever, animal bites, meningitis of all kinds, bird flu, swine flu). It was determined whether there are significant differences in the number of health institutions in terms of their distribution across all governorates of Iraq, or not. Also, is there a significant difference in the number of infections with communicable diseases in all governorates of Iraq or not? If there is a significant difference in the number of health institutions or the number of infections with communicable diseases, whichever number is higher. The study included the total number of health institutions in Iraq, as well as the total number of communicable diseases of various types in all governorates of Iraq. The results were obtained by applying the Friedman test, in addition to two-way analysis of variance, as well as the Scheffé test.
在本研究论文中,分析了来自伊拉克环境统计(2019 年健康指标)/中央统计组织/伊拉克计划部的数据。这些数据代表了分布在伊拉克各省的医疗机构数量(政府医院、私立医院、大众诊所、专科医疗中心(牙科、胸科、过敏科、哮喘科、其他专科)、初级医疗保健中心(主中心和附属中心)、其他医疗机构(保险诊所、医疗保健、健康之家)、培训保健中心、家庭医疗保健中心、计划生育中心、中央卫生实验室、法医、血库)。疟疾、血吸虫病、细菌性痢疾、狂犬病、白喉、水痘、出血热、马耳他热、肺炎、 霍乱、疥疮、皮肤利什曼病、黑热病、动物咬伤、各种脑膜炎、禽流感、猪流感)。调查结果显示,伊拉克各省卫生机构的分布是否存在明显差异。此外,伊拉克各省的传染病感染人数是否存在明显差异?如果医疗机构数量或传染病感染人数存在明显差异,以较高者为准。研究包括伊拉克卫生机构总数和伊拉克各省各类传染病总数。除双向方差分析和 Scheffé 检验外,还采用了弗里德曼检验法得出结果。
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引用次数: 0
Smart Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture: Design and Development of IoT-Powered Soil Health Identification Systems 可持续农业的智能解决方案:物联网驱动的土壤健康识别系统的设计与开发
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.52783/cana.v31.946
Ritu Raj Sondhiya, Prof. Vikash Kumar, Singh
This research examines smart solutions for agricultural sustainability using IoT-powered soil health detection systems. Innovative solutions are needed to manage resources and protect the environment as the world population grows and agricultural resources are under strain. IoT-enabled soil health monitoring has great potential. The suggested system uses IoT sensors to measure soil moisture, pH, nutrient content, and temperature in real time. This data is analyzed using powerful data analytics and machine learning algorithms to provide farmers soil health information. Monitoring soil quality allows farmers to make educated irrigation, fertilization, and crop selection choices, optimizing resource use and yields while minimizing environmental effect. The study also examines sensor selection, data transmission methods, and data security for IoT-powered soil health detection systems. Widespread use of these technologies might boost agricultural output, lower input costs, and enhance food security. Finally, IoT-powered soil health detection systems are a major step toward agricultural sustainability. These devices enable precision farming that is ecologically friendly and profitable by giving real-time soil data. However, effective implementation would need agricultural value chain stakeholders to collaborate and continued research to address growing issues and possibilities.
这项研究探讨了利用物联网驱动的土壤健康检测系统实现农业可持续发展的智能解决方案。随着世界人口的增长和农业资源的紧张,需要创新的解决方案来管理资源和保护环境。物联网支持的土壤健康监测具有巨大潜力。建议的系统使用物联网传感器实时测量土壤湿度、pH 值、养分含量和温度。利用强大的数据分析和机器学习算法对这些数据进行分析,为农民提供土壤健康信息。通过监测土壤质量,农民可以做出明智的灌溉、施肥和作物选择,优化资源利用和产量,同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响。该研究还探讨了物联网驱动的土壤健康检测系统的传感器选择、数据传输方法和数据安全性。这些技术的广泛使用可能会提高农业产量、降低投入成本并加强粮食安全。最后,物联网驱动的土壤健康检测系统是实现农业可持续发展的重要一步。这些设备通过提供实时土壤数据,实现了生态友好和有利可图的精准农业。然而,有效的实施需要农业价值链利益相关者的合作和持续研究,以解决日益增长的问题和可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing Forest Surveillance: A Hybrid Algorithm Combining ACO and ABC 优化森林监控:结合 ACO 和 ABC 的混合算法
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.52783/cana.v31.827
SJ Yatish, Viji Vinod
This work introduces a potential Hybrid Algorithm for the complex field of forest monitoring, integrating Artificial Bee Colony Optimisation (ABC) and Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO). The performance indicators of the algorithm were carefully assessed in a fictitious use case. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by a shorter drone path, a shorter flight duration, and less energy usage, making it an affordable surveillance option. In addition, the algorithm demonstrated a great rate of mission coverage, quick convergence, and consistently good quality of solutions. Its usefulness in dynamic forest habitats was highlighted by its capacity to adjust to changing weather conditions and scale to accommodate more waypoints. Its cost-effectiveness is increased by efficient resource utilisation, which is demonstrated by low CPU and memory consumption. Taken together, these results highlight how the algorithm may transform forest surveillance by increasing operational effectiveness, cutting expenses, and satisfying the changing requirements of intricate monitoring scenarios. To fully realise the algorithm's potential for environmental monitoring applications, this research advocates for more real-world testing and optimisation.
这项研究针对复杂的森林监测领域,介绍了一种潜在的混合算法,将人工蜂群优化算法(ABC)和蚁群优化算法(ACO)融为一体。在一个虚构的使用案例中,对该算法的性能指标进行了仔细评估。无人机路径更短、飞行时间更短、能耗更低,这些都证明了该算法的有效性,使其成为一种经济实惠的监控选择。此外,该算法的任务覆盖率高、收敛速度快,而且解决方案的质量始终如一。该算法能适应不断变化的天气条件,并能扩展以容纳更多的航点,这凸显了它在动态森林栖息地的实用性。CPU 和内存消耗低,资源利用效率高,从而提高了成本效益。综上所述,这些结果凸显了该算法如何通过提高运行效率、降低成本以及满足复杂监测场景不断变化的要求来改变森林监测。为了充分发挥该算法在环境监测应用中的潜力,本研究主张进行更多的实际测试和优化。
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引用次数: 0
Association Schemes for Some Finite Group Rings II 某些有限群环的关联方案 II
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.52783/cana.v31.918
Anuradha Sabharwal, Pooja Yadav, R. K. Sharma
Association schemes have been used in coding theory and other combinatorial problems. In this paper, we construct association schemes for the abelian groups Z_2^r,〖 Z〗_(n_1 )×Z_(n_2 )×⋯×Z_(n_r ), set of n ×n matrices over Z_m and for the general linear group of order 2 over Z_2,Z_4, and Z_6. We also obtain association schemes for symmetric groups and alternating groups of degree 4 and 5 using canonical forms.
关联方案已被用于编码理论和其他组合问题。本文构建了无边群 Z_2^r,〖Z〗_(n_1 )×Z_(n_2 )×⋯×Z_(n_r )、Z_m 上 n ×n 矩阵集以及 Z_2、Z_4 和 Z_6 上 2 阶一般线性群的关联方案。我们还利用典型形式获得了对称群和阶数为 4 和 5 的交替群的关联方案。
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引用次数: 0
The Forcing Circular Number of a Graph 图形的强制循环数
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.52783/cana.v31.843
S. Sheeja
Let S be a cr-set of graph G and let G be a connected graph. If S is the only cr-set that contains T, then a subset T⊆S is referred to be a forcing subset for S. A minimum forcing subset of S is a forcing subset for S of minimum cardinality. The cardinality of a minimum forcing subset of S is the forcing circular number of S, represented by the notation f_cr(S). f_cr (G) = min {f_cr(S)} is the forcing circular number of G, where the minimum is the sum of all minimum forcing circular-sets S in G. For several standard graphs, the forcing circular number is identified. It is demonstrated that there exists a connected graph G such that f_g (G)=a and f_cr (G)=b for every integer a≥0, and b≥0.
设 S 是图 G 的一个 cr 集,G 是一个连通图。如果 S 是唯一包含 T 的 cr 集,那么子集 T⊆S 就是 S 的强制子集。S 的最小强制子集的卡片数是 S 的强制循环数,用符号 f_cr(S) 表示。f_cr (G) = min {f_cr(S)} 是 G 的强制循环数,其中最小值是 G 中所有最小强制循环集 S 的和。证明存在一个连通图 G,对于每一个整数 a≥0 和 b≥0,f_g (G)=a 和 f_cr (G)=b 。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced Ultra-Wideband Communication System with OFDM Modulation: Performance Analysis in LOS and NLOS Conditions 采用 OFDM 调制的增强型超宽带通信系统:LOS 和 NLOS 条件下的性能分析
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.52783/cana.v31.845
Khushbu Meena, Rahul Jain
Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems, employing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation, are renowned for their high data rates, low power consumption, and robust performance in multipath environments. However, these systems face significant challenges in varying propagation conditions, specifically under Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) scenarios. In LOS conditions, the signal travels directly from the transmitter to the receiver without obstructions, typically resulting in optimal performance characterized by high transmission efficiency, strong Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), low Bit Error Rate (BER), and maximum throughput. Conversely, NLOS conditions involve obstructions and reflections that cause multipath propagation and signal degradation. This leads to reduced transmission efficiency, lower SNR, higher BER, and diminished throughput. This study examines the performance of an UWB communication system using OFDM modulation in both LOS and NLOS conditions. The performance metrics evaluated include transmission efficiency, SNR,BER, and throughput. In LOS conditions, the system demonstrates high transmission efficiency, superior SNR, minimal BER, and maximum throughput due to the unobstructed signal path. In contrast, NLOS conditions result in decreased transmission efficiency, lower SNR, increased BER, and reduced throughput due to signal attenuation and multipath effects. These findings highlight the significant impact of environmental conditions on UWB-OFDM system performance and underscore the importance of optimizing such systems for reliable communication in varied deployment scenarios.
采用正交频分复用(OFDM)调制的超宽带(UWB)通信系统以其高数据传输速率、低功耗以及在多径环境中的稳健性能而著称。然而,在不同的传播条件下,特别是在视距(LOS)和非视距(NLOS)情况下,这些系统面临着巨大的挑战。在 LOS 条件下,信号在没有障碍物的情况下直接从发射器到达接收器,通常会产生最佳性能,其特点是传输效率高、信噪比(SNR)强、误码率(BER)低和吞吐量最大。相反,NLOS 条件下的障碍物和反射会导致多径传播和信号衰减。这会导致传输效率降低、信噪比降低、误码率升高和吞吐量减少。本研究探讨了在 LOS 和 NLOS 条件下使用 OFDM 调制的 UWB 通信系统的性能。评估的性能指标包括传输效率、信噪比、误码率和吞吐量。在 LOS 条件下,由于信号路径畅通无阻,系统显示出较高的传输效率、出色的信噪比、最小的误码率和最大的吞吐量。相反,在非 LOS 条件下,由于信号衰减和多径效应,传输效率下降,信噪比降低,误码率增加,吞吐量减少。这些发现凸显了环境条件对 UWB-OFDM 系统性能的重大影响,并强调了在不同部署场景下优化此类系统以实现可靠通信的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Design of an Iterative Method for MapReduce Scheduling Using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Anomaly Detection 利用深度强化学习和异常检测设计 MapReduce 调度的迭代方法
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.52783/cana.v31.953
Mr. Aihtesham Kazi, Dr. Dinesh Chaudhari
Due to high complexities within distributed computing environments, there's a critical need for advanced scheduling frameworks that are capable of optimizing MapReduce systems. Current approaches have static policies that limit their capability to adapt to changing system dynamics and workload variations for different cloud scenarios. To overcome these issues, this study introduces a robust MapReduce framework empowered by intelligent scheduling algorithms, tailored to enhance system efficiency and resilience levels. The framework introduces three novel scheduling models: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Job Scheduling (DRDJS), Anomaly Detection-driven Adaptive Scheduling (ADAS), and Cluster-based Job Categorization and Scheduling (CJCS). DRDJS utilizes deep reinforcement learning to dynamically generate optimal scheduling policies based on multiple metrics that include historical job data, system metrics, and workload characteristics. This adaptive approach leads to significant reductions in job completion times, outperforming static scheduling methods by up to 30%. Next, ADAS leverages anomaly detection to prioritize critical tasks and efficiently allocate resources in response to anomalies, resulting in a notable improve scheduling speed by up to 40%. Finally, CJCS employs clustering algorithms to categorize jobs based on their resource requirements and execution profiles, enabling more accurate resource allocation and reducing average job completion times by up to 25%. By integrating these methods into a unified scheduling framework, the proposed solution addresses the variability in job characteristics and system performance, thereby enhancing the overall throughput and stability of MapReduce operations. 
由于分布式计算环境的高度复杂性,亟需能够优化 MapReduce 系统的高级调度框架。目前的方法采用静态策略,这限制了它们适应不断变化的系统动态和不同云场景工作负载变化的能力。为了克服这些问题,本研究引入了一个强大的 MapReduce 框架,该框架采用智能调度算法,专为提高系统效率和弹性水平而量身定制。该框架引入了三种新型调度模型:动态作业调度的深度强化学习(DRDJS)、异常检测驱动的自适应调度(ADAS)和基于集群的作业分类和调度(CJCS)。DRDJS 利用深度强化学习,根据包括历史作业数据、系统指标和工作负载特征在内的多个指标动态生成最佳调度策略。这种自适应方法显著缩短了作业完成时间,比静态调度方法的性能高出 30%。接下来,ADAS 利用异常检测来确定关键任务的优先级,并针对异常情况有效分配资源,从而将调度速度显著提高了 40%。最后,CJCS 采用聚类算法,根据作业的资源需求和执行情况对作业进行分类,从而实现更准确的资源分配,并将平均作业完成时间最多缩短 25%。通过将这些方法集成到一个统一的调度框架中,所提出的解决方案解决了作业特性和系统性能的可变性问题,从而提高了 MapReduce 操作的整体吞吐量和稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
An Object Based Decision Support Protocol for Multi- Constraint Agile Digital Forensics Investigation 基于对象的多约束敏捷数字取证调查决策支持协议
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.52783/cana.v31.854
T. M. Bhraguram, Dr. P.S Rajakumar, Dr. N. Kanya
The recent scenarios expressing live digital forensics and its applications in security domain with multiple constraint-based analysis. Many digital forensic tools available in the market helps to make a good analysis of various digital forensic situations but the awareness of the situation-based decision making is still an unsolvable issue in many critical forensic cases. As the digital forensic domain increases its scope to various business and computer related industries, leading market investors and the employees are much aware about the digital crimes and its prevention. Here in this article, we proposed a new protocol which can help the decision making of sensitive digital forensic cases by the involvement of various constraint-based evaluation. A multi constraint operational system proposed here for live digital forensic and the decision support system takes an object parameter while the decision-making procedure is implemented. Thus, the protocol introduced here may carry a set of rules where the object formation and decision support constraints bind together and it may reply on the digital forensic tool integration. The characteristics of this protocol is mainly distributed for situation awareness criterion evaluation and modelled to limit the amount of data retrieval and its acquisition. categorical acquisition of digital evidences through time, duration, devices involved, wings of affect, cause of the target, hacker/attacker/affected user, kind of attack are the constraints to be solved through this prototype. The focus of this prototype is for dynamic digital forensics instead classic forensics conducted on switched off devices. This protocol supports the standard organizational formats to follow the forensic procedures in which a detailed recommendations and documentation from various organizations. The standardized formats of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), International Standards Organization (ISO), Global Professional Information Community (AIIM) and American Society for Testing and Materials (now ASTM International) into considered while developing this protocol.
最近的应用场景表达了实时数字取证及其在安全领域的应用,以及基于多种约束条件的分析。市场上的许多数字取证工具有助于对各种数字取证情况进行良好的分析,但在许多关键的取证案例中,基于情况的决策意识仍然是一个无法解决的问题。随着数字取证领域在各种商业和计算机相关行业的应用范围不断扩大,市场上的主要投资者和员工对数字犯罪及其预防有了更高的认识。在这篇文章中,我们提出了一种新的协议,通过各种基于约束的评估,可以帮助敏感数字取证案件的决策制定。本文针对实时数字取证提出了一个多约束运行系统,决策支持系统在执行决策程序时需要一个对象参数。因此,这里介绍的协议可以携带一套规则,将对象形成和决策支持约束绑定在一起,并可对数字取证工具集成进行回复。通过时间、持续时间、涉及设备、影响范围、目标原因、黑客/攻击者/受影响用户、攻击类型等分类获取数字证据,是本原型要解决的制约因素。本原型的重点是动态数字取证,而不是在关闭设备上进行传统取证。本协议支持标准组织格式,以遵循各组织的详细建议和文件中的取证程序。在制定本协议时,考虑了国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)、国际标准化组织(ISO)、全球专业信息社区(AIIM)和美国材料与试验协会(现为 ASTM International)的标准化格式。
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引用次数: 0
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Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis
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