Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2021.1943290
Suren Moodliar
With the sesquicentennial anniversary of the Paris Commune (18 March–28 May 2021) Socialism and Democracy, having previously addressed the topic on several occasions, reproduces two reflections on the Commune from organizers within active social movements. Howie Hawkins, long time Green Party organizer and its most recent US presidential candidate, revisits the Commune’s influence on Green conceptions of grass-roots democracy before examining its echo in the besieged Rojava (North and East Syria). Not oblivious to the geostrategic challenges that Rojava creates for the global antiimperialist left, Hawkins focuses on the internal practices of the movement. Following Murray Bookchin, Hawkins implores activists to democratize the grass roots and rebuild movements with a municipal focus. He notes that longstanding obstacles to democracy prevalent at the state and federal levels of governance are formidable but not as effective at the local level. As such, Hawkins argues that – more than principle – grass-roots democracy is themost practical politics available to Greens under present political conditions. If Hawkins is animated by the political–strategic impasse facing the Greens as a third party in a hostile political context, Gustave Massiah is similarly inspired to understand the Commune’s lessons for the Alterglobalization movement, itself confronting early promise but an uncertain trajectory, one reflected in World Social Forum process. Turning to its social content, Massiah draws connections between, on the one hand the Commune’s working-class character and cross-class alliances and, on the other hand, the complex bloc of actors constituting the Alterglobalization movement. While prominent and central, the latter-day working class finds its concerns, expressions, networks and concrete challenges overlapping, articulated, woven in and resonating with broader civilizational questions including the
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2021.1893572
K. Williams
The murder of George Floyd and the unrest that followed have thrown the entirety of our justice system into question. But the critique of the police, the courts, and the penitentiary is not new, an...
{"title":"Classic Writings in Anarchist Criminology: A Historical Dismantling of Punishment and Domination; Beyond Survival: Strategies and Stories from the Transformative Justice Movement","authors":"K. Williams","doi":"10.1080/08854300.2021.1893572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2021.1893572","url":null,"abstract":"The murder of George Floyd and the unrest that followed have thrown the entirety of our justice system into question. But the critique of the police, the courts, and the penitentiary is not new, an...","PeriodicalId":40061,"journal":{"name":"Socialism and Democracy","volume":"11 1","pages":"214 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86260380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2021.1949778
L. Mestres
President Obama fears a loss of democracy in the US. Joe Biden and Kamala Harris echo similar warnings. Bernie Sanders calls us to unite against rising authoritarianism in a popular front. Cornel West speaks of the danger of fascism looming over the country. We hear similar concerns from Europe and Latin America. Liberal democracies are in crisis around the world. Why is this happening and what can we do about it?
{"title":"The Rise of Right-Wing Populism, Authoritarianism & Fascism","authors":"L. Mestres","doi":"10.1080/08854300.2021.1949778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2021.1949778","url":null,"abstract":"President Obama fears a loss of democracy in the US. Joe Biden and Kamala Harris echo similar warnings. Bernie Sanders calls us to unite against rising authoritarianism in a popular front. Cornel West speaks of the danger of fascism looming over the country. We hear similar concerns from Europe and Latin America. Liberal democracies are in crisis around the world. Why is this happening and what can we do about it?","PeriodicalId":40061,"journal":{"name":"Socialism and Democracy","volume":"1 1","pages":"142 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83358475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2021.1907160
Thomas Powell
The capture and internment of prisoners of war (POWs) became the most complex issue of the entire Korean War. This was due to the efforts of both the US and China to use the POWs as pawns in a gran...
俘虏和关押战俘成为整个朝鲜战争中最复杂的问题。这是由于美国和中国在一场战争中都把战俘当作棋子……
{"title":"Road to Empire: POWs and Total War in Korea","authors":"Thomas Powell","doi":"10.1080/08854300.2021.1907160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2021.1907160","url":null,"abstract":"The capture and internment of prisoners of war (POWs) became the most complex issue of the entire Korean War. This was due to the efforts of both the US and China to use the POWs as pawns in a gran...","PeriodicalId":40061,"journal":{"name":"Socialism and Democracy","volume":"23 1","pages":"1 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88331918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2021.1908807
Clint Jones
The role of Marx today is an open-ended question because many theorists have begun to treat capitalism as if it is dying or already dead. McKenzie Wark, for instance, posits that capitalism is inde...
{"title":"The Marx Revival: Key Concepts and New Interpretations","authors":"Clint Jones","doi":"10.1080/08854300.2021.1908807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2021.1908807","url":null,"abstract":"The role of Marx today is an open-ended question because many theorists have begun to treat capitalism as if it is dying or already dead. McKenzie Wark, for instance, posits that capitalism is inde...","PeriodicalId":40061,"journal":{"name":"Socialism and Democracy","volume":"19 1","pages":"205 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73979106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2021.1945370
There is no revolution without crisis. But crisis does not necessarily lead to revolution. Over the last months, diverse movements, rallying under the banner #BlackLivesMatter, outraged by repression and exhausted by forced isolation, have stood up to militarized cops in every U.S. state, knowing that doing so risks horrific outcomes – losing an eye to a rubber bullet or gas canister, contracting the coronavirus, even death. And yet these protests have spread globally, with massive demonstrations in dozens of cities over five continents. This is a time for guarded optimism and bold mobilization. Caught in the moment of rebellion but constrained by a deadly pandemic as well as by the limits of present Left political capacities, we ask, How should socialists respond to these re-emerging social movements? In what spirit should we engage the unfolding debates and contests on the streets and in the voting booths? Four strategic considerations stand out: (1) the need for coordinated mass organization; (2) new opportunities for synthesis around race and class; (3) the exposed weakness of capitalist state institutions and ideology; and (4) the fundamentally international character of the crisis.
{"title":"Challenges Facing the US Left","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/08854300.2021.1945370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2021.1945370","url":null,"abstract":"There is no revolution without crisis. But crisis does not necessarily lead to revolution. Over the last months, diverse movements, rallying under the banner #BlackLivesMatter, outraged by repression and exhausted by forced isolation, have stood up to militarized cops in every U.S. state, knowing that doing so risks horrific outcomes – losing an eye to a rubber bullet or gas canister, contracting the coronavirus, even death. And yet these protests have spread globally, with massive demonstrations in dozens of cities over five continents. This is a time for guarded optimism and bold mobilization. Caught in the moment of rebellion but constrained by a deadly pandemic as well as by the limits of present Left political capacities, we ask, How should socialists respond to these re-emerging social movements? In what spirit should we engage the unfolding debates and contests on the streets and in the voting booths? Four strategic considerations stand out: (1) the need for coordinated mass organization; (2) new opportunities for synthesis around race and class; (3) the exposed weakness of capitalist state institutions and ideology; and (4) the fundamentally international character of the crisis.","PeriodicalId":40061,"journal":{"name":"Socialism and Democracy","volume":"64 1","pages":"166 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89408597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2021.1953429
M. Schultz
While correctly described by its publisher as a basic introduction to Marxist literary criticism, Barbara Foley’s book is also a fresh renovation of its subject both for those familiar with the literature and those committed to socialist politics. Marxist Literary Criticism Today, unlike some previous introductions, does not take the occasion to covertly revise the tradition according to the point of view or sect of the author by setting down slanted foundational assumptions. Instead, Foley’s stated aim is to use the collectively produced, widely accepted “building blocks [that] have been supplied by earlier practitioners in the Marxist tradition.” This is an unapologetic (and, admittedly, “polemical”) “return to orthodoxy” (xvii–xviii). However, the goal of the book is in the present as we look toward the classless future. The author intends to demonstrate the current relevance of Marxism as a lens that defines the horizon of our possible advances, a total worldview, not just another literary theory (88). The title’s “Today” accurately reflects this emphasis on the contemporary. Foley’s most compelling arguments for the applicability of Marxism to contemporary critical tasks are enriched by the evidence, throughout, of decades spent putting the theoretical tools of historical materialism into practice as a teacher of college literature. For example, an intermittent series of inset boxes responds substantially to frequently asked questions, objections, or alternative explanations heard in the classroom. These give the text the
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2021.1936875
R. Paul
In the recent parliamentary elections (2021), the Scottish National Party (SNP) won by far the largest number of seats (64), with the Scottish Labour Party, once the dominant political force in Scotland, reduced to 22. In Ireland, the pro-independence republican Sinn Fein, the second biggest party in the country, is calling for a vote on Ulster’s split from the United Kingdom and reunification with Southern Ireland. Independence is in the air and there is now a real prospect of the break-up of imperial Britain. At the same time, the Left in Scotland is still divided over the issue of independence. The clash of opinion in Scotland is certainly understandable given the deep-seated scepticism about the radical credentials of the SNP who have previously promoted neoliberal policies, not least with regard to Scotland’s rich North Sea oil and gas reserves. The ongoing crisis in relation to Brexit and the COVID pandemic has also deepened this process of political, social and economic fragmentation. I want therefore to situate this debate about national self-determination in the context of some classic Marxist interventions on the question. The discussion will also be linked to the figure of Hugh MacDiarmid (1892–1978), Scotland’s most controversial modernist poet, whose combination of communist and nationalist engagement will hopefully help throw a clearer literary and political light on the troubled relationship between Scotland and England. While European Marxism has been generally sensitive to the rights of small nations, it still seems necessary to clarify some of the important ideological distinctions between bourgeois and working-class national liberation. Taken together, these different threads provide a sustained argument about the need to support Scottish independence, much in the same way as the cause of Irish independence has been part of the left political agenda in Britain and elsewhere since the time of Marx.
在最近的议会选举(2021年)中，苏格兰民族党(SNP)赢得了迄今为止最多的席位(64个)，而曾经在苏格兰占主导地位的政治力量苏格兰工党(Scottish Labour Party)则减少到22个席位。在爱尔兰，支持独立的共和党新芬党(Sinn Fein)呼吁就阿尔斯特脱离英国、与南爱尔兰统一进行投票。新芬党是爱尔兰第二大政党。空气中弥漫着独立的气息，大英帝国解体的可能性现在真的存在。与此同时，苏格兰左翼在独立问题上仍存在分歧。苏格兰的意见冲突当然是可以理解的，因为人们对苏格兰民族党激进的资历有着根深蒂固的怀疑，苏格兰民族党此前曾推动新自由主义政策，尤其是在苏格兰丰富的北海石油和天然气储备方面。与英国脱欧和新冠疫情有关的持续危机也加深了这一政治、社会和经济分裂的进程。因此，我想把这场关于民族自决的辩论放在一些经典的马克思主义对这个问题的干预的背景下。讨论还将与休·麦克迪亚米德(Hugh MacDiarmid, 1892-1978)这个人物联系在一起，他是苏格兰最具争议的现代主义诗人，他将共产主义和民族主义结合在一起，有望为苏格兰和英格兰之间陷入困境的关系提供更清晰的文学和政治视角。虽然欧洲马克思主义对小国的权利普遍敏感，但似乎仍有必要澄清资产阶级和工人阶级民族解放之间的一些重要意识形态区别。综上所述，这些不同的线索为支持苏格兰独立的必要性提供了一个持续的论据，就像自马克思时代以来，爱尔兰独立事业一直是英国和其他地方左翼政治议程的一部分一样。
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2021.1890528
Jerry Harris
In both Europe and the US politicians are generating fear over China’s economic success. In the US, it is common for Republicans and Democrats to compete over who takes the toughest stand against China. But now there is a constant uproar over trade, technology, investments, and military issues, enough to disrupt aspects of globalization. Chinese investments in the US and Europe have run into roadblocks. Trade issues have upset the free flow of commodities and supplies. Attacks against Huawei are slowing down the expansion of 5G technology. And China’s grand strategy for expanding global infrastructure is viewed with suspicion and draws accusations of colonialism. But underneath all the rhetoric and attacks, the transnational capitalist class (TCC) keeps investing across borders and into China. Behind the policy shifts is a crisis of legitimacy for global capitalism. The social divisions resulting from decades of neoliberal globalization have exploded into view. Deeply shaken by the 2008 economic crisis and facing deep social problems from COVID-19, Western capitalism needs an enemy other than itself. China, the convenient “Other,” offers the best target. For the majority of the TCC. the preferred path forward is negotiations through transnational institutions, without disruption to cross-border flows of capital and goods. On the other hand, political elites tasked with maintaining legitimacy with an angry population have pursued nationalism as a politically convenient strategy. The resulting contradictions are causing substantial instability for global capitalism. Schooled in Marxism, the political framework of the Chinese leadership leads it to expect the US state to implement policies of the
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2021.1920780
Kevin Sapere
{"title":"Can the Working Class Change the World?","authors":"Kevin Sapere","doi":"10.1080/08854300.2021.1920780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2021.1920780","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40061,"journal":{"name":"Socialism and Democracy","volume":"34 1","pages":"211 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83668414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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