G. Conti, P. Watson, Nic Shape, R. Amicis, F. Prandi
The growing success of 3D spinning globes, navigation systems, and Location-Based Services (LBS) is promoting a profound paradigm shift, as people are becoming increasingly accustomed to accessing heterogeneous digital content in relation to real world locations --- be this place referred to within a tweet, the location of an incident as described by a news report, the various places where a video was filmed etc. In response to this, an increasing number of Web 2.0 mash-ups are available from the web offering specialized web-based solutions to access various types of information based on the position of events in the real world. Nevertheless, the lack of native spatial support at the web level precludes geographical or location-based contextualization of most digital resources available through the Internet. This paradigm shift has created the pre-conditions -at societal level- for spatio-temporal enablement of the Internet which should evolve from a paradigm based on the "Internet of Objects" to a new, spatio-temporally capable, "Internet of Places", made of natively spatio-temporally contextualized web-services. This paper presents a vision for the next generation of intelligent web-based applications capable of delivering context-aware and real-time access to large-data repositories, by providing overarching technology to organize, filter and explore Web content from every domain using the same intuitive user-driven and spatio-temporal metaphor. This paper tries to define a blueprint proposing protocols and data structures that could be used to reorient the web to change the key dimension for accessing and organizing resources, from the structure of Internet addresses to a more natural structure of space and time. According to this approach it would not matter where a resource is physically stored, but only whether it is relevant to a given user's task with respect to place and time. This is what we have called the "Internet of Places".
{"title":"Enabling the \"Internet of Places\": a virtual structure of space-time-tasks to find and use internet resources","authors":"G. Conti, P. Watson, Nic Shape, R. Amicis, F. Prandi","doi":"10.1145/1999320.1999329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999329","url":null,"abstract":"The growing success of 3D spinning globes, navigation systems, and Location-Based Services (LBS) is promoting a profound paradigm shift, as people are becoming increasingly accustomed to accessing heterogeneous digital content in relation to real world locations --- be this place referred to within a tweet, the location of an incident as described by a news report, the various places where a video was filmed etc.\u0000 In response to this, an increasing number of Web 2.0 mash-ups are available from the web offering specialized web-based solutions to access various types of information based on the position of events in the real world. Nevertheless, the lack of native spatial support at the web level precludes geographical or location-based contextualization of most digital resources available through the Internet.\u0000 This paradigm shift has created the pre-conditions -at societal level- for spatio-temporal enablement of the Internet which should evolve from a paradigm based on the \"Internet of Objects\" to a new, spatio-temporally capable, \"Internet of Places\", made of natively spatio-temporally contextualized web-services. This paper presents a vision for the next generation of intelligent web-based applications capable of delivering context-aware and real-time access to large-data repositories, by providing overarching technology to organize, filter and explore Web content from every domain using the same intuitive user-driven and spatio-temporal metaphor.\u0000 This paper tries to define a blueprint proposing protocols and data structures that could be used to reorient the web to change the key dimension for accessing and organizing resources, from the structure of Internet addresses to a more natural structure of space and time. According to this approach it would not matter where a resource is physically stored, but only whether it is relevant to a given user's task with respect to place and time.\u0000 This is what we have called the \"Internet of Places\".","PeriodicalId":400763,"journal":{"name":"International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research & Application","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124011826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the NASA Global Climate Change Education (GCCE) project is to provide educators at the elementary, secondary, and undergraduate levels the tools and resources to access NASA climate information and related Earth system information, in order to engage students in critical thinking about global climate change and the potential impacts on human health across the planet. This project incorporates NASA climate change information and other Earth system information related to human health into NASA World Wind, an open source 3-D visualization tool. World Wind uses OGC-compliant Web Coverage Services (WCS) and Web Map Services (WMS) that allow zooming in from satellite altitude to any location on the Earth's surface. Student lessons will use climate data made available through the enhanced NASA World Wind interface to explore potential impacts on human health in areas of food security, water security, and infectious disease. Two existing Web-based resources, the Climate Mapper tool from IAGT and the Population Estimation Service from SEDAC, will be merged and made available through a customized NASA World Wind interface that will launch from the Web. This merger of two NASA-supported tools will allow the technical component and parametric statistics to be applied to additional climate- and human health-related data sets from CIESIN, such as world population grids, malnutrition levels related to changes in temperature and precipitation that would impact staple food production, population displacement related to rising sea levels, and spatial epidemiology of vector-borne diseases and population access to a public health infrastructure.
{"title":"Global climate change and human health impacts: investigation and analysis in the classroom using innovative technologies","authors":"Sneha Rao, Mark Becker, A. Work","doi":"10.1145/1999320.1999362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999362","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the NASA Global Climate Change Education (GCCE) project is to provide educators at the elementary, secondary, and undergraduate levels the tools and resources to access NASA climate information and related Earth system information, in order to engage students in critical thinking about global climate change and the potential impacts on human health across the planet.\u0000 This project incorporates NASA climate change information and other Earth system information related to human health into NASA World Wind, an open source 3-D visualization tool. World Wind uses OGC-compliant Web Coverage Services (WCS) and Web Map Services (WMS) that allow zooming in from satellite altitude to any location on the Earth's surface. Student lessons will use climate data made available through the enhanced NASA World Wind interface to explore potential impacts on human health in areas of food security, water security, and infectious disease.\u0000 Two existing Web-based resources, the Climate Mapper tool from IAGT and the Population Estimation Service from SEDAC, will be merged and made available through a customized NASA World Wind interface that will launch from the Web. This merger of two NASA-supported tools will allow the technical component and parametric statistics to be applied to additional climate- and human health-related data sets from CIESIN, such as world population grids, malnutrition levels related to changes in temperature and precipitation that would impact staple food production, population displacement related to rising sea levels, and spatial epidemiology of vector-borne diseases and population access to a public health infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":400763,"journal":{"name":"International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research & Application","volume":"21 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129345400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Renner, Matt Moran, Zohra Hemani, P. Doody, Ellins Thomas, Harold Scott Pio
Smart phones have been used informally in several large disaster responses in recent history. The Situation and Incident Reporting System (SIReS) is an experimental system designed to build formal GIS tools for collecting and reporting disaster response information in real-time. SIReS quickly clarifies the ground situation utilizing smart phone technology and database tools allowing for rapid situational awareness and response from the scene of the disaster. SIReS allows real-time reporting from on-site personnel to automatically populate command center databases with information. This information is shared with other on-site personnel and displayed/analyzed at the command center using software tools for information analysis. The SIReS mobile apps provide an inexpensive way to provide a large scale disaster response system across a large variety of organizations and personnel.
{"title":"Situation and incident reporting system (SIReS)","authors":"R. Renner, Matt Moran, Zohra Hemani, P. Doody, Ellins Thomas, Harold Scott Pio","doi":"10.1145/1999320.1999364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999364","url":null,"abstract":"Smart phones have been used informally in several large disaster responses in recent history. The Situation and Incident Reporting System (SIReS) is an experimental system designed to build formal GIS tools for collecting and reporting disaster response information in real-time. SIReS quickly clarifies the ground situation utilizing smart phone technology and database tools allowing for rapid situational awareness and response from the scene of the disaster. SIReS allows real-time reporting from on-site personnel to automatically populate command center databases with information. This information is shared with other on-site personnel and displayed/analyzed at the command center using software tools for information analysis. The SIReS mobile apps provide an inexpensive way to provide a large scale disaster response system across a large variety of organizations and personnel.","PeriodicalId":400763,"journal":{"name":"International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research & Application","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116229815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hazus-MH is FEMA's powerful regional loss estimation methodology and software application that enables users to quantify losses from earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods. In Hazus, current scientific and engineering knowledge is coupled with the latest GIS technology to produce estimates of potential loss of life and property (i.e. critical facilities, economic loss, and displaced households). Hazus has evolved from a "community-centric" tool that has been used for state and local risk assessments and mitigation planning to a geospatial tool that has been widely integrated into the mainstream of federal geospatial planning and consequence assessments. Hazus program manager, Mr. Berman will discuss the recent advances made in Hazus technology, including the development of the Comprehensive Data Management System (CDMS) geospatial web portal to support integration of mapping statewide data. Mr. Berman will also discuss how Hazus has been utilized by other federal agencies, including the U.S. Geological Survey, in an ongoing effort to develop a robust, scientifically-based model with inventories that are mission critical to federal and state users. Hazus is also major component of the DHS Geospatial Concept of Operations (GeoCONOPS), a multi-year initiative to promote the application of geospatial technologies to support federal response and recovery under the National Response Framework.
{"title":"Hazus risk assessment software has integrated into federal geospatial planning","authors":"E. Berman","doi":"10.1145/1999320.1999376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999376","url":null,"abstract":"Hazus-MH is FEMA's powerful regional loss estimation methodology and software application that enables users to quantify losses from earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods. In Hazus, current scientific and engineering knowledge is coupled with the latest GIS technology to produce estimates of potential loss of life and property (i.e. critical facilities, economic loss, and displaced households).\u0000 Hazus has evolved from a \"community-centric\" tool that has been used for state and local risk assessments and mitigation planning to a geospatial tool that has been widely integrated into the mainstream of federal geospatial planning and consequence assessments.\u0000 Hazus program manager, Mr. Berman will discuss the recent advances made in Hazus technology, including the development of the Comprehensive Data Management System (CDMS) geospatial web portal to support integration of mapping statewide data.\u0000 Mr. Berman will also discuss how Hazus has been utilized by other federal agencies, including the U.S. Geological Survey, in an ongoing effort to develop a robust, scientifically-based model with inventories that are mission critical to federal and state users. Hazus is also major component of the DHS Geospatial Concept of Operations (GeoCONOPS), a multi-year initiative to promote the application of geospatial technologies to support federal response and recovery under the National Response Framework.","PeriodicalId":400763,"journal":{"name":"International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research & Application","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128188336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Egypt has one of the oldest civilizations of the world. Its history is rich with events and its land still hides a lot of mystery. With the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the east, Egypt enjoys a strategic location on the map of the world. Many of the monuments and temples constructed thousands of years ago still stand, and are continuously maintained to preserve them in good shape. A survey of existing artifacts and archeological sites of ancient Egypt reveals an impressive inventory of Pharaonic, Greek, Roman, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic heritage and cultures. Egypt has also a remarkable array of modern wonders including the largest earth dam in the world, the Suez Canal that links the Mediterranean and Red Seas, subways, roads, bridges, tunnels, and huge energy generation, water storage, massive irrigation, and giant land reclamation projects. Faced with an explosive population increase, the effort of upgrading existing infrastructure and constructing new additions for the many new cities presently under construction is unparallel. Furthermore, for its beautiful nature, mild weather, endless beaches, and rich history, Egypt is a major tourist attraction. A three weeks miniterm has been developed to introduce students to many of the major features of ancient and modern Egyptian civilization. Visits to many ancient and modern places including temples and monuments all over Egypt introduced the students to places of historical significance. Using a GPS-enabled camera made it possible to link visited locations with points on the map of the world. This approach added to students' excitement as it was noticed that students developed greater sense of appreciation of the visited places, as they become part of a photo taken at a given place. Such a map-linked photo personalizes students' relationship with the visited location. The major goal of the miniterm was to help the students appreciate history/culture, as well as engineering/architecture of various noteworthy monuments. Students' interest in, and enthusiasm for this type of study were remarkable.
{"title":"GPS-tagged images define the trail of an interdisciplinary miniterm in Egypt","authors":"A. Ghaly","doi":"10.1145/1999320.1999371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999371","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt has one of the oldest civilizations of the world. Its history is rich with events and its land still hides a lot of mystery. With the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the east, Egypt enjoys a strategic location on the map of the world. Many of the monuments and temples constructed thousands of years ago still stand, and are continuously maintained to preserve them in good shape. A survey of existing artifacts and archeological sites of ancient Egypt reveals an impressive inventory of Pharaonic, Greek, Roman, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic heritage and cultures. Egypt has also a remarkable array of modern wonders including the largest earth dam in the world, the Suez Canal that links the Mediterranean and Red Seas, subways, roads, bridges, tunnels, and huge energy generation, water storage, massive irrigation, and giant land reclamation projects. Faced with an explosive population increase, the effort of upgrading existing infrastructure and constructing new additions for the many new cities presently under construction is unparallel. Furthermore, for its beautiful nature, mild weather, endless beaches, and rich history, Egypt is a major tourist attraction.\u0000 A three weeks miniterm has been developed to introduce students to many of the major features of ancient and modern Egyptian civilization. Visits to many ancient and modern places including temples and monuments all over Egypt introduced the students to places of historical significance. Using a GPS-enabled camera made it possible to link visited locations with points on the map of the world. This approach added to students' excitement as it was noticed that students developed greater sense of appreciation of the visited places, as they become part of a photo taken at a given place. Such a map-linked photo personalizes students' relationship with the visited location. The major goal of the miniterm was to help the students appreciate history/culture, as well as engineering/architecture of various noteworthy monuments. Students' interest in, and enthusiasm for this type of study were remarkable.","PeriodicalId":400763,"journal":{"name":"International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research & Application","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125785766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using digital design models has been a common practice in the manufacturing industry for decades. Project teams at companies such as Boeing and Toyota have placed digital models at the core of their collaborative, concurrent engineering processes. The same approach, called building information modeling (BIM), is increasingly being adopted by architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) service providers for building and infrastructure projects. Unlike CAD, which uses software tools to generate digital 2D and/or 3D drawings, BIM facilitates a new way of working: creating designs with intelligent objects that enables cross-functional project teams in the building and infrastructure industries to collaborate in a way that gives all stakeholders a clearer vision of the project. Models created using software for BIM are intelligent because of the relationships and information that are automatically built into the model. Components within the model know how to act and interact with one another. BIM not only enables engineers architects and construction firms to work more efficiently, but creates a foundation for sustainable design, enabling designers to optimize the environmental footprint of a structure during the design phase. Convergence is breaking down the barriers between technical disciplines. The integration of BIM, geospatial, physical modeling and 3D visualization provides a framework of interoperability that enables an intelligent synthetic model of entire urban environments.
{"title":"Building information modeling","authors":"Geoff Zeiss","doi":"10.1145/1999320.1999394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999394","url":null,"abstract":"Using digital design models has been a common practice in the manufacturing industry for decades. Project teams at companies such as Boeing and Toyota have placed digital models at the core of their collaborative, concurrent engineering processes. The same approach, called building information modeling (BIM), is increasingly being adopted by architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) service providers for building and infrastructure projects. Unlike CAD, which uses software tools to generate digital 2D and/or 3D drawings, BIM facilitates a new way of working: creating designs with intelligent objects that enables cross-functional project teams in the building and infrastructure industries to collaborate in a way that gives all stakeholders a clearer vision of the project. Models created using software for BIM are intelligent because of the relationships and information that are automatically built into the model. Components within the model know how to act and interact with one another. BIM not only enables engineers architects and construction firms to work more efficiently, but creates a foundation for sustainable design, enabling designers to optimize the environmental footprint of a structure during the design phase. Convergence is breaking down the barriers between technical disciplines. The integration of BIM, geospatial, physical modeling and 3D visualization provides a framework of interoperability that enables an intelligent synthetic model of entire urban environments.","PeriodicalId":400763,"journal":{"name":"International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research & Application","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131283849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hurricane Katrina showed Americans and the world that disasters can happen wherever there are people and clearly illustrated that being poor, old (or young), a minority, or a female puts one at greater risk to suffer negative short- and long-term impacts, with people with more than one of these characteristics having even an higher risk (Laska and Morrow 2006). In other words, belonging to these groups makes one more vulnerable. Hurricane Katrina also illustrated how actionable information on the degree of vulnerability must be balanced with the numbers of people affected. In other words, in order to maximize the effectiveness of public resources, it may sometimes be necessary to focus on more densely populated areas with lower rates of social vulnerability because, due to the sheer number of people, there are actually more vulnerable people located in these areas than in areas with high rates of vulnerability and lower population densities. This research mathematically weights vulnerability data with 90 meter residential gridded population data from LandScan USA (Bhaduri et al. 2007) to create a dataset that provides more actionable information to local authorities who need to balance rates of need with the number of individuals affected to ensure an efficient use of limited resources. The methods explored by this research successfully integrate vulnerability data with high resolution gridded population data. Based on the analyses it can be stated that the resulting population-weighted vulnerability data is significantly different from the unweighted vulnerability data and selectively different from the population data depending upon population density. More importantly, the method explored by this research allows for the combination of vulnerability and population density (two factors that are often examined separately) to create a surface with very high spatial resolution (90m) that shows where the greatest need is based both upon the levels of vulnerability and the number of people who are affected.
卡特里娜飓风向美国人和世界表明，灾难可能发生在有人的地方，并清楚地表明，穷人，老人(或年轻人)，少数民族或女性使一个人面临更大的风险遭受负面的短期和长期影响，具有以上一种特征的人甚至风险更高(Laska和Morrow 2006)。换句话说，属于这些群体会让一个人更加脆弱。卡特里娜飓风还说明，关于脆弱程度的可采取行动的信息必须与受影响人数相平衡。换句话说，为了最大限度地发挥公共资源的效用，有时可能需要将重点放在人口更密集、社会脆弱性率更低的地区，因为由于人口众多，这些地区实际上比脆弱性率高、人口密度低的地区有更多的弱势群体。本研究将脆弱性数据与LandScan USA (Bhaduri et al. 2007)的90米住宅网格人口数据进行数学加权，以创建一个数据集，为需要平衡需求率和受影响个人数量的地方当局提供更多可操作的信息，以确保有效利用有限的资源。本研究探索的方法成功地将脆弱性数据与高分辨率网格化人口数据相结合。分析结果表明，人口加权脆弱性数据与未加权脆弱性数据存在显著差异，并根据人口密度的不同，与人口数据存在选择性差异。更重要的是，本研究探索的方法允许将脆弱性和人口密度(通常单独检查的两个因素)相结合，以创建一个具有非常高空间分辨率(90米)的表面，该表面显示出基于脆弱性水平和受影响人数的最大需求。
{"title":"Balancing need with numbers: assessing need by downscaling and weighting vulnerability data with population density","authors":"Jean Boos","doi":"10.1145/1999320.1999359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999359","url":null,"abstract":"Hurricane Katrina showed Americans and the world that disasters can happen wherever there are people and clearly illustrated that being poor, old (or young), a minority, or a female puts one at greater risk to suffer negative short- and long-term impacts, with people with more than one of these characteristics having even an higher risk (Laska and Morrow 2006). In other words, belonging to these groups makes one more vulnerable. Hurricane Katrina also illustrated how actionable information on the degree of vulnerability must be balanced with the numbers of people affected. In other words, in order to maximize the effectiveness of public resources, it may sometimes be necessary to focus on more densely populated areas with lower rates of social vulnerability because, due to the sheer number of people, there are actually more vulnerable people located in these areas than in areas with high rates of vulnerability and lower population densities.\u0000 This research mathematically weights vulnerability data with 90 meter residential gridded population data from LandScan USA (Bhaduri et al. 2007) to create a dataset that provides more actionable information to local authorities who need to balance rates of need with the number of individuals affected to ensure an efficient use of limited resources.\u0000 The methods explored by this research successfully integrate vulnerability data with high resolution gridded population data. Based on the analyses it can be stated that the resulting population-weighted vulnerability data is significantly different from the unweighted vulnerability data and selectively different from the population data depending upon population density. More importantly, the method explored by this research allows for the combination of vulnerability and population density (two factors that are often examined separately) to create a surface with very high spatial resolution (90m) that shows where the greatest need is based both upon the levels of vulnerability and the number of people who are affected.","PeriodicalId":400763,"journal":{"name":"International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research & Application","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131686316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virtual globes are a key tool for visualizing large geospatial datasets. This half day course goes under the hood of virtual globes and looks at their implementation techniques from the software developer's perspective. Our focus is not on one particular virtual globe, such as NASA World Wind or Google Earth; instead, we discuss common techniques used by many virtual globes, including coordinate transformations, globe representations, precision, multithreading, and terrain rendering. We also consider the differences between virtual globe 3D engines and game engines. Attendees should have software development experience. A background in computer graphics is useful, but not required.
{"title":"Under the hood of virtual globes","authors":"Patrick Cozzi, K. Ring","doi":"10.1145/1999320.1999403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999403","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual globes are a key tool for visualizing large geospatial datasets. This half day course goes under the hood of virtual globes and looks at their implementation techniques from the software developer's perspective. Our focus is not on one particular virtual globe, such as NASA World Wind or Google Earth; instead, we discuss common techniques used by many virtual globes, including coordinate transformations, globe representations, precision, multithreading, and terrain rendering. We also consider the differences between virtual globe 3D engines and game engines.\u0000 Attendees should have software development experience. A background in computer graphics is useful, but not required.","PeriodicalId":400763,"journal":{"name":"International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research & Application","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128894288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is a grand challenge to automatically extract 3D city site models from imagery. In the past three decades, researchers have used radiometric and spectral properties of 3D buildings and houses to extract them in digital imagery with limited success. This is because their radiometric and spectral properties vary considerably from image to image, from sensor to sensor, and from time to time. The locations and shapes of 3D buildings and houses are invariant and painfully obvious in a terrain-shaded relief image generated from a point cloud. Based on this observation, we have developed AFE (Automatic Feature Extraction) that can automatically extract 3D city site models from a point cloud which is automatically generated from stereo images. Point cloud generation from stereo imagery is a key technology which has been used in the geospatial industry for more than two decades. We have developed NGATE (Next Generation Automatic Terrain Extraction) that matches every pixel across all selected stereo image pairs. For each XY location, an array of Z coordinates are computed from a number of different stereo image pairs using a voxel 3D grid. The voxel 3D grid is statistically filtered for outliers and weighted averaging is used to generate a very dense and accurate point cloud. The AFE algorithms consists of the following components: identify and group 3D building and house points into regions; separate buildings and houses from trees; trace region boundaries; regularize and simplify boundary polygons; construct complex roofs. As shown in the following figures, 1505 buildings and houses have been extracted by AFE, from a point cloud generated by NGATE, using 12 stereo images (GSD 15cm) over downtown Oakland, California, USA. The background image is the terrain shaded-relief image generated from a point cloud. NGATE used all the 66 stereo image pairs and generated a point cloud of 50 million 3D points with a spacing of 30cm.
{"title":"3D city site model extraction through point cloud generated from stereo images","authors":"Bingcai Zhang, William Smith","doi":"10.1145/1999320.1999367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999367","url":null,"abstract":"It is a grand challenge to automatically extract 3D city site models from imagery. In the past three decades, researchers have used radiometric and spectral properties of 3D buildings and houses to extract them in digital imagery with limited success. This is because their radiometric and spectral properties vary considerably from image to image, from sensor to sensor, and from time to time. The locations and shapes of 3D buildings and houses are invariant and painfully obvious in a terrain-shaded relief image generated from a point cloud. Based on this observation, we have developed AFE (Automatic Feature Extraction) that can automatically extract 3D city site models from a point cloud which is automatically generated from stereo images. Point cloud generation from stereo imagery is a key technology which has been used in the geospatial industry for more than two decades. We have developed NGATE (Next Generation Automatic Terrain Extraction) that matches every pixel across all selected stereo image pairs. For each XY location, an array of Z coordinates are computed from a number of different stereo image pairs using a voxel 3D grid. The voxel 3D grid is statistically filtered for outliers and weighted averaging is used to generate a very dense and accurate point cloud. The AFE algorithms consists of the following components: identify and group 3D building and house points into regions; separate buildings and houses from trees; trace region boundaries; regularize and simplify boundary polygons; construct complex roofs.\u0000 As shown in the following figures, 1505 buildings and houses have been extracted by AFE, from a point cloud generated by NGATE, using 12 stereo images (GSD 15cm) over downtown Oakland, California, USA. The background image is the terrain shaded-relief image generated from a point cloud. NGATE used all the 66 stereo image pairs and generated a point cloud of 50 million 3D points with a spacing of 30cm.","PeriodicalId":400763,"journal":{"name":"International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research & Application","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133966884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes an improved modulation transfer function compensation restoration algorithm for remote sensing image based on inverse filtering, a traditional image restoration method. The improved algorithm is accomplished by optimizing the compensating curve shape and the compensating factor. The quality of resultant image is better than before and the quantitative results are satisfying. Moreover, the optimal algorithm is adaptive to various remote sensing images and it overcomes the limited adaptability of former work.
{"title":"An improved MTFC restoration algorithm for remote sensing image","authors":"Yaqiong Chai, Zhongkui Feng, Dongkai Qi","doi":"10.1145/1999320.1999353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999353","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an improved modulation transfer function compensation restoration algorithm for remote sensing image based on inverse filtering, a traditional image restoration method. The improved algorithm is accomplished by optimizing the compensating curve shape and the compensating factor. The quality of resultant image is better than before and the quantitative results are satisfying. Moreover, the optimal algorithm is adaptive to various remote sensing images and it overcomes the limited adaptability of former work.","PeriodicalId":400763,"journal":{"name":"International Conference and Exhibition on Computing for Geospatial Research & Application","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128586783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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