{"title":"Clark, Elizabeth A. (2021). Melania the Younger. From Rome to Jerusalem. Women in Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press","authors":"Blake Leyerle","doi":"10.20318/arys.2022.7072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2022.7072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40187,"journal":{"name":"ARYS-Antiguedad Religiones y Sociedades","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73778632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chrysanthou, Anthi (2020). Defining Orphism. The Beliefs, the “Teletae” and the Writings. Berlin: De Gruyter","authors":"Francesc Casadesús Bordoy","doi":"10.20318/arys.2022.6928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2022.6928","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40187,"journal":{"name":"ARYS-Antiguedad Religiones y Sociedades","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89218732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dillon, Matthew & Matthew, Christopher (eds.) (2020). Religion and Classical Warfare. The Roman Republic. Yorkshire & Philadelphia: Pen & Sword Military","authors":"Alejandro Díaz Fernández","doi":"10.20318/arys.2022.6902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2022.6902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40187,"journal":{"name":"ARYS-Antiguedad Religiones y Sociedades","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84460598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most noticeable features distinguishing Byzantine works on alchemy from the earlier Greco-Egyptian alchemical tradition is the widespread presence of Christian prayers and direct references to specifically Christian ideas and beliefs. By focusing on Stephanus’s Lessons (7th cent.), the first alchemical work including extensive references to Christianity, the paper will explore how alchemy was Christianised in the early Byzantine period. The first part of this study will analyse the strategies adopted by the author of the Lessons to frame alchemy as a Christianised discipline aiming at discovering the divine principle hidden in the natural world. In the second part, the limitations of this process of Christianisation of alchemy will be pointed out by examining if and to what extent specifically Christian ideas were included in Stephanus’ treatment of alchemy and its operations, and if the introduction of a Christianised framework into an alchemical work entailed the exclusion of previous non-Christian alchemical ideas. The results of this twofold analysis will show the complexity and inextricable tensions of the process of Christianisation undergone by the alchemical discipline when it started to be practiced in the socio-cultural context of the Byzantine world.
{"title":"Introducing Greek Alchemy to Christianity","authors":"Vincenzo Carlotta","doi":"10.20318/arys.2022.6796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2022.6796","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most noticeable features distinguishing Byzantine works on alchemy from the earlier Greco-Egyptian alchemical tradition is the widespread presence of Christian prayers and direct references to specifically Christian ideas and beliefs. By focusing on Stephanus’s Lessons (7th cent.), the first alchemical work including extensive references to Christianity, the paper will explore how alchemy was Christianised in the early Byzantine period. The first part of this study will analyse the strategies adopted by the author of the Lessons to frame alchemy as a Christianised discipline aiming at discovering the divine principle hidden in the natural world. In the second part, the limitations of this process of Christianisation of alchemy will be pointed out by examining if and to what extent specifically Christian ideas were included in Stephanus’ treatment of alchemy and its operations, and if the introduction of a Christianised framework into an alchemical work entailed the exclusion of previous non-Christian alchemical ideas. The results of this twofold analysis will show the complexity and inextricable tensions of the process of Christianisation undergone by the alchemical discipline when it started to be practiced in the socio-cultural context of the Byzantine world.","PeriodicalId":40187,"journal":{"name":"ARYS-Antiguedad Religiones y Sociedades","volume":"209 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72440525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plutarch’s theological dialogue De sera numinis vindicta ends with an eschatological myth narrating the afterlife vision of Thespesius (22-33, 563b-568a), centred on the souls’ “purification” from their earthly vices – obtained by means of punishments – and on the process of their reincarnation. This myth includes symbolic images of metallurgic interest. The most elaborate of these corresponds to the description of the chastisement of the “insatiable” and “greedy” souls, which are cyclically immersed into lakes of gold, lead, and iron, enduring painful transformations in each lake (30, 567c-d). This article focuses on the analysis of the implications and literary genesis of this scene, in the frame of the rest of the myth and of the dialogic part of De sera num., of Plutarch’s ethical and scientific ideas, of his culture, and of the tendencies of his metaphorical and analogical prose (as evidenced by his other works). It begins with an introduction to Plutarch’s religious thought and use of Platonic myths, defending the assumption that these should be treated as non-literal “enigmatic” tales and thus interpreted symbolically. A section is then dedicated to the narrative frame of Thespesius’s vision – the story of the moral conversion of an unscrupulously hedonist and greedy man – and to Plutarch’s symbolic presentation of the stains of vice (26, 565b-d), each associated with a colour, focusing on the stain of “miserliness and greed”. After an overview of the other punishments witnessed by Thespesius, mainly to be interpreted as forms of contrapasso and exhibitions of the souls’ hidden, wicked selves, the analysis of Plutarch’s treatment of greed is completed with an extensive discussion of the scene of the metallic lakes. Previous scholarly treatments of the scene are also discussed, with a focus on those which connected it with alchemy. Considering a recently proposed comparison between Plutarch’s scene and some of the images used by the alchemist Zosimus in his allegorical dreams (MA X, XI, XII Mertens), the hypothesis of their affinity is explored with mainly negative results. However, a further hypothesis is suggested without full endorsement: namely, that the symbols used by Plutarch, like those used by Zosimus, were influenced by the aesthetics of Egyptian and/or Jewish religion in the syncretising environment of 1st-cent. CE Alexandria.
普鲁塔克的神学对话De sera numinis vindicta以一个末世论神话结束，讲述了特塞普西乌斯(22-33,563b-568a)对来世的看法，集中在灵魂从尘世的罪恶中“净化”——通过惩罚获得——以及他们转世的过程。这个神话包含了冶金学兴趣的象征性图像。其中最详尽的描述对应于对“贪得无厌”和“贪婪”灵魂的惩罚，这些灵魂被循环地浸入金、铅和铁的湖中，在每个湖中忍受痛苦的转变(30,567 c-d)。本文重点分析了这一场景的含义和文学起源，在神话的其余部分和《我的时代》的对话部分的框架下，普鲁塔克的伦理和科学思想，他的文化，以及他的隐喻和类比散文的倾向(从他的其他作品中可以看出)。它首先介绍了普鲁塔克的宗教思想和柏拉图神话的使用，捍卫了这些应该被视为非字面的“谜”故事的假设，因此被象征性地解释。然后有一节专门讲述了特塞普西乌斯愿景的叙事框架——一个肆无忌惮的享乐主义者和贪婪的人的道德转变的故事——以及普鲁塔克对罪恶污点的象征性呈现(26,565 b-d)，每个污点都与一种颜色有关，重点是“吝啬和贪婪”的污点。在概述了特塞普西修目睹的其他惩罚之后，主要被解释为对位的形式和灵魂隐藏的邪恶自我的展示，普鲁塔克对贪婪的分析以对金属湖场景的广泛讨论结束。以前的学术处理现场也进行了讨论，重点是那些连接它与炼金术。然而，有人提出了一个进一步的假设，但没有得到充分的认可:即普鲁塔克使用的符号，就像佐西莫斯使用的符号一样，受到了埃及和/或犹太宗教美学在一美分的融合环境中的影响。CE亚历山大。
{"title":"Quenching greedy souls in metal lakes","authors":"Daniele Morrone","doi":"10.20318/arys.2022.6856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2022.6856","url":null,"abstract":"Plutarch’s theological dialogue De sera numinis vindicta ends with an eschatological myth narrating the afterlife vision of Thespesius (22-33, 563b-568a), centred on the souls’ “purification” from their earthly vices – obtained by means of punishments – and on the process of their reincarnation. This myth includes symbolic images of metallurgic interest. The most elaborate of these corresponds to the description of the chastisement of the “insatiable” and “greedy” souls, which are cyclically immersed into lakes of gold, lead, and iron, enduring painful transformations in each lake (30, 567c-d). This article focuses on the analysis of the implications and literary genesis of this scene, in the frame of the rest of the myth and of the dialogic part of De sera num., of Plutarch’s ethical and scientific ideas, of his culture, and of the tendencies of his metaphorical and analogical prose (as evidenced by his other works). It begins with an introduction to Plutarch’s religious thought and use of Platonic myths, defending the assumption that these should be treated as non-literal “enigmatic” tales and thus interpreted symbolically. A section is then dedicated to the narrative frame of Thespesius’s vision – the story of the moral conversion of an unscrupulously hedonist and greedy man – and to Plutarch’s symbolic presentation of the stains of vice (26, 565b-d), each associated with a colour, focusing on the stain of “miserliness and greed”. After an overview of the other punishments witnessed by Thespesius, mainly to be interpreted as forms of contrapasso and exhibitions of the souls’ hidden, wicked selves, the analysis of Plutarch’s treatment of greed is completed with an extensive discussion of the scene of the metallic lakes. Previous scholarly treatments of the scene are also discussed, with a focus on those which connected it with alchemy. Considering a recently proposed comparison between Plutarch’s scene and some of the images used by the alchemist Zosimus in his allegorical dreams (MA X, XI, XII Mertens), the hypothesis of their affinity is explored with mainly negative results. However, a further hypothesis is suggested without full endorsement: namely, that the symbols used by Plutarch, like those used by Zosimus, were influenced by the aesthetics of Egyptian and/or Jewish religion in the syncretising environment of 1st-cent. CE Alexandria.","PeriodicalId":40187,"journal":{"name":"ARYS-Antiguedad Religiones y Sociedades","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73027121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gee, Emma (2020). Mapping the Afterlife. From Homer to Dante. Oxford: Oxford University Press","authors":"Mark F. McClay","doi":"10.20318/arys.2022.6904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2022.6904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40187,"journal":{"name":"ARYS-Antiguedad Religiones y Sociedades","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82826270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urciuoli, Emiliano Rubens (2020). La religione urbana. Come la città ha prodotto il cristianesimo. Bologna: EDB","authors":"M. Marcos","doi":"10.20318/arys.2022.6786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2022.6786","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40187,"journal":{"name":"ARYS-Antiguedad Religiones y Sociedades","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88223259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapelain de Seréville-Niel, Cécile; Delaplace, Christine; Jeanne, Damien & Sineux, Pierre † (eds.) (2020). Purifier, soigner ou guérir? Maladies et lieux religieux de la Méditerranée antique à la Normandie médiévale. Presses Universitaires de Rennes","authors":"C. Prêtre","doi":"10.20318/arys.2022.6613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2022.6613","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40187,"journal":{"name":"ARYS-Antiguedad Religiones y Sociedades","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85913701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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