Pub Date : 1997-08-01DOI: 10.1080/15438629709512086
R. Latin, K. Berg, R. Tolle, Lora Tharp, S. Lahmann
The purpose of this study was to ascertain if gender and selected physiologic and anthropometric factors could account for variations in the oxygen cost of cycle ergometry. Forty women and 25 men volunteered as subjects. Subjects performed a three stage cycle ergometry test at power outputs of 0,360, and 540 kgm·min−1 respectively while their oxygen consumption was measured. The subjects also had several anthropometric, body composition, and knee muscle force measures made. Results indicated that most of the variables were significantly related to cycling VO2 (p ≤ .05). Fat‐free mass (FFM) and fat‐free thigh mass (FFTM) correlated the highest and identically with VO2 (r = .80, .67, and .57) at each respective power output listed above. Using stepwise multiple regression only one variable, FFTM, was associated with the equation for each power output. Because FFM correlated identically with VO2, the resulting equations were statistically equivalent in terms of r2 (.64, .45, and .35, respectively) and SEE (7...
{"title":"Body mass, not gender, predicts VO2 in cycle ergometry","authors":"R. Latin, K. Berg, R. Tolle, Lora Tharp, S. Lahmann","doi":"10.1080/15438629709512086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629709512086","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to ascertain if gender and selected physiologic and anthropometric factors could account for variations in the oxygen cost of cycle ergometry. Forty women and 25 men volunteered as subjects. Subjects performed a three stage cycle ergometry test at power outputs of 0,360, and 540 kgm·min−1 respectively while their oxygen consumption was measured. The subjects also had several anthropometric, body composition, and knee muscle force measures made. Results indicated that most of the variables were significantly related to cycling VO2 (p ≤ .05). Fat‐free mass (FFM) and fat‐free thigh mass (FFTM) correlated the highest and identically with VO2 (r = .80, .67, and .57) at each respective power output listed above. Using stepwise multiple regression only one variable, FFTM, was associated with the equation for each power output. Because FFM correlated identically with VO2, the resulting equations were statistically equivalent in terms of r2 (.64, .45, and .35, respectively) and SEE (7...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130433870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-01DOI: 10.1080/15438629709512084
Lora Tharp, K. Berg, R. Latin, W. Stuberg
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of various measures of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to 10 km run time. Subjects were 14 trained and experienced female distance runners whose mean (±SD) age, mass, percent body fat, and VO2 max were 31.3 ± 2.8 yr, 58.5 ± 6.7 kg, 17.5 ± 3.9 percent, and 48.9 ± 4.9 ml· min−1 · kg−1 respectively. Results indicated that ventilation threshold (VT), velocity at VO2 max (vVO2 max), V02max, 50 m sprint time, and peak knee extension torque at 400 deg· sec−1 were significantly correlated with 10 km run time (p ≤ .05). Stepwise multiple regression indicated that VT was the strongest single predictor explaining 48% of the variance while 50 m sprint time increased the explained variance to 67.2% (SEE = 1.40 min). The regression equation developed was: Y' = 48.65 ‐ .270 (VT ml· min−1 · kg−1 + .90 (50m in sec). The results of this investigation provide evidence that distance running performance may be attributed to individual variables such as VT and anaerobi...
本研究的目的是检验各种有氧和无氧代谢指标与10公里跑步时间的关系。研究对象为14名训练有素和经验丰富的女性长跑运动员，她们的平均(±SD)年龄、体重、体脂百分比和最大摄氧量分别为31.3±2.8岁、58.5±6.7 kg、17.5±3.9%和48.9±4.9 ml·min - 1·kg - 1。结果表明，通气阈值(VT)、最大VO2速度(vVO2 max)、V02max、50 m冲刺时间和400°·sec−1的膝关节伸展扭矩峰值与10 km跑时显著相关(p≤0.05)。逐步多元回归表明，VT是最强的单一预测因子，解释了48%的方差，而50 m冲刺时间使解释方差增加到67.2% (SEE = 1.40 min)。建立的回归方程为:Y′= 48.65‐0.270 (VT ml·min−1·kg−1 + 0.90 (50m in sec)。这项调查的结果提供了证据，证明长跑成绩可能归因于个体变量，如VT和厌氧…
{"title":"The relationship of aerobic and anaerobic power to distance running performance","authors":"Lora Tharp, K. Berg, R. Latin, W. Stuberg","doi":"10.1080/15438629709512084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629709512084","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of various measures of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to 10 km run time. Subjects were 14 trained and experienced female distance runners whose mean (±SD) age, mass, percent body fat, and VO2 max were 31.3 ± 2.8 yr, 58.5 ± 6.7 kg, 17.5 ± 3.9 percent, and 48.9 ± 4.9 ml· min−1 · kg−1 respectively. Results indicated that ventilation threshold (VT), velocity at VO2 max (vVO2 max), V02max, 50 m sprint time, and peak knee extension torque at 400 deg· sec−1 were significantly correlated with 10 km run time (p ≤ .05). Stepwise multiple regression indicated that VT was the strongest single predictor explaining 48% of the variance while 50 m sprint time increased the explained variance to 67.2% (SEE = 1.40 min). The regression equation developed was: Y' = 48.65 ‐ .270 (VT ml· min−1 · kg−1 + .90 (50m in sec). The results of this investigation provide evidence that distance running performance may be attributed to individual variables such as VT and anaerobi...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129023352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-01DOI: 10.1080/15438629709512088
Kathleen M. Tarrant, L. Naughton
The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses associated with two aerobic dance class designs, a high impact aerobic (HIA) class and a low impact aerobic (LIA) class. The HIA class involved 25 minutes of HIA followed by 15 minutes of strength exercise. The LIA class contained 40 minutes of LIA. Subjects consisted of nine female volunteers (age 29.9 yrs ± 4.1 yrs) who participated regularly (3 times/week) in aerobic exercise classes (mean VO2max, 43.2 ± 3.4 ml·min−1·kg−1). Subjects were evaluated in both classes on separate days. HR was measured continuously by telemetry and blood lactate was measured before, six times during and at the end of a class. A linear regression on HR‐VO2max was plotted to estimate the VO2 during a class. Mean heart rate (161 ± 21 b·min−1 vs 144 ± 27 b·min−1), VO2 (35.3 + 4.3 ml·min−1·kg−1 vs 31.8 ± 5. ml·min−1·kg−1) and total energy expenditure (2237 kJ·person−1 vs 2008 kJ·person−1) were all significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) during the LIA compared with the ...
本研究的目的是比较两种有氧舞蹈课程设计的生理反应，高冲击有氧(HIA)课程和低冲击有氧(LIA)课程。HIA课程包括25分钟的HIA，然后是15分钟的力量锻炼。LIA课程包含40分钟的LIA课程。受试者包括9名女性志愿者(年龄29.9岁±4.1岁)，她们定期参加有氧运动课程(3次/周)(平均VO2max, 43.2±3.4 ml·min−1·kg−1)。两堂课的受试者分别在不同的日子接受评估。通过遥测法连续测量HR，并在上课前、上课中和下课时分别测量血乳酸浓度6次。绘制了HR - VO2max的线性回归图来估计课堂上的VO2。平均心率(161±21 b·min−1 vs 144±27 b·min−1)，VO2 (35.3 + 4.3 ml·min−1·kg−1 vs 31.8±5)。总能量消耗(2237 kJ·人- 1 vs 2008 kJ·人- 1)均显著高于对照组(p≤0.05)。
{"title":"A comparison of the metabolic effects of high and low impact aerobic dance exercise","authors":"Kathleen M. Tarrant, L. Naughton","doi":"10.1080/15438629709512088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629709512088","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses associated with two aerobic dance class designs, a high impact aerobic (HIA) class and a low impact aerobic (LIA) class. The HIA class involved 25 minutes of HIA followed by 15 minutes of strength exercise. The LIA class contained 40 minutes of LIA. Subjects consisted of nine female volunteers (age 29.9 yrs ± 4.1 yrs) who participated regularly (3 times/week) in aerobic exercise classes (mean VO2max, 43.2 ± 3.4 ml·min−1·kg−1). Subjects were evaluated in both classes on separate days. HR was measured continuously by telemetry and blood lactate was measured before, six times during and at the end of a class. A linear regression on HR‐VO2max was plotted to estimate the VO2 during a class. Mean heart rate (161 ± 21 b·min−1 vs 144 ± 27 b·min−1), VO2 (35.3 + 4.3 ml·min−1·kg−1 vs 31.8 ± 5. ml·min−1·kg−1) and total energy expenditure (2237 kJ·person−1 vs 2008 kJ·person−1) were all significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) during the LIA compared with the ...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"516 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116224134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-01DOI: 10.1080/15438629709512082
I. Dohnalová, B. Zatloukal, J. Novotný, O. Vlach, J. Polách
The aim of this study was the development of a physical fitness examination for girls with scoliosis using a field test of walking for 2 km. Comparison of the results of the field test of walking was made both in patients with different degrees of spine deformity as well as with reference values of a healthy population using the same test. Judgment of the validity of the test for use in longterm supervision was attempted. A total of 33 girls with idio‐pathic scoliosis were examined (before operation) and divided into group A (n = 8; age 15.1 ± 2.8; angle according to Cobb <60°) and group B (n = 25; age 14.7 ± 2.1; ≥60). Spirometry, acid base balance (ABB [BE, cH+]) in blood, oxygen consumption (VO2), and heart rate (HR) were examined during the walking test; in addition, the functional response, a performance time, and a fitness index were evaluated. The test was performed without subjective complaints (RPE x= 11.4) or any significant functional and ABB change. Results showed a better physiological reacti...
{"title":"Field testing of physical fitness in young patients with idiopathic scoliosis","authors":"I. Dohnalová, B. Zatloukal, J. Novotný, O. Vlach, J. Polách","doi":"10.1080/15438629709512082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629709512082","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was the development of a physical fitness examination for girls with scoliosis using a field test of walking for 2 km. Comparison of the results of the field test of walking was made both in patients with different degrees of spine deformity as well as with reference values of a healthy population using the same test. Judgment of the validity of the test for use in longterm supervision was attempted. A total of 33 girls with idio‐pathic scoliosis were examined (before operation) and divided into group A (n = 8; age 15.1 ± 2.8; angle according to Cobb <60°) and group B (n = 25; age 14.7 ± 2.1; ≥60). Spirometry, acid base balance (ABB [BE, cH+]) in blood, oxygen consumption (VO2), and heart rate (HR) were examined during the walking test; in addition, the functional response, a performance time, and a fitness index were evaluated. The test was performed without subjective complaints (RPE x= 11.4) or any significant functional and ABB change. Results showed a better physiological reacti...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127959334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-01DOI: 10.1080/15438629709512085
L. Burkett, W. Phillips, Jacquelynn P. Paul
Ten able bodied subjects (AB) volunteered to be tested with a Respond II neuromuscular stimulator applied to the lower extremities during submaximal arm crank exercise (ACE) to determine its effect on heart rate (min−1) and VO2 in ml·min−1 ·kg−1. One to two hours after a maximal ACE test, subjects performed four 9‐minute submaximal bouts of ACE; two at 25% and two at 70% of VO2peak. Each work rate was performed with and without, a randomly ordered, electrical stimulation (ES) of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups respectively. Electrical stimulation intensity was determined by a subject's maximal tolerance. Data, from four submaximum tests were analyzed with a two 2×2 repeated measures analysis of variance. The main effects were work rate (25% VO2peak and 70% VO2peak) and electrical stimulation (STIM) no stimulation (NOSTIM). No statistical differences was found between the STIM and NOSTIM in VO2 or heart rate at either 25% VO2peak (11.0 ml·min−1·kg−1 vs. 11.2 ml·min−1·kg−1; and 89 min−1 vs. 88 mi...
{"title":"Oxygen uptake during arm cranking with and without leg electrical stimulation in able bodied individuals","authors":"L. Burkett, W. Phillips, Jacquelynn P. Paul","doi":"10.1080/15438629709512085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629709512085","url":null,"abstract":"Ten able bodied subjects (AB) volunteered to be tested with a Respond II neuromuscular stimulator applied to the lower extremities during submaximal arm crank exercise (ACE) to determine its effect on heart rate (min−1) and VO2 in ml·min−1 ·kg−1. One to two hours after a maximal ACE test, subjects performed four 9‐minute submaximal bouts of ACE; two at 25% and two at 70% of VO2peak. Each work rate was performed with and without, a randomly ordered, electrical stimulation (ES) of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups respectively. Electrical stimulation intensity was determined by a subject's maximal tolerance. Data, from four submaximum tests were analyzed with a two 2×2 repeated measures analysis of variance. The main effects were work rate (25% VO2peak and 70% VO2peak) and electrical stimulation (STIM) no stimulation (NOSTIM). No statistical differences was found between the STIM and NOSTIM in VO2 or heart rate at either 25% VO2peak (11.0 ml·min−1·kg−1 vs. 11.2 ml·min−1·kg−1; and 89 min−1 vs. 88 mi...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114206324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-01DOI: 10.1080/15438629709512089
J. Ponichtera-Mulcare, T. Mathews, P. Barrett, S. C. Gupta
Twenty‐three individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) participated in a 6‐month exercise training program; 11 ambulatory (AMB) and 8 semi‐ambulatory (SEMI). Four persons with MS served as non‐exercising controls (C). A test of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) was administered at baseline to all subjects. AMB and SEMI subjects exercised on alternating days for 30 minutes, at 55‐60% VO2max using either a commercially available recumbent or upright combination leg/arm bicycle ergometer. At the end of 12 and 24 weeks, exercising subjects were re‐evaluated. The C group was only re‐evaluated at 24 weeks. The results show that the AMB and SEMI groups experienced a +20% and +5% improvement in VO2max, respectively. The C group averaged a 12% decline in VO2max during the 6 months. These data demonstrate the possibility that although exercise improves cardiovascular fitness of some persons with less severe MS, this beneficial response may not apply to the more severely impaired patient. Nevertheless, improved cardiova...
{"title":"Change in aerobic fitness of patients with multiple sclerosis during a 6‐month training program","authors":"J. Ponichtera-Mulcare, T. Mathews, P. Barrett, S. C. Gupta","doi":"10.1080/15438629709512089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629709512089","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty‐three individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) participated in a 6‐month exercise training program; 11 ambulatory (AMB) and 8 semi‐ambulatory (SEMI). Four persons with MS served as non‐exercising controls (C). A test of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) was administered at baseline to all subjects. AMB and SEMI subjects exercised on alternating days for 30 minutes, at 55‐60% VO2max using either a commercially available recumbent or upright combination leg/arm bicycle ergometer. At the end of 12 and 24 weeks, exercising subjects were re‐evaluated. The C group was only re‐evaluated at 24 weeks. The results show that the AMB and SEMI groups experienced a +20% and +5% improvement in VO2max, respectively. The C group averaged a 12% decline in VO2max during the 6 months. These data demonstrate the possibility that although exercise improves cardiovascular fitness of some persons with less severe MS, this beneficial response may not apply to the more severely impaired patient. Nevertheless, improved cardiova...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114755419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-01DOI: 10.1080/15438629709512081
Craig M Patterson, J. Neary, H. Wenger
This study examined the acute effect of varied interval lengths and work: recovery (W:R) ratios on the ability to reach and maintain a high level of aerobic power. Eight female rowers (mean XVO2max of 3.46 [0.64] L · min−1) completed 1 continuous and 7 interval sessions on a Concept II rowing ergometer. Exercise intensity was set at a power output that elicited each individual's VO2max (VO2maxPO) and work was terminated when PO remained below 90% VO2maxPO for 15 seconds. The interval protocols were a 2:1 W: R ratio for work intervals of 30 seconds, 1,2, and 3 minutes, respectively, and a 1:1 W: R ratio for respective work intervals of 1,2, and 3 minutes. Venous blood lactate concentration (BLa) was taken after the first 3 or 4 minutes of exercise and 2 minutes post‐exercise. Total work time (TWT) was greater (p ≤ 0.05) with an interval protocol compared with continuous exercise and decreased both when the exercise interval was lengthened and when the W:R ratio changed from 1:1 to 2:1. The average work‐rat...
{"title":"Effect of different exercise intervals and work: Recovery ratios on oxygen uptake","authors":"Craig M Patterson, J. Neary, H. Wenger","doi":"10.1080/15438629709512081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629709512081","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the acute effect of varied interval lengths and work: recovery (W:R) ratios on the ability to reach and maintain a high level of aerobic power. Eight female rowers (mean XVO2max of 3.46 [0.64] L · min−1) completed 1 continuous and 7 interval sessions on a Concept II rowing ergometer. Exercise intensity was set at a power output that elicited each individual's VO2max (VO2maxPO) and work was terminated when PO remained below 90% VO2maxPO for 15 seconds. The interval protocols were a 2:1 W: R ratio for work intervals of 30 seconds, 1,2, and 3 minutes, respectively, and a 1:1 W: R ratio for respective work intervals of 1,2, and 3 minutes. Venous blood lactate concentration (BLa) was taken after the first 3 or 4 minutes of exercise and 2 minutes post‐exercise. Total work time (TWT) was greater (p ≤ 0.05) with an interval protocol compared with continuous exercise and decreased both when the exercise interval was lengthened and when the W:R ratio changed from 1:1 to 2:1. The average work‐rat...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132245760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-08-01DOI: 10.1080/15438629709512080
Y. Zorbas, Y. F. Federenko, K. A. Naexu
The objective of this investigation was to determine the hormonal and kallikrein‐kinin‐system (KKS) activity, and the clotting and fibrinolytic system changes in trained and untrained subjects during 30 days of a bed rest (BR) period and during 15 days of a postbedrest (PBR) period. 20 endurance trained male volunteers with a peak VO2 60.9 mL.min−1.kg−1 and 20 untrained male healthy volunteers with a peak VO2 of 39.9 mL.min−1.kg−1 were chosen as subjects. They had an age range from 19 to 24 years All volunteers were divided into four equal groups: Ten trained subjects were kept under a rigorous bedrest regime and served as bedrested trained subjects (BTS). Ten trained subjects were placed continuously on a regime of exercise of 13.8 km ‐ day and served as control trained subjects (CTS). Ten untrained subjects were kept under a rigorous bed rest regime and served as bedrested untrained subjects (BUS). Ten untrained subjects were placed continuously on a regime of exercise of 6.3 km · day and served as cont...
{"title":"Hormonal and biochemical changes in trained and untrained subjects during and after exposure to a 30 days bed rest period","authors":"Y. Zorbas, Y. F. Federenko, K. A. Naexu","doi":"10.1080/15438629709512080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629709512080","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this investigation was to determine the hormonal and kallikrein‐kinin‐system (KKS) activity, and the clotting and fibrinolytic system changes in trained and untrained subjects during 30 days of a bed rest (BR) period and during 15 days of a postbedrest (PBR) period. 20 endurance trained male volunteers with a peak VO2 60.9 mL.min−1.kg−1 and 20 untrained male healthy volunteers with a peak VO2 of 39.9 mL.min−1.kg−1 were chosen as subjects. They had an age range from 19 to 24 years All volunteers were divided into four equal groups: Ten trained subjects were kept under a rigorous bedrest regime and served as bedrested trained subjects (BTS). Ten trained subjects were placed continuously on a regime of exercise of 13.8 km ‐ day and served as control trained subjects (CTS). Ten untrained subjects were kept under a rigorous bed rest regime and served as bedrested untrained subjects (BUS). Ten untrained subjects were placed continuously on a regime of exercise of 6.3 km · day and served as cont...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"320 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120968831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-01DOI: 10.1080/15438629609512073
D. Blessing, B. Warren, Henry N. Williford Ed.D., R. Keith
Cross‐sectional data on 67 competitive female athletes representing seven Division I sports were examined for serum lipids and lipoproteins, body composition, and dietary intake as well as a control group consisting of demographically similar yet inactive women. Sports included cross‐country, gymnastics, swimming, basketball, volleyball, golf, and tennis. Results indicated that all groups were similar for age, height, and weight. Of the athletes, only the gymnasts and cross‐country runners had a significantly lower group mean percent body fat (p ≤ 0.05) than the control group. Analysis of variance indicated a significant group mean difference in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentration (p ≤ 0.05) between a female group athlete and control group subject. Each of the athletic groups had a significantly higher serum HDL‐C concentration than the control group. When the athletic groups were compared, the group mean cross‐country runners' serum HDL‐C concentration was significantly highe...
{"title":"Influence of sport participation on blood lipids and lipoproteins in competitive female athletes","authors":"D. Blessing, B. Warren, Henry N. Williford Ed.D., R. Keith","doi":"10.1080/15438629609512073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438629609512073","url":null,"abstract":"Cross‐sectional data on 67 competitive female athletes representing seven Division I sports were examined for serum lipids and lipoproteins, body composition, and dietary intake as well as a control group consisting of demographically similar yet inactive women. Sports included cross‐country, gymnastics, swimming, basketball, volleyball, golf, and tennis. Results indicated that all groups were similar for age, height, and weight. Of the athletes, only the gymnasts and cross‐country runners had a significantly lower group mean percent body fat (p ≤ 0.05) than the control group. Analysis of variance indicated a significant group mean difference in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentration (p ≤ 0.05) between a female group athlete and control group subject. Each of the athletic groups had a significantly higher serum HDL‐C concentration than the control group. When the athletic groups were compared, the group mean cross‐country runners' serum HDL‐C concentration was significantly highe...","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128134675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-01DOI: 10.1080/15438629609512077
M. Bluechardt, R. Shephard
The Bruininks‐Oseretsky test battery has been applied to a sample of 33 boys and 10 girls with learning disabilities. The age of the students (mean ± SD) was 9.4 ±1.1 years. The female students were heavier (p ≤ 0.001) and a little taller (p ≤ 0.05) than a representative Canadian sample of comparable age. Relative to the norm for a North American population, the motor performance score for balance (p ≤ 0.001), bilateral coordination (p ≤ 0.001), upper limb coordination (p ≤ 0.001), visual motor control (p ≤ 0.001), upper limb speed and dexterity (p ≤ 0.001), and response speed (p ≤ 0.001) were all significantly reduced. There was also a trend toward a reduction in strength (p ≤ 0.025) and a corresponding deficit in gross motor (p ≤ 0.005), fine motor (p ≤ 0.001), and battery (p ≤ 0.001) composite score. A significant gender difference (favoring males) for strength (p ≤ 0.001) and response speed (p ≤ 0.001) was shown, together with a related trend in gross motor composite (p ≤ 0.025), fine motor composite ...
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