Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15438620109512096
B. Denadai, P. Júnior, C. M. Neiva
β‐Adrenoreceptor blockade is reported to impair endurance, power output and work capacity in healthy subjects and patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect in eighth athletic males of an acute β‐adrenergic blockade with propranolol on their individual power output corresponding to a defined lactate minimum (LM). Eight fit males (cyclist or triathlete) performed a protocol to determine the power output corresponding to their individual LM (defined from an incremental exercise test after a rapidly induced exercise lactic acidosis). This protocol was performed twice in a double‐blind randomized order by each athlete first ingesting propranolol (80 mg) and in a second trial a placebo, 120 minutes respectively prior to the test sequence. The blood lactate concentration obtained 7 minutes after anaerobic exercise (a Wingate test) was significantly lower after acute β‐adrenergic blockade (8.6 ± 1.6 mM) than under the placebo condition (11.7 ± 1.6 mM). The work rate at the LM was lowered from 215.0 ± 18.6 to 184.0 ± 18.6 watts and heart rate at the LM was reduced from 165 ± 1.5 to 132 ± 2.2 beats/minute as a result of the blockade. There was a non‐significant correlation (r = 0.29) between the power output at the LM with and without acute β‐adrenergic blockade. In conclusion, since the intensity corresponding to the LM is related to aerobic performance, the results of the present study, are able to explain in part, the reduction in aerobic power output produced during β‐adrenergic blockade.
{"title":"Effect of an acute β‐adrenergic blockade on exercise intensity corresponding to the lactate minimum","authors":"B. Denadai, P. Júnior, C. M. Neiva","doi":"10.1080/15438620109512096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620109512096","url":null,"abstract":"β‐Adrenoreceptor blockade is reported to impair endurance, power output and work capacity in healthy subjects and patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect in eighth athletic males of an acute β‐adrenergic blockade with propranolol on their individual power output corresponding to a defined lactate minimum (LM). Eight fit males (cyclist or triathlete) performed a protocol to determine the power output corresponding to their individual LM (defined from an incremental exercise test after a rapidly induced exercise lactic acidosis). This protocol was performed twice in a double‐blind randomized order by each athlete first ingesting propranolol (80 mg) and in a second trial a placebo, 120 minutes respectively prior to the test sequence. The blood lactate concentration obtained 7 minutes after anaerobic exercise (a Wingate test) was significantly lower after acute β‐adrenergic blockade (8.6 ± 1.6 mM) than under the placebo condition (11.7 ± 1.6 mM). The work rate at the LM was lowered from 215.0 ± 18.6 to 184.0 ± 18.6 watts and heart rate at the LM was reduced from 165 ± 1.5 to 132 ± 2.2 beats/minute as a result of the blockade. There was a non‐significant correlation (r = 0.29) between the power output at the LM with and without acute β‐adrenergic blockade. In conclusion, since the intensity corresponding to the LM is related to aerobic performance, the results of the present study, are able to explain in part, the reduction in aerobic power output produced during β‐adrenergic blockade.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128793075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Zorbas, V. L. Yarullin, S. D. Denogradov, V. B. Afonin, V. J. Kakurin
Studies were done during 30-days pre-HK period and 364-days HK period. Forty males trained, and untrained individuals aged, 24.4±7.5 years were chosen as subjects. They were equally divided into four groups: trained ambulatory control subjects (TACS), trained hypokinetic subjects (THKS), untrained ambulatory control subjects (UACS) and untrained hypokinetic subjects (UHKS). Both THKS and UHKS of subjects were limited to an average walking distance of 0.3 km.day. The TACS and UACS were running an average distance of 9.7 and 1.7 km.day, respectively. Subjects took daily, 95 mEq potassium chloride per kg body weight.
{"title":"Potassium Measurements During Hypokinesia and Ambulation in Establishing Potassium Changes in Trained and Untrained Subjects","authors":"Y. Zorbas, V. L. Yarullin, S. D. Denogradov, V. B. Afonin, V. J. Kakurin","doi":"10.1080/10578310127607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10578310127607","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were done during 30-days pre-HK period and 364-days HK period. Forty males trained, and untrained individuals aged, 24.4±7.5 years were chosen as subjects. They were equally divided into four groups: trained ambulatory control subjects (TACS), trained hypokinetic subjects (THKS), untrained ambulatory control subjects (UACS) and untrained hypokinetic subjects (UHKS). Both THKS and UHKS of subjects were limited to an average walking distance of 0.3 km.day. The TACS and UACS were running an average distance of 9.7 and 1.7 km.day, respectively. Subjects took daily, 95 mEq potassium chloride per kg body weight.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129487833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15438620109512099
R. Newton, W. Young, W. Kraemer, C. Byrne
The purpose of this study was to quantify peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and loading rate during performance of a drop jump when (a) attempting to jump for maximum height (DJ‐H) and (b) attempting to jump for maximum height and minimum ground contact time (DJ‐H/t), both common training techniques for athletes in a variety of sports. Peak VGRF's were between 7.59 and 9.37 times bodyweight for the DJ‐H/t technique, which was approximately twice the magnitude of the DJ‐H technique. The maximum rate of loading was also greater for DJ‐H/t. In an earlier related study it was observed that 3 subjects who trained with the DJ‐H/t method experienced lower limb pain, which prevented them from further training. These dropouts were compared to non‐dropouts on factors related to their pre‐training level of leg strength and training drop height. An index of drop height divided by leg strength was found to be significantly greater (p<0.05) for the dropouts. It was concluded that training to improve the DJ‐H/t technique imposes a relatively high stress on the leg musculo‐skeletal system. Alternatively, using a relatively high drop height in conjunction with a low pre‐training leg strength level also increases the risk of injury. Requiring an athlete to qualify for drop jump training by exceeding a standard passing score on the drop jump/leg strength index might enable strength and conditioning coaches to limit the injury risk during such plyometric training.
{"title":"Effects of drop jump height and technique on ground reaction force with possible implication for injury","authors":"R. Newton, W. Young, W. Kraemer, C. Byrne","doi":"10.1080/15438620109512099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620109512099","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to quantify peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and loading rate during performance of a drop jump when (a) attempting to jump for maximum height (DJ‐H) and (b) attempting to jump for maximum height and minimum ground contact time (DJ‐H/t), both common training techniques for athletes in a variety of sports. Peak VGRF's were between 7.59 and 9.37 times bodyweight for the DJ‐H/t technique, which was approximately twice the magnitude of the DJ‐H technique. The maximum rate of loading was also greater for DJ‐H/t. In an earlier related study it was observed that 3 subjects who trained with the DJ‐H/t method experienced lower limb pain, which prevented them from further training. These dropouts were compared to non‐dropouts on factors related to their pre‐training level of leg strength and training drop height. An index of drop height divided by leg strength was found to be significantly greater (p<0.05) for the dropouts. It was concluded that training to improve the DJ‐H/t technique imposes a relatively high stress on the leg musculo‐skeletal system. Alternatively, using a relatively high drop height in conjunction with a low pre‐training leg strength level also increases the risk of injury. Requiring an athlete to qualify for drop jump training by exceeding a standard passing score on the drop jump/leg strength index might enable strength and conditioning coaches to limit the injury risk during such plyometric training.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116253914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exercise activity up to the anaerobic threshold (AT) is used in a very wide segment of the population, be it in top athletes, healthy sedentary persons, or patients suffering from cardiovascular or various other diseases. The authors have developed a new method of AT assessment using common spiroergometric parameters (work rate, heart rate, ventilation, oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio) written as a software application in MS EXCEL 2000. The method is fully reproducible, the breakpoint of the anaerobic threshold is always accessible and independent of subjective factors. The application works in all versions of EXCEL (version 5.0 and higher) and can be downloaded from the Internet.
{"title":"Assessment of Anaerobic Threshold as a Software Application Vilmed 2.0 in MS EXCEL","authors":"Pavel Kvca, Z. Vilikus","doi":"10.1080/10578310210397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10578310210397","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise activity up to the anaerobic threshold (AT) is used in a very wide segment of the population, be it in top athletes, healthy sedentary persons, or patients suffering from cardiovascular or various other diseases. The authors have developed a new method of AT assessment using common spiroergometric parameters (work rate, heart rate, ventilation, oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio) written as a software application in MS EXCEL 2000. The method is fully reproducible, the breakpoint of the anaerobic threshold is always accessible and independent of subjective factors. The application works in all versions of EXCEL (version 5.0 and higher) and can be downloaded from the Internet.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133949379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15438620109512097
J. Rico-Sanz, H. Silverman, D. Mccann, P. Molé
The purpose of this study was first to examine selected anthropometric and physiological characteristics of the outfield players of a soccer team according to playing position, and secondly to study the effects of a six week soccer training regimen on peak aerobic power (VO2peak), treadmill run‐time to exhaustion (TTE), percent body fat (%BF), and sum of skinfold thicknesses (SST). Twenty four outfield players of an intercollegiate soccer team [9 defenders (DF), 8 midfielders (MF), and 7 forwards (FW)] participated in the first part of the study, whereas only 17 players completed the training. Body weight and height were not different among playing positions. Also, no difference was found between player positions for: (a) %BF [DF = 9.9 ± 2.2(SD) MF=10.2 ± 5.7; FW=10.6 ± 4.1%], (b) VO2peak [DF = 55.9 ± 3.3; MF = 56.4 ± 5.2; FW = 52.9 ± 4.3ml · min−1 · kg−1], and (c) maximal ventilation rate [DF= 127.8 ± 11.8; MF= 119.1 ± 13.0; FW= 117.1 ±7.3 1·min−1]. The TTE was not different among groups. The VO2peak before training was 55.3 ± 4.3 ml · min−1· kg−1 and it increased (p≤.05) to 57.5±5.8 ml · min−1· kg−1 after training. TTE also increased (p≤.05) from 22.8 ± 3.0 min before to 25.2 ± 1.6 min after training. Although body mass (74.0 ± 6.4 kg) and % BF (9.8 ± 4.4%) remained unchanged during the training period, the SST decreased (p ≤ .05) from 60.9 ± 17.4 to 55.4 ± 14.0 mm. The results indicated no difference in selected anthropometric and physiological variables among playing positions. The loss of subcutaneous fat without a change in the total fat after six weeks of training in all players suggests there was a redistribution of fat storage.
{"title":"Physiological adaptation to 6 weeks of specific training of intercollegiate soccer players","authors":"J. Rico-Sanz, H. Silverman, D. Mccann, P. Molé","doi":"10.1080/15438620109512097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620109512097","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was first to examine selected anthropometric and physiological characteristics of the outfield players of a soccer team according to playing position, and secondly to study the effects of a six week soccer training regimen on peak aerobic power (VO2peak), treadmill run‐time to exhaustion (TTE), percent body fat (%BF), and sum of skinfold thicknesses (SST). Twenty four outfield players of an intercollegiate soccer team [9 defenders (DF), 8 midfielders (MF), and 7 forwards (FW)] participated in the first part of the study, whereas only 17 players completed the training. Body weight and height were not different among playing positions. Also, no difference was found between player positions for: (a) %BF [DF = 9.9 ± 2.2(SD) MF=10.2 ± 5.7; FW=10.6 ± 4.1%], (b) VO2peak [DF = 55.9 ± 3.3; MF = 56.4 ± 5.2; FW = 52.9 ± 4.3ml · min−1 · kg−1], and (c) maximal ventilation rate [DF= 127.8 ± 11.8; MF= 119.1 ± 13.0; FW= 117.1 ±7.3 1·min−1]. The TTE was not different among groups. The VO2peak before training was 55.3 ± 4.3 ml · min−1· kg−1 and it increased (p≤.05) to 57.5±5.8 ml · min−1· kg−1 after training. TTE also increased (p≤.05) from 22.8 ± 3.0 min before to 25.2 ± 1.6 min after training. Although body mass (74.0 ± 6.4 kg) and % BF (9.8 ± 4.4%) remained unchanged during the training period, the SST decreased (p ≤ .05) from 60.9 ± 17.4 to 55.4 ± 14.0 mm. The results indicated no difference in selected anthropometric and physiological variables among playing positions. The loss of subcutaneous fat without a change in the total fat after six weeks of training in all players suggests there was a redistribution of fat storage.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127637363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to determine kinematical characteristics of underwater locomotion and to compare them with those of land locomotion. Six male subjects performed walking and running on both conventional and underwater treadmills. Both treadmill speeds increased incrementally starting from 0.56 m s 1 to 3.33 m s 1, the maximum speed of the underwater treadmill. The motion analysis showed that underwater locomotion is characterized by the following points: (a) A transition from walking (1.11 m s 1) to running occurs at a lower speed in water; (b) stride frequency is significantly lower in water; (c) in order to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of water, a greater knee joint flexion is used to reduce the trajectory area enclosed by the legs as the treadmill speed is increased; and (d) many kinematical differences were observed above a walking speed of 1.11 m s 1, also above this speed oxygen uptake was significantly higher in water. In water, the strategy of locomotion is quite different from that on land.
本研究的目的是确定水下运动的运动学特征，并将其与陆地运动的运动学特征进行比较。六名男性受试者分别在常规跑步机上和水下跑步机上行走和跑步。两个跑步机的速度从0.56 m s 1开始逐渐增加到3.33 m s 1，这是水下跑步机的最大速度。运动分析表明，水下运动具有以下特点:(a)在水中以较低的速度从步行(1.11 m s 1)过渡到跑步;(b)在水中步频明显较低;(c)为了减少水的水动力阻力，随着跑步机速度的增加，膝关节弯曲的幅度更大，以减少腿部封闭的轨迹面积;(d)在1.11 m / s的步行速度以上，观察到许多运动学差异，并且在此速度以上，水中的摄氧量明显更高。在水中，它们的运动策略与在陆地上大不相同。
{"title":"Kinematical Analysis of Underwater Walking and Running","authors":"Takeru Kato, Shohei Onishi, K. Kitagawa","doi":"10.1080/10578310210396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10578310210396","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine kinematical characteristics of underwater locomotion and to compare them with those of land locomotion. Six male subjects performed walking and running on both conventional and underwater treadmills. Both treadmill speeds increased incrementally starting from 0.56 m s 1 to 3.33 m s 1, the maximum speed of the underwater treadmill. The motion analysis showed that underwater locomotion is characterized by the following points: (a) A transition from walking (1.11 m s 1) to running occurs at a lower speed in water; (b) stride frequency is significantly lower in water; (c) in order to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of water, a greater knee joint flexion is used to reduce the trajectory area enclosed by the legs as the treadmill speed is increased; and (d) many kinematical differences were observed above a walking speed of 1.11 m s 1, also above this speed oxygen uptake was significantly higher in water. In water, the strategy of locomotion is quite different from that on land.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132780371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15438620109512093
A. Crisafulli, F. Melis, V. Orrù, R. Lener, C. Lai, A. Concu
Phono‐mechano‐cardiography (PMC) methodology for measuring such systolic time intervals (STI) as the pre‐ejection period (PEP), ventricular ejection time (VET) and the ratio (PEP/VET) is not an adequate method when STI are evaluated in an exercising subject (e.g. stress testing, functional capacity etc.). This is due to the complexity of positioning and keeping PMC transducers at the recording site secure while the body is moving. In this report a novel technique, impedance cardiography (IC), which does not require mechanical transducers being positioned over the body has been used to evaluate STI parameters in 6 subjects performing a cycle ergometer incremental exercise (10 W/min) up to 175 ± 12.5 W in order to compare IC traces with PMC traces obtained in the same session. The comparison of 460 recorded beats provided by both IC and PMC methods with proper statistic tests (correlation and linear regression, two‐way ANOVA, Fisher exact test) did not show any significant difference between the STI value obtained from IC and PMC methods respectively: PEPpmc = 0.13 ms + 0.99 ms PEPIC, p ≤0 0.0001, r = 0.92; VETpmc = 13.5ms + 0.95ms VETrc, p ≤ 0.0001, r = 0.98; PEP/VETpmc = 0.0036 + 0.85 PEP/VETic, p ≤ 0.0001, r = 0.84. Bland and Altman's (1986) analysis also showed a close agreement between the PEP, VET, PEP/VET ratio measured by PMC and IC instruments (mean differences were ‐ 0.89 ± 6.53 ms, 1.41 ± 6.67 ms, ‐0.0069 ± 0.33 respectively for PEP, VET and PEP/VET). It may be concluded that the IC system can be used in place of PMC to assess STI during exercise.
{"title":"Impedance cardiography for non‐invasive assessment of systolic time intervals during exercise","authors":"A. Crisafulli, F. Melis, V. Orrù, R. Lener, C. Lai, A. Concu","doi":"10.1080/15438620109512093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620109512093","url":null,"abstract":"Phono‐mechano‐cardiography (PMC) methodology for measuring such systolic time intervals (STI) as the pre‐ejection period (PEP), ventricular ejection time (VET) and the ratio (PEP/VET) is not an adequate method when STI are evaluated in an exercising subject (e.g. stress testing, functional capacity etc.). This is due to the complexity of positioning and keeping PMC transducers at the recording site secure while the body is moving. In this report a novel technique, impedance cardiography (IC), which does not require mechanical transducers being positioned over the body has been used to evaluate STI parameters in 6 subjects performing a cycle ergometer incremental exercise (10 W/min) up to 175 ± 12.5 W in order to compare IC traces with PMC traces obtained in the same session. The comparison of 460 recorded beats provided by both IC and PMC methods with proper statistic tests (correlation and linear regression, two‐way ANOVA, Fisher exact test) did not show any significant difference between the STI value obtained from IC and PMC methods respectively: PEPpmc = 0.13 ms + 0.99 ms PEPIC, p ≤0 0.0001, r = 0.92; VETpmc = 13.5ms + 0.95ms VETrc, p ≤ 0.0001, r = 0.98; PEP/VETpmc = 0.0036 + 0.85 PEP/VETic, p ≤ 0.0001, r = 0.84. Bland and Altman's (1986) analysis also showed a close agreement between the PEP, VET, PEP/VET ratio measured by PMC and IC instruments (mean differences were ‐ 0.89 ± 6.53 ms, 1.41 ± 6.67 ms, ‐0.0069 ± 0.33 respectively for PEP, VET and PEP/VET). It may be concluded that the IC system can be used in place of PMC to assess STI during exercise.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132689542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bentham, J. Hatcher, I. Horsley, L. Mc nauthton
To date studies have indicated that an ankle brace not only provides mechanical support, but also has a positive influence on ankle joint proprioception. However, it is still unclear whether this finding is correct, especially in professional soccer players. The aim of this work therefore, was to determine whether an Aircast Sports Stirrup ankle brace would influence ankle joint proprioception of the professional soccer player. Twelve male professional soccer players with no history of recent ankle injury participated in this study. A Biodex Stability System was used to test a players balance on their dominant leg with and without a brace attached. Each subject was tested three times for each condition in a random fashion, so that a mean Stability Index (SI) could be electronically generated. The more difficulty a subject had in balancing the Biodex tilt platform the larger was the numerical score on the index. The results revealed that bracing had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on ankle joint proprioception indicated by the mean balance index, of the professional soccer player. This result casts doubt on previous literature on this topic and indicates that further study of the effect of bracing is needed.
{"title":"The Influence of an Aircast Sports Stirrup Ankle Brace on the Ankle Joint Proprioception of Professional Soccer Players","authors":"S. Bentham, J. Hatcher, I. Horsley, L. Mc nauthton","doi":"10.1080/10578310127605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10578310127605","url":null,"abstract":"To date studies have indicated that an ankle brace not only provides mechanical support, but also has a positive influence on ankle joint proprioception. However, it is still unclear whether this finding is correct, especially in professional soccer players. The aim of this work therefore, was to determine whether an Aircast Sports Stirrup ankle brace would influence ankle joint proprioception of the professional soccer player. Twelve male professional soccer players with no history of recent ankle injury participated in this study. A Biodex Stability System was used to test a players balance on their dominant leg with and without a brace attached. Each subject was tested three times for each condition in a random fashion, so that a mean Stability Index (SI) could be electronically generated. The more difficulty a subject had in balancing the Biodex tilt platform the larger was the numerical score on the index. The results revealed that bracing had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on ankle joint proprioception indicated by the mean balance index, of the professional soccer player. This result casts doubt on previous literature on this topic and indicates that further study of the effect of bracing is needed.","PeriodicalId":403174,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation","volume":"30 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120844997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15438620109512100
D. Brock, D. Nieman, A. Utter, Gregory S Harris, Stephen J. Rossi
The purpose of this study was to validate leg‐to‐leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methodology for estimating body composition in ethnically mixed football athletes. Sixty‐four Caucasian and 36 African American Division 1AA football athletes took part in this study. Their mean age ± SD was 20.2 ± 1.9 yr and their body mass index was 29.2 ± 4.8 kg/m2. Age, body mass index, and percent body fat did not differ significantly between ethnic groups. Fat free mass (FFM) and percent body fat was also estimated from underwater weighing (UW), seven‐site skinfold measurement (SK), and B1A. A significant correlation in estimating FFM was found between underwater weighing and BIA (r = 0.94, p< 0.001; SEE 3.7 kg), and between underwater weighing and skinfold thickness measurement (r = 0.97, p < 0.001; SEE 2.6 kg). The mean difference in estimation of FFM between underwater weighing and BIA was — 0.46±3.8kg. No significant correlation (r = 0.10, p = .166) was found between the estimation of FFM from underwater weighing and the difference in estimation of FFM between underwater weighing and BIA. This indicated there was no systematic underestimation or overestimation of FFM in either Caucasian or African American athletes. In conclusion, the leg‐to‐leg BIA system provided a quick and accurate method of determining body composition in football athletes compared to conventional underwater weighing.
本研究的目的是验证腿对腿的生物电阻抗分析(BIA)方法用于估计种族混合足球运动员的身体成分。64名白人和36名非裔美国人参加了这项研究。平均年龄±SD为20.2±1.9岁，体重指数为29.2±4.8 kg/m2。年龄、体重指数和体脂百分比在不同种族之间没有显著差异。无脂质量(FFM)和体脂百分比也通过水下称重(UW)、七部位皮褶测量(SK)和B1A来估计。估计FFM与BIA之间存在显著相关(r = 0.94, p< 0.001;SEE 3.7 kg)，水下称重与皮褶厚度测量之间存在差异(r = 0.97, p < 0.001;见2.6公斤)。水下称重与BIA估计FFM的平均差值为- 0.46±3.8kg。水下称重估计的FFM与水下称重与BIA估计的FFM差异无显著相关(r = 0.10, p = 0.166)。这表明，无论是白人运动员还是非裔美国运动员，都没有系统性地低估或高估FFM。总之，与传统的水下称重相比，腿对腿BIA系统提供了一种快速准确的方法来确定足球运动员的身体成分。
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Deep water running (DWR) is a form a aquatic exercise that simulates the action of land based running (LBR), but appears to cause less musculo-skeletal stress. Consequently, it has become a popular training modality for athletes recovering from injury. The psychophysical effects of DWR and LBR respectively were investigated at three exercise intensities. Maximum heart rate (HR max ) was established using a Cooper 1.5 mile run test and the Karvonen Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) method was used to calculate exercise intensity at 60%, 70%, and 80% HRR, respectively. Six males and four females with a mean age (‐SD) of 28.1 ‐ 4.9 years and unfamiliar with DWR undertook a 30-minute test in both DWR and LBR conditions. Each test consisted of 3 x 10 minute periods at 60%, 70%, and 80% HRR respectively. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was recorded during the last minute of each period. A difference in RPE was found between LBR and DWR at 60% (11.4 Vs 12.8, p < 0.001), 70% (12.9 Vs 15.2, p < 0.001), and 80% HRR (14.5 Vs 17.7, p < 0.001). A significant difference in RPE was attributed to localized fatigue associated with the unfamiliarity of the task, reflected by increased cardiovascular stress at any given heart rate. Athletes and trainers should exhibit caution when prescribing a specific DWR exercise intensity based on HR max date obtained from a land based test. A downward adjustment of 12n17 beats per minute is considered prudent to ensure that exercise intensity is appropriate to the goal of the training program and to the traineeis current ability.
深水跑步(DWR)是一种模拟陆上跑步(LBR)的水上运动，但似乎造成更少的肌肉骨骼压力。因此，它已成为一种流行的训练方式，运动员从伤病中恢复。在三种运动强度下，分别研究了DWR和LBR的心理生理效应。最大心率(HR max)使用Cooper 1.5英里跑步测试建立，Karvonen心率储备(HRR)方法分别在60%，70%和80% HRR下计算运动强度。6名男性和4名女性，平均年龄(‐SD)为28.1 - 4.9岁，不熟悉DWR，在DWR和LBR条件下进行了30分钟的测试。每次测试分别由60%、70%和80% HRR的3 × 10分钟时间段组成。在每一时段的最后一分钟记录感知用力评分(RPE)。LBR和DWR的RPE差异分别为60% (11.4 Vs 12.8, p < 0.001)、70% (12.9 Vs 15.2, p < 0.001)和80% (14.5 Vs 17.7, p < 0.001)。RPE的显著差异归因于与任务不熟悉相关的局部疲劳，反映在任何给定心率下心血管压力的增加。运动员和教练在根据陆上测试获得的HR max数据开出特定的DWR运动强度处方时应谨慎。为了确保运动强度适合训练计划的目标和训练者目前的能力，将每分钟12n17次的运动强度向下调整是谨慎的。
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