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2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM)最新文献

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Reconstructing and Analyzing the Transnational Human Trafficking Network 跨国人口贩运网络的重构与分析
Mitchell Goist, T. H. Chen, C. Boylan
Human trafficking is a global problem which impacts a countless number of individuals every year. In this project, we demonstrate how machine learning techniques and qualitative reports can be used to generate new valuable quantitative information on human trafficking. Our approach generates original data, which we release publicly, on the directed trafficking relationship between countries that can be used to reconstruct the global transnational human trafficking network. Using this new data and statistical network analysis, we identify the most influential countries in the network and analyze how different factors and network structures influence transnational trafficking. Most importantly, our methods and data can be employed by policymakers, non-governmental organizations, and researchers to help combat the problem of human trafficking.
人口贩运是一个全球性问题,每年影响着无数人。在这个项目中,我们展示了如何使用机器学习技术和定性报告来生成关于人口贩运的新的有价值的定量信息。我们的方法生成了原始数据,并将其公开发布,这些数据是关于国家间定向贩运关系的,可用于重建全球跨国人口贩运网络。利用这一新的数据和统计网络分析,我们确定了网络中最具影响力的国家,并分析了不同因素和网络结构如何影响跨国贩运。最重要的是,政策制定者、非政府组织和研究人员可以利用我们的方法和数据来帮助打击人口贩运问题。
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引用次数: 4
Collecting Representative Social Media Samples from a Search Engine by Adaptive Query Generation 通过自适应查询生成从搜索引擎中收集具有代表性的社交媒体样本
Virgile Landeiro, A. Culotta
Studies in computational social science often require collecting data about users via a search engine interface: a list of keywords is provided as a query to the interface and documents matching this query are returned. The validity of a study will hence critically depend on the representativeness of the data returned by the search engine. In this paper, we develop a multi-objective approach to build queries yielding documents that are both relevant to the study and representative of the larger population of documents. We then specify measures to evaluate the relevance and the representativeness of documents retrieved by a query system. Using these measures, we experiment on three real-world datasets and show that our method outperforms baselines commonly used to solve this data collection problem.
计算社会科学的研究通常需要通过搜索引擎界面收集有关用户的数据:提供关键字列表作为对界面的查询,并返回与该查询匹配的文档。因此,研究的有效性将严重依赖于搜索引擎返回的数据的代表性。在本文中,我们开发了一种多目标方法来构建查询,生成的文档既与研究相关,又代表更大的文档群体。然后,我们指定度量来评估查询系统检索的文档的相关性和代表性。使用这些度量,我们在三个真实世界的数据集上进行了实验,并表明我们的方法优于通常用于解决此数据收集问题的基线。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-Factor Congressional Vote Prediction 多因素国会投票预测
Hamid Karimi, Tyler Derr, Aaron Brookhouse, Jiliang Tang
In recent times we have seen a trend of having the ideologies of the two dominant political parties in the U.S. growing further and further apart. Simultaneously we have entered the age of big data raising enormous interest in computational approaches to solve problems in many domains such as political elections. However, an overlooked problem lies in predicting what happens once our elected officials take office, more specifically, predicting the congressional votes, which are perhaps the most influential decisions being made in the U.S. This, nevertheless, is far from a trivial task, since the congressional system is highly complex and heavily influenced by both ideological and social factors. Thus, dedicated efforts are required to first effectively identify and represent these factors, then furthermore capture the interactions between them. To this end, we proposed a robust end-to-end framework Multi-Factor Congressional Vote Prediction (MFCVP) that defines and encodes features from indicative ideological factors while also extracting novel social features. This allows for a principled expressive representation of the complex system, which ultimately leads to MFCVP making accurate vote predictions. Experimental results on a dataset from the U.S. House of Representatives shows the superiority of MFCVP to several representatives approaches when predicting votes for individual representatives and also the overall outcome of the bill voted on. Finally, we perform a factor analysis to understand the effectiveness and interplay between the different factors.
最近,我们看到美国两大主要政党的意识形态越来越分化。同时,我们已经进入了大数据时代,人们对用计算方法解决政治选举等许多领域的问题产生了极大的兴趣。然而,一个被忽视的问题在于预测我们当选的官员上任后会发生什么,更具体地说,预测国会投票,这可能是美国最具影响力的决定。然而,这远非一项微不足道的任务,因为国会制度高度复杂,深受意识形态和社会因素的影响。因此,需要专门的努力来首先有效地识别和表示这些因素,然后进一步捕获它们之间的相互作用。为此,我们提出了一个强大的端到端多因素国会投票预测框架(MFCVP),该框架从指示性意识形态因素中定义和编码特征,同时提取新的社会特征。这允许对复杂系统进行原则性的表达,最终导致MFCVP做出准确的投票预测。在美国众议院数据集上的实验结果表明,在预测个别代表的投票以及投票法案的整体结果时,MFCVP优于几种代表方法。最后,我们进行了因子分析,以了解不同因素之间的有效性和相互作用。
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引用次数: 24
Through The Eyes of A Poet: Classical Poetry Recommendation with Visual Input on Social Media 通过诗人的眼睛:社交媒体上视觉输入的古典诗歌推荐
D. Zhang, Bo Ni, Qiyu Zhi, Thomas Plummer, Qi Li, Hao Zheng, Qingkai Zeng, Yang Zhang, Dong Wang
With the increasing popularity of portable devices with cameras (e.g., smartphones and tablets) and ubiquitous Internet connectivity, travelers can share their instant experience during the travel by posting photos they took to social media platforms. In this paper, we present a new image-driven poetry recommender system that takes a traveler's photo as input and recommends classical poems that can enrich the photo with aesthetically pleasing quotes from the poems. Three critical challenges exist to solve this new problem: i) how to extract the implicit artistic conception embedded in both poems and images? ii) How to identify the salient objects in the image without knowing the creator's intent? iii) How to accommodate the diverse user perceptions of the image and make a diversified poetry recommendation? The proposed iPoemRec system jointly addresses the above challenges by developing heterogeneous information network and neural embedding techniques. Evaluation results from real-world datasets and a user study demonstrate that our system can recommend highly relevant classical poems for a given photo and receive significantly higher user ratings compared to the state-of-the-art baselines.
随着带摄像头的便携式设备(如智能手机和平板电脑)的日益普及以及无处不在的互联网连接,旅行者可以通过在社交媒体平台上发布他们拍摄的照片来分享他们在旅行中的即时体验。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的图像驱动的诗歌推荐系统,该系统将旅行者的照片作为输入,并推荐古典诗歌,这些古典诗歌可以通过诗歌中的美学引用来丰富照片。解决这一新问题存在三个关键挑战:1)如何提取诗歌和图像中隐含的意境?ii)如何在不知道创作者意图的情况下识别图像中的突出物体?iii)如何适应不同的用户形象感知,进行多元化的诗歌推荐?本文提出的iPoemRec系统通过发展异构信息网络和神经嵌入技术,共同解决了上述挑战。来自真实世界数据集和用户研究的评估结果表明,与最先进的基线相比,我们的系统可以为给定的照片推荐高度相关的古典诗歌,并获得显着更高的用户评分。
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引用次数: 9
Evaluation of Extremist Cohesion in a Darknet Forum Using ERGM and LDA 基于ERGM和LDA的暗网论坛极值内聚评价
Mohammed Rashed, J. Piorkowski, I. McCulloh
ISIS and similar extremist communities are increasingly using forums in the darknet to connect with each other and spread news and propaganda. In this paper, we attempt to understand their network in an online forum by using descriptive statistics, an exponential random graph model (ERGM) and Topic Modeling. Our analysis shows how the cohesion between active members forms and grows over time and under certain thread topics. We find that the top attendants of the forum have high centrality measures and other attributes of influencers.
ISIS和类似的极端主义社区越来越多地利用暗网论坛相互联系,传播新闻和宣传。在本文中,我们试图通过描述性统计,指数随机图模型(ERGM)和主题建模来理解他们在在线论坛中的网络。我们的分析显示了活跃成员之间的凝聚力是如何随着时间的推移和在特定的线程主题下形成和增长的。我们发现,论坛的顶级参与者具有较高的中心性度量和影响者的其他属性。
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引用次数: 3
Topic Enhanced Word Embedding for Toxic Content Detection in Q&A Sites 主题增强词嵌入有毒内容检测在问答网站
Do Yeon Kim, Xiaohan Li, Sheng Wang, Yunying Zhuo, R. Lee
Increasingly, users are adopting community question-and-answer (Q&A) sites to exchange information. Detecting and eliminating toxic and divisive content in these Q&A sites are paramount tasks to ensure a safe and constructive environment for the users. Insincere question, which is founded upon false premises, is one type of toxic content in Q&A sites. In this paper, we proposed a novel deep learning framework enhanced pre-trained word embeddings with topical information for insincere question classification. We evaluated our proposed framework on a large real-world dataset from Quora Q&A site and showed that the topically enhanced word embedding is able to achieve better results in toxic content classification. An empirical study was also conducted to analyze the topics of the insincere questions on Quora, and we found that topics on “religion”, “gender” and ‘'politics'’ has a higher proportion of insincere questions.
越来越多的用户采用社区问答(Q&A)站点来交换信息。检测和消除这些问答网站中的有毒和分裂内容是确保用户安全和建设性环境的首要任务。建立在虚假前提上的不真诚的问题是问答网站中的一种有毒内容。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的深度学习框架,增强了带有主题信息的预训练词嵌入,用于非真诚问题分类。我们在Quora问答网站的一个大型真实数据集上评估了我们提出的框架,并表明主题增强的词嵌入能够在有毒内容分类中取得更好的结果。我们还对Quora上的不真诚问题的主题进行了实证研究,我们发现“宗教”、“性别”和“政治”的不真诚问题所占比例更高。
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引用次数: 9
Building a Task Blacklist for Online Social Platforms 构建网络社交平台任务黑名单
Trang Ha, Quyen Hoang, Kyumin Lee
Recently, the use of crowdsourcing platforms (e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk) has boomed because of their flexible and cost-effective nature, which benefits both requestors and workers. However, some requestors misused power of the crowdsourcing platforms by creating malicious tasks, which targeted manipulating search results, leaving fake reviews, etc. Crowdsourced manipulation reduces the quality of online social media, and threatens the social values and security of the cyberspace as a whole. To help solve this problem, we build a classification model which filters out malicious campaigns from a large number of campaigns crawled from several popular crowdsourcing platforms. We then build a task blacklist web service, which provides users with a keyword-based search so that they can understand, moderate and eliminate potential malicious campaigns from the Web.
最近,众包平台(例如Amazon Mechanical Turk)的使用因其灵活性和成本效益而蓬勃发展,这对请求者和工人都有利。然而,一些请求者通过创建恶意任务来滥用众包平台的权力,这些任务的目标是操纵搜索结果,留下虚假评论等。众包操纵降低了网络社交媒体的质量,威胁到整个网络空间的社会价值和安全。为了帮助解决这个问题,我们建立了一个分类模型,从几个流行的众包平台抓取的大量活动中过滤出恶意活动。然后,我们构建一个任务黑名单web服务,它为用户提供基于关键字的搜索,以便他们能够理解、调节和消除来自web的潜在恶意活动。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of Topical Influence in Social Networks via Granger-Causal Inference: A Twitter Case Study 基于granger因果推理的社交网络话题影响检测:以Twitter为例
Jan Hauffa, Wolfgang Bräu, Georg Groh
With the ever-increasing importance of computer-mediated communication in our everyday life, understanding the effects of social influence in online social networks has become a necessity. In this work, we argue that cascade models of information diffusion do not adequately capture attitude change, which we consider to be an essential element of social influence. To address this concern, we propose a topical model of social influence and attempt to establish a connection between influence and Granger-causal effects on a theoretical and empirical level. While our analysis of a social media dataset finds effects that are consistent with our model of social influence, evidence suggests that these effects can be attributed largely to external confounders. The dominance of external influencers, including mass media, over peer influence raises new questions about the correspondence between objectively measurable information diffusion and social influence as perceived by human observers.
随着以计算机为媒介的交流在我们日常生活中的重要性日益增加,了解在线社交网络中社会影响的影响已成为一种必要。在这项工作中,我们认为信息扩散的级联模型不能充分捕捉态度变化,我们认为这是社会影响的一个基本要素。为了解决这一问题,我们提出了一个社会影响的主题模型,并试图在理论和实证层面上建立影响与格兰杰因果效应之间的联系。虽然我们对社交媒体数据集的分析发现了与我们的社会影响模型一致的影响,但有证据表明,这些影响在很大程度上可以归因于外部混杂因素。包括大众媒体在内的外部影响者对同伴影响的主导地位提出了新的问题,即人类观察者所感知的客观可衡量的信息传播与社会影响之间的对应关系。
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引用次数: 3
Hierarchical Multi-Armed Bandits for Discovering Hidden Populations 发现隐藏人口的分层多武装土匪
Suhansanu Kumar, Heting Gao, Changyu Wang, K. Chang, H. Sundaram
This paper proposes a novel algorithm to discover hidden individuals in a social network. The problem is increasingly important for social scientists as the populations (e.g., individuals with mental illness) that they study converse online. Since these populations do not use the category (e.g., mental illness) to self-describe, directly querying with text is non-trivial. To by-pass the limitations of network and query re-writing frameworks, we focus on identifying hidden populations through attributed search. We propose a hierarchical Multi-Arm Bandit (DT-TMP) sampler that uses a decision tree coupled with reinforcement learning to query the combinatorial attributed search space by exploring and expanding along high yielding decision-tree branches. A comprehensive set of experiments over a suite of twelve sampling tasks on three online web platforms, and three offline entity datasets reveals that DT-TMP outperforms all baseline samplers by upto a margin of 54% on Twitter and 48% on RateMDs. An extensive ablation study confirms DT-TMP's superior performance under different sampling scenarios.
提出了一种新的发现社交网络中隐藏个体的算法。这个问题对社会科学家来说越来越重要,因为他们研究的人群(例如精神疾病患者)在网上交流。由于这些人群不使用类别(如精神疾病)来进行自我描述,因此直接使用文本进行查询是非平凡的。为了克服网络和查询重写框架的限制,我们着重于通过属性搜索识别隐藏种群。我们提出了一种分层多臂班迪(DT-TMP)采样器,该采样器使用决策树和强化学习相结合,通过沿着高产决策树分支探索和扩展来查询组合属性搜索空间。在三个在线网络平台和三个离线实体数据集上进行的一套12个采样任务的综合实验表明,DT-TMP在Twitter上的性能优于所有基线采样器,最高可达54%,在RateMDs上可达48%。广泛的消融研究证实了DT-TMP在不同采样场景下的优越性能。
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引用次数: 4
A Novel Methodology for Improving Election Poll Prediction Using Time-Aware Polling 一种利用时间感知民意测验改进选举民意预测的新方法
Alexandru Topîrceanu, R. Precup
Multiple poll forecasting solutions, based on statistics and economic indices, have been proposed over time, but, as we better understand diffusion phenomena, we know that temporal characteristics provide even more uncertainty. As such, current literature is not yet able to define truly reliable models for the evolution of political opinion, marketing preferences, or social unrest. Inspired by micro-scale opinion dynamics, we develop an original time-aware (TA) methodology which is able to improve the prediction of opinion distribution, by modeling opinion as a function which spikes up when opinion is expressed, and slowly dampens down otherwise. After a parametric analysis, we validate our TA method on survey data from the US presidential elections of 2012 and 2016. By comparing our time-aware method (TA) with classic survey averaging (SA), and cumulative vote counting (CC), we find our method is substantially closer to the real election outcomes. On average, we measure that SA is 6.3% off, CC is 5.6% off, while TA is only 1.5% off from the final registered election outcomes; this difference translates into an ≈ 75% prediction improvement of our TA method. As our work falls in line with studies on the microscopic temporal dynamics of social networks, we find evidence of how macroscopic prediction can be improved using time-awareness.
随着时间的推移,基于统计和经济指数的多种民意调查预测解决方案已经被提出,但是,随着我们更好地理解扩散现象,我们知道时间特征提供了更多的不确定性。因此,目前的文献还不能为政治观点、市场偏好或社会动荡的演变定义真正可靠的模型。受微观尺度意见动态的启发,我们开发了一种原始的时间感知(TA)方法,该方法能够通过将意见建模为一个函数来改进意见分布的预测,当意见被表达时,意见会飙升,否则会慢慢减弱。经过参数分析,我们对2012年和2016年美国总统选举的调查数据验证了我们的TA方法。通过将我们的时间感知方法(TA)与经典调查平均(SA)和累积投票计数(CC)进行比较,我们发现我们的方法实质上更接近真实的选举结果。平均而言,我们测量到SA与最终登记的选举结果相差6.3%,CC相差5.6%,而TA仅相差1.5%;这一差异转化为我们的TA方法的预测提高了约75%。由于我们的工作与社会网络微观时间动态的研究一致,我们发现了如何利用时间意识改进宏观预测的证据。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM)
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