D. Escorcia, D. Hernandez, Mario Sanchez, M. Benevente
The aim of this project was the design and set up of a pilot plant for chitin and proteins chemical recovery from shrimp shells and squat lobsters. The moisture content of the material and optimal experimental conditions of volume and concentration of the process reagents were determined. Additionally, a technical and economical analysis of production process was performed. The results showed that the raw material has high moisture content, between 68-80% wet basis, and the experimental conditions for chitin extraction depend strongly on the material characteristics. Under these conditions, recuperation of 98% for shrimp shells and approximately of 58% for squad lobster was obtained. On the other hand, the proteins recovery showed that the largest production occurs at pH 4.0 and using solutions from deproteination step without grinding of raw material. The technical study provided basic information about set up costs and operating process investment, and data about facilities and equipments related to productive process. The assessment revealed that an initial investment of US $ 10,520.94 for pilot plant set up and US $ 4,852.58 for transport and operating costs for six months must be done. Keywords: chemical method; chitin; pilot plant; proteins; shrimp shell; squat lobster.DOI: 10.5377/nexo.v22i2.42Nexo: Revista Cientifica Vol. 22, No. 02, pp.45-55/Diciembre 2009
{"title":"Diseño y montaje de una planta piloto para la extracción de quitina y proteínas","authors":"D. Escorcia, D. Hernandez, Mario Sanchez, M. Benevente","doi":"10.5377/NEXO.V22I2.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5377/NEXO.V22I2.42","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this project was the design and set up of a pilot plant for chitin and proteins chemical recovery from shrimp shells and squat lobsters. The moisture content of the material and optimal experimental conditions of volume and concentration of the process reagents were determined. Additionally, a technical and economical analysis of production process was performed. The results showed that the raw material has high moisture content, between 68-80% wet basis, and the experimental conditions for chitin extraction depend strongly on the material characteristics. Under these conditions, recuperation of 98% for shrimp shells and approximately of 58% for squad lobster was obtained. On the other hand, the proteins recovery showed that the largest production occurs at pH 4.0 and using solutions from deproteination step without grinding of raw material. The technical study provided basic information about set up costs and operating process investment, and data about facilities and equipments related to productive process. The assessment revealed that an initial investment of US $ 10,520.94 for pilot plant set up and US $ 4,852.58 for transport and operating costs for six months must be done. Keywords: chemical method; chitin; pilot plant; proteins; shrimp shell; squat lobster.DOI: 10.5377/nexo.v22i2.42Nexo: Revista Cientifica Vol. 22, No. 02, pp.45-55/Diciembre 2009","PeriodicalId":40344,"journal":{"name":"Nexo Revista Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research involved the design and implementation of a methodology for assessing the quality of the built environment in urban settlements. The methodology began with the establishment of the state of the art on the subject, emphasizing the conceptual aspects of sustainability as the highest aspiration to achieve in the evaluation of a settlement and determining the significant components of the problem to work. Subsequently characterized the existing system of urban settlements in Nicaragua and identified settlements under study. Typological classifications were identified existing urban human settlements in Nicaragua, which was completed by proposing a new way of grouping according to the structuring of components, allowing the selection of settlements where you applied the instrumental. The following evaluation methodology developed consists of the theoretical tools, the histograms of environmental assessment and parent assessment of quality. It ended the instrumental validation process designed to apply to four selected settlements, based on a sample of 5% of all settlements in the area of study selected. We evaluated the results, relating them to other area analysis, which enabled to demonstrate their effectiveness and efficiency. Keywords: urban human settlements, habitat urban built environment, environmental quality. DOI: 10.5377/nexo.v22i1.41 Nexo: Revista Cientifica Vol.22, No.01, pp.23-31/Agosto 2009
{"title":"Indicadores para la evaluación de la calidad ambiental del hábitat urbano","authors":"Á. Zúñiga","doi":"10.5377/NEXO.V22I1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5377/NEXO.V22I1.41","url":null,"abstract":"This research involved the design and implementation of a methodology for assessing the quality of the built environment in urban settlements. The methodology began with the establishment of the state of the art on the subject, emphasizing the conceptual aspects of sustainability as the highest aspiration to achieve in the evaluation of a settlement and determining the significant components of the problem to work. Subsequently characterized the existing system of urban settlements in Nicaragua and identified settlements under study. Typological classifications were identified existing urban human settlements in Nicaragua, which was completed by proposing a new way of grouping according to the structuring of components, allowing the selection of settlements where you applied the instrumental. The following evaluation methodology developed consists of the theoretical tools, the histograms of environmental assessment and parent assessment of quality. It ended the instrumental validation process designed to apply to four selected settlements, based on a sample of 5% of all settlements in the area of study selected. We evaluated the results, relating them to other area analysis, which enabled to demonstrate their effectiveness and efficiency. Keywords: urban human settlements, habitat urban built environment, environmental quality. DOI: 10.5377/nexo.v22i1.41 Nexo: Revista Cientifica Vol.22, No.01, pp.23-31/Agosto 2009","PeriodicalId":40344,"journal":{"name":"Nexo Revista Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El Lago Cocibolca merece atencion especial por ser una fuente importante de agua para el consumo humano. El rio Tepenaguasapa es una de sus subcuencas, que tiene entre otros problemas, la contaminacion con nutrientes. Para el estudio de este problema, fue necesario determinar la carga de nutrientes (Fosforo y Nitrogeno) procedentes de las subcuencas. La carga de Fosforo estimada fue de 24.33 t/ano y de Nitrogeno de 632.57 t/ano, para totalizar 656.89 t/ano, con un orden de importancia por su origen de: uso de suelo, precipitacion y escurrimiento artificial. El rio varia en su estado trofico con un gradiente de concentracion de nutrientes aguas arriba hacia aguas abajo. La carga de nutrientes es originada por la gran cantidad de area empleada para pasto y actividad ganadera extensiva, tierras de labranza, monocultivo, manejo de las aguas residuales, tala de arboles, ademas de ser una cuenca con abundante precipitacion y de gran tamano en comparacion con el espejo de agua. Palabras clave: fosforo; nitrogeno; actividad ganadera extensiva; carga de nutrientes; estado trofico. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v23i1.35 Nexo: Revista Cientifica Vol. 23, No. 01, pp.18-26/Mayo 2010
{"title":"Estimación de la carga de nutrientes procedentes de la cuenca de drenaje superficial del rio Tepenaguasapa","authors":"B. Morales, G. Chávez","doi":"10.5377/NEXO.V23I1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5377/NEXO.V23I1.35","url":null,"abstract":"El Lago Cocibolca merece atencion especial por ser una fuente importante de agua para el consumo humano. El rio Tepenaguasapa es una de sus subcuencas, que tiene entre otros problemas, la contaminacion con nutrientes. Para el estudio de este problema, fue necesario determinar la carga de nutrientes (Fosforo y Nitrogeno) procedentes de las subcuencas. La carga de Fosforo estimada fue de 24.33 t/ano y de Nitrogeno de 632.57 t/ano, para totalizar 656.89 t/ano, con un orden de importancia por su origen de: uso de suelo, precipitacion y escurrimiento artificial. El rio varia en su estado trofico con un gradiente de concentracion de nutrientes aguas arriba hacia aguas abajo. La carga de nutrientes es originada por la gran cantidad de area empleada para pasto y actividad ganadera extensiva, tierras de labranza, monocultivo, manejo de las aguas residuales, tala de arboles, ademas de ser una cuenca con abundante precipitacion y de gran tamano en comparacion con el espejo de agua. \u0000Palabras clave: fosforo; nitrogeno; actividad ganadera extensiva; carga de nutrientes; estado trofico. \u0000 \u0000DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v23i1.35 \u0000 \u0000Nexo: Revista Cientifica Vol. 23, No. 01, pp.18-26/Mayo 2010","PeriodicalId":40344,"journal":{"name":"Nexo Revista Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Al implementar y desarrollar proyectos con intervencion en los recursos naturales los cuales presentan problemas de uso y escasez, normalmente existe competencia entre usuarios y portadores de interes. La Gestion Integral de los Recursos Hidricos, promueve el uso, desarrollo y seguimiento coordinado del recurso e integra el enfoque de involucramiento de actores claves. En la ejecucion del Proyecto TwinLatin (Hermanamiento de Cuencas) se retoma el concepto de participacion ciudadana y la cual se aplico durante todas las fases de la investigacion. Asimismo se desarrollaron metodos cualitativos, tales como diagnosticos, talleres, entrevistas y conversatorios. Involucrando activamente en diferentes niveles a los actores que tienen incidencia en la proteccion de la cuenca. Palabras claves: Gestion integral; recursos hidricos; involucramiento; actores; participacion ciudadana. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v23i1.36 Nexo: Revista Cientifica Vol. 23, No. 01, pp.27-32/Mayo 2010
{"title":"Aplicación del concepto de participación ciudadana y su impacto en la gestión integral de los recursos hídricos. Caso cuenca del lago Cocibolca","authors":"S. Espinal","doi":"10.5377/NEXO.V23I1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5377/NEXO.V23I1.36","url":null,"abstract":"Al implementar y desarrollar proyectos con intervencion en los recursos naturales los cuales presentan problemas de uso y escasez, normalmente existe competencia entre usuarios y portadores de interes. La Gestion Integral de los Recursos Hidricos, promueve el uso, desarrollo y seguimiento coordinado del recurso e integra el enfoque de involucramiento de actores claves. En la ejecucion del Proyecto TwinLatin (Hermanamiento de Cuencas) se retoma el concepto de participacion ciudadana y la cual se aplico durante todas las fases de la investigacion. Asimismo se desarrollaron metodos cualitativos, tales como diagnosticos, talleres, entrevistas y conversatorios. Involucrando activamente en diferentes niveles a los actores que tienen incidencia en la proteccion de la cuenca. \u0000Palabras claves: Gestion integral; recursos hidricos; involucramiento; actores; participacion ciudadana. \u0000 \u0000DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v23i1.36 \u0000 \u0000Nexo: Revista Cientifica Vol. 23, No. 01, pp.27-32/Mayo 2010","PeriodicalId":40344,"journal":{"name":"Nexo Revista Cientifica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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