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Innovación tecnológica: dispositivo para el rodillado, en tornos horizontales, de los muñones de ejes. 技术创新:在卧式车床上轧制主轴的装置。
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2012-09-03 DOI: 10.5377/NEXO.V25I1.794
Luis Orlando Martín Carvajal, A. G. Domínguez
The design consists of a device, adapted to a horizontal lathe, for the surface plastic deformation using a roller for refurbishing damaged shafts in the core of the product by friction during operation. These are shafts working under conditions of high contamination by dirt and low speeds to endure high loads, in contact with sliding bearings lubricated by splashes. After two or three years of work they have to be withdrawn from operation due to the high deterioration of the stumps, while internally they have no symptoms of fatigue. After applying the surface treatment to the shaft, the for symptoms of deterioration appear during a period of time which is twice, respect the normal one. The device was designed, manufactured and put into operation adapted to the horizontal lathe. The device was implemented in the recuperation of the axels for the cage cars in the railway transportation of sugar cane. It guarantees the quality of the surface finish and the wear resistance, without affecting railway safety requirements. Key words: rolling of cylindrical surfaces; surface plastic deformation.
该设计包括一个装置,适用于卧式车床,用于表面塑性变形,使用滚轮在运行过程中摩擦修复产品核心损坏的轴。这些轴在高污染的条件下工作,低速承受高负荷,与滑动轴承接触,由飞溅润滑。经过两三年的工作后,由于树桩的高度退化,他们不得不退出操作,而内部他们没有疲劳的症状。对轴进行表面处理后,在一段时间内出现两倍的变质症状,尊重正常。该装置是为适应卧式车床而设计、制造并投入使用的。该装置应用于甘蔗铁路运输笼车轴的回收。保证了表面光洁度和耐磨性,不影响铁路安全要求。关键词:圆柱面轧制;表面塑性变形。
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引用次数: 0
Digitalización del entorno a partir de un LIDAR HDL-64E 使用HDL-64E激光雷达对环境进行数字化
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2012-09-03 DOI: 10.5377/NEXO.V25I1.795
Denis Eduardo Hernández García, José de Jesús López Jiménez, J. G. Barbosa, J. B. H. Ramos, F. J. O. Rodríguez, Ricardo González Barbosa
This paper proposes a map building system for an autonomous vehicle equipped with LIDAR technology, capable to obtain more than one million points per second. This paper proposes a Fast Local Map building Approach (LM) that it is use for autonomous local navigation, and construction of Global Map (GM) 2D and 3D for modeling the whole environment crossed by the vehicle. During the process of the global map building, we estimate the location of the vehicle with respect to its initial position. Keywords: 2D map building, 3D map building, localization.
本文提出了一种用于配备激光雷达技术的自动驾驶汽车的地图构建系统,该系统每秒可以获得超过一百万个点。本文提出了一种用于自主局部导航的快速局部地图构建方法(LM),以及用于对车辆所经过的整个环境进行建模的2D和3D全局地图构建方法(GM)。在构建全局地图的过程中,我们根据初始位置估计车辆的位置。关键词:二维地图构建,三维地图构建,定位。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnóstico de Procesos Previos a la Aplicación de la Manufactura Esbelta 执行前的诊断流程制造Esbelta
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2012-09-03 DOI: 10.5377/NEXO.V25I1.792
Yolanda Juárez López, A. Rojas, Jorge Armando Rojas Ramirez
In implementing a solution guide for manufacturing problems such as an unsatisfied demand, a previous diagnosis is necessary. In this paper we describe how this was developed for the case of railroad material enterprises at the Mexican State of Hidalgo. The phases considered are: the description of the system under study, the capture and assess of the system performance, the definition of the observed problems, and its association with the causes generating them. As the performance evaluating criteria the Lean Production paradigm, originated in Japan, has been selected, due to its adequacy to the case because of its focus in process waste reduction and participative problem solving. For this case, the wastes to cope with are the long set-up times, the high rate of bad products, and the lack of adequate equipment maintenance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v25i1.792 Nexo Revista Cientifica,Vol. 25, No. 01, pp.09-17/Junio 2012
在实施制造问题(如未满足的需求)的解决方案指南时,必须进行先前的诊断。在本文中,我们描述了这是如何在墨西哥伊达尔戈州的铁路材料企业的情况下发展起来的。所考虑的阶段是:所研究的系统的描述,系统性能的捕获和评估,观察到的问题的定义,以及它与产生它们的原因的关联。起源于日本的精益生产模式作为绩效评价标准,由于其注重减少过程浪费和参与式问题解决,因此适合于案例。在这种情况下,需要处理的浪费是设置时间长,不良产品率高,以及缺乏足够的设备维护。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v25i1.792 Nexo科学回顾,卷。25, No. 01, pp.09-17/Junio 2012
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引用次数: 1
El costo de capital y su incidencia en los métodos de flujo de caja descontados 资本成本及其对折现现金流法的影响
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2012-09-03 DOI: 10.5377/NEXO.V25I1.793
J. Medina, G. Pérez
A techno-economic feasibility study in any branch of engineering or any kind of business involves knowing a measure of the investment profitability. Currently, no one discuss that for a solid basis decision making it should be used discounted cash flow (DCF), despite the persistence of a widespread forms (i.e. payback period, benefit / cost). The objective of this paper is to analyze, critically, the relevance of the methods used to make comparisons between mutually exclusive projects as well as suggest alternative ways of analysis that consider the impact of different rates of capital cost and constrain the decision in an appropriate way. The proposal presented here allows exclusive alternatives ordering with an approach that include a more complete view on the problem. The most interesting result is related to the sensitivity of the methods on the inherent decision variables involved in them. Keywords: DCF; cost of capital; mutually exclusive alternatives; project profitability
在任何工程部门或任何商业领域进行技术经济可行性研究都需要了解投资盈利能力的衡量标准。目前,没有人讨论,对于一个坚实的基础决策,它应该使用贴现现金流(DCF),尽管持续广泛的形式(即回收期,收益/成本)。本文的目的是批判性地分析用于在互斥项目之间进行比较的方法的相关性,并建议考虑不同资本成本率影响的替代分析方法,并以适当的方式约束决策。这里提出的建议允许使用包含对问题的更完整视图的方法进行排他性排序。最有趣的结果与方法对所涉及的固有决策变量的敏感性有关。关键词:贴现;资金成本;互斥的替代方案;项目盈利能力
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引用次数: 0
Caracterización de la vegetación arbórea y arbustiva con potencial de servicios ambientales, al este del lago de Nicaragua 林木定性为arbustiva环境服务的潜力,尼加拉瓜湖的东
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2012-08-23 DOI: 10.5377/NEXO.V25I1.782
S. Gámez, Estanislao Salazar Quiroz
This study was carried out east of Lake Nicaragua. To identify remaining areas of forest with high potential for environmental service. Six fragments of vegetation were selected. Within each fragment was identified representative vegetation, and here was established a temporal measurement plot (10,000 m 2 ). Was taken information from species and diameter measured at breast height (DBH) for all individuals with a diameter greater than 2.5 cm. The variables studied were: Diversity, use and management of forest, carbon stocks. Simpson and Shannon-Wiener indices agree that fragment 3 is the most diverse presenting 21 families, 25 genera and 30 species. Forest areas provide various environmental services. Biodiversity indices suggest that most of these fragments harbor an important diversity of species of trees and shrubs. Keywods: diversity, environmental, forest, Lake, Nicaragua
这项研究是在尼加拉瓜湖以东进行的。确定具有环境服务潜力的剩余森林地区。选取了6个植被片段。在每个片段中识别出具有代表性的植被,并在此建立了一个时间测量地块(10,000 m2)。对所有直径大于2.5 cm的个体,从种类和胸高(DBH)测量的直径中获取信息。研究的变量包括:多样性、森林利用和管理、碳储量。Simpson和Shannon-Wiener指数一致认为,片段3的多样性最大,共有21科25属30种。林区提供各种环境服务。生物多样性指数表明,这些破碎区大多具有重要的乔灌木物种多样性。关键词:多样性,环境,森林,湖泊,尼加拉瓜
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引用次数: 0
Asentamientos poblacionales periféricos más seguros. Instrumental para el diseño y evaluación de la calidad ambiental 周边人口定居点更安全。环境质量设计与评价工具
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2012-06-28 DOI: 10.5377/NEXO.V24I2.659
Fredy del Pozo Gómez, Graciela Gómez Ortega
The vulnerability of settlement before any situation and territorial scope, is a concern, due inter alia to their strong influence on the development policies of management to disaster or adverse external events affecting the normal development of the people; Summary to diagnose the environmental quality of urbanization in a discrete space, as it is the case of the peripheral housing estates, allows analyze those factors that influence the vulnerability of these and make recommendations for implementing environmental policies that mitigate the risks. On the basis of that vulnerability is a dynamic concept that examines the risk factors, continues an instrumental for environmental assessment of settlements population peripherals (APP), in particular the conditions of the city Santiago de Cuba, where it has considered this component in its evaluative indicators. You expose instrumentation reference and his categorical system: variable, subvariables, evaluative parameters and scale of values, which is the essence of the instrumental designed theorist; likewise are histograms and arrays that comprise the instrumental assessment workshop. It will serve to assess settlements in operation and for the design of new ones, and can be generalized to other territories. Key words: Peripheral population settlements; environmental quality; vulnerability
住区在任何局势和领土范围之前的脆弱性是一个令人关切的问题,因为除其他外,住区对管理灾害或影响人民正常发展的不利外部事件的发展政策有很大影响;摘要:诊断离散空间中城市化的环境质量,如外围住宅区的情况,可以分析影响这些脆弱性的因素,并为实施减轻风险的环境政策提出建议。在这种脆弱性的基础上,有一个动态的概念,它审查了危险因素,继续成为住区人口外围环境评估的工具,特别是古巴圣地亚哥市的条件,它在其评价指标中考虑了这一组成部分。你揭示了仪器参考和他的分类系统:变量、子变量、评价参数和价值量表,这是仪器设计理论家的本质;同样,直方图和阵列组成了工具评估车间。它将有助于评价正在运作的住区和设计新的住区,并可推广到其他领土。关键词:周边人口聚落;环境质量;脆弱性
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引用次数: 0
El producto distribucional de (fórmula) (公式)的分配乘积
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2012-06-28 DOI: 10.5377/NEXO.V24I2.661
M. A. Aguirre, Marta García
En este articulo se le da un sentido al producto distribucional entre (formula) y (formula) usando la transformada de Fouriere de  Como consecuencia se obtienen este producto multiplicativo por medio de una serie de derivadas de la delta de Dirac en  En particular se obtiene el producto multiplicativo (formula)  (ver formula (21)) Palabras claves: Distribuciones; producto de distribuciones; delta de Dirac.
此跟进了一个收益distribucional(提出)至(提出)由于使用Fouriere不免有这种产品通过一系列multiplicativo delta所致办公室特别是在获得收益multiplicativo提出(见了(21)关键字:分布;分布产品;狄拉克delta。
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引用次数: 0
Aislamiento e identificación de microorganismos en biopelículas provenientes del Castillo de Chapultepec, Ciudad de México. 墨西哥城查普尔特佩克城堡生物膜中微生物的分离与鉴定。
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2012-06-28 DOI: 10.5377/NEXO.V24I2.656
L. Aguilera, J. A. N. Zapata, E. D. L. Cruz
Today microbiology is based on pure cultures and separate microorganisms, pure cultures really do not exist in nature, because that microorganism are combined into large colonies slimy (biofilms) in which the various individuals establish relationships and dependencies. Only in the United State of America is estimated that biofilms cause billions of dollars in energy losses, equipment damage, product contamination and medical infections. This paper presents the results of the isolation of microorganisms by microbiological and molecular methods, from biofilms located in the Castle of Chapultepec in Mexico City. In the biofilm coexist different genres of filamentous fungi such as Cladosporium, Mucor, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Rhodotorula and others in those biofilms; besides bacterial genera as Bacillus, Pantoea, Kokuria, etc. Many of these microbial genera have been widely reported as a participating in biodeterioration processes to monuments and others are reported as contributing to its restoration, so this work opens the door to future researches that allow biological restoration of monuments, conservation and development of new biotechnological processes. Keywords: Microbiology; pure cultures; biofilms; isolation of microorganism; microbiological methods; biodeterioration processes.
今天的微生物学是建立在纯培养物和分离微生物的基础上的,纯培养物在自然界中是不存在的,因为微生物被组合成大的菌落粘稠的(生物膜),各种个体在其中建立关系和依赖关系。据估计,仅在美利坚合众国,生物膜就造成数十亿美元的能源损失、设备损坏、产品污染和医疗感染。本文介绍了用微生物学和分子学方法从墨西哥城查普尔特佩克城堡的生物膜中分离微生物的结果。生物膜中存在着枝孢菌(Cladosporium)、毛霉菌(Mucor)、赤霉菌(Alternaria)、曲霉菌(Aspergillus)、Aureobasidium、Rhodotorula等不同类型的丝状真菌;除芽孢杆菌属、泛菌属、果菌属等细菌外。这些微生物中有许多已被广泛报道参与了古迹的生物退化过程,而另一些则被报道为古迹的恢复做出了贡献,因此这项工作为未来的研究打开了大门,允许古迹的生物修复,保护和开发新的生物技术过程。关键词:微生物学;纯粹的文化;生物膜;微生物的分离;微生物方法;生物腐蚀过程。
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引用次数: 7
Interfaz Gráfica Computacional para Destilación Multicomponente utilizando Métodos Cortos 使用短方法的多组分蒸馏计算图形界面
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2012-06-28 DOI: 10.5377/NEXO.V24I2.660
A. O. Mirón, G. D. Hernández, I. Bazan, G. E. G. Landero, L. Bazán, E. H. Aguilar
In this work, we developed a graphical interface that determines by steady-state simulation the number of plates required for multicomponent distillation process and the composition of distillate and bottoms flow of a distillation tower using short-cut methods. The graphical user interface was built in the programming language Python 2.5, allows to present the input and output data for the case of distillation columns operating in steady state. The results of using the graphical interface shows a simple way to make preliminary designs of distillation towers and its potential as support material for the study and understanding of basic concepts in multicomponent distillation. In a later work it will can display the dynamic model performance through scheduled disturbances in operating conditions.
在这项工作中,我们开发了一个图形界面,通过稳态模拟来确定多组分蒸馏过程所需的板数,以及馏分的组成和精馏塔底部流动的捷径方法。图形用户界面是用编程语言Python 2.5构建的,允许呈现蒸馏塔在稳定状态下运行的输入和输出数据。使用图形界面的结果显示了一种简单的方法来初步设计蒸馏塔和它的潜力作为支持材料的研究和理解多组分蒸馏的基本概念。在以后的工作中,它可以通过在运行条件下的预定扰动来显示动态模型的性能。
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引用次数: 1
Morteros a base de vidrio de desecho/escoria de alto horno; activación mecanoquímica del vidrio en soluciones alcalinas. 以废玻璃/高炉渣为基础的砂浆;玻璃在碱性溶液中的机械化学活化。
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2012-06-28 DOI: 10.5377/NEXO.V24I2.657
L. Espinoza, I. García
Composite cements of Blast Furnace Slag (EAH) and Waste Glass (WG) were investigated. A fraction WG was subjected to mechanochemical activation aiming to solubilize its SiO4 to obtain solutions of sodium silicate (SS) with silica modulus greater than zero to improve the compressive strength of the cements. With the solutions obtained by AMQ, composites of 0 to 100% WG were prepared, and as referred to cements 100% BFS with standard alkaline activation. The strength of the latter decreased after increasing the Na2O content and decreased when the curing temperature was increased to 60oC. In contrast, 100% WG cements required very aggressive chemical activation conditions (12% Na2O at 60°C) to obtain good mechanical properties. The composites with 25 and 50% WG required activation conditions similar to those 100% EAH cements, while those cements with 75% WG required activation conditions similar to those of 100% WG.Keywords: waste glass, blast furnace slag, mechanochemical activation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v24i2.657
研究了高炉矿渣(EAH)与废玻璃(WG)的复合水泥。对WG组分进行机械化学活化,使其SiO4溶解,得到硅模量大于零的水玻璃溶液,以提高水泥的抗压强度。用AMQ得到的溶液制备0 ~ 100% WG的复合材料,即标准碱性活化的100% BFS水泥。随着Na2O含量的增加,后者的强度下降,当养护温度提高到60℃时强度下降。相比之下,100% WG水泥需要非常强的化学活化条件(12% Na2O, 60°C)才能获得良好的机械性能。含有25%和50% WG的复合材料所需的活化条件与100% EAH水泥相似,而含有75% WG的水泥所需的活化条件与100% WG相似。关键词:废玻璃,高炉矿渣,机械化学活化。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v24i2.657
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引用次数: 4
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Nexo Revista Cientifica
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