Journal of Austrian Studies最新文献

{"title":"Historicizing Invalids in the Early Modern Habsburg Monarchy: A Dis/ability History Approach","authors":"Julia Heinemann","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, European rulers established several new measures to support soldiers with disabilities. The term <i>invalid</i> was introduced to designate the men considered worthy of support. The article investigates the case of the Habsburg Monarchy through the lens of dis/ability history: it historicizes the making of invalids as a process connected to shifting concepts of dis/ability, military labor, gender, and the state. The analysis of early modern imperial decrees shows a valorization of disabled soldiers: distinctions between fitness and unfitness to serve, between invalids and other people with disabilities, and between invalids and \"mutilants\" were central to this process. \"Invalidity\" was thus intertwined with gendered notions of military honor, cameralist concepts of labor and utility, and a specific form of state formation and patriotism in the Habsburg Monarchy.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Die Sprachenvielfalt in der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee (1867–1918) by Tamara Scheer (review)","authors":"Joseph W. Moser","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914880","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Die Sprachenvielfalt in der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee (1867–1918)&lt;/em&gt; by Tamara Scheer &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Joseph W. Moser &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Tamara Scheer, &lt;em&gt;Die Sprachenvielfalt in der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee (1867–1918)&lt;/em&gt;. Vienna: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, 2022. 432 pp. &lt;p&gt;From the period of the &lt;em&gt;Ausgleich&lt;/em&gt; in 1867 until the end of World War I in 1918, the Austro-Hungarian army was the most unifying institution in a monarchy that was disintegrating with the rise of nationalism. Tamara Scheer examines the diversity of languages in the army, but even more than this, her book &lt;em&gt;Die Sprachenvielfalt in der österreichisch-ungarischen Armee (1867–1918)&lt;/em&gt; demonstrates how the army attempted to provide linguistic equity and thus rally military conscripts behind their country and monarch. Obviously, this was not an easy task, and the reality proved to be more challenging with German remaining the unequally powerful language in the institution.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The language problem was new to the Habsburg armed forces. In the eighteenth century, there was a professional army, and officers could be commissioned from abroad, so the dominant language was often French. Latin was the language of official written communication in Hungary. In the nineteenth century, many of the languages of the empire were finally codified and demanded equality alongside the more established Western European languages. The introduction of military conscription also assured that all the languages of the empire were represented among the soldiers.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Scheer writes that the German language had the upper hand for practical reasons, and this was not necessarily a function of German nationalism (nor would it have been a beneficial strategy for maintaining the monarchy). The army regularly documented the language skills of its members, soldiers, &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 105]&lt;/strong&gt; and officers at all ranks. Bilingual and polyglot speakers were often counted more than once, raising the numbers of German speakers vis-à-vis those who could speak Ruthenian, for example. NCOs who trained incoming soldiers were expected to know one imperial language beyond their native language, so that they could serve regiments with more than one language. Regiments could have more than one language in Austria if they had at least 20 percent of speakers in a particular language. Not every NCO was able to learn another language, and the army often turned a blind eye to those who did not achieve required levels of proficiency, sometimes simply reassigning them to another part of the empire, where their linguistic skills could be better matched. There were also many cases in which NCOs were denied promotion until they acquired the necessary language skills.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This book provides many examples of when and where the diversi","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Romani Activism and Postmigration Experiences in Contemporary Austria","authors":"Sabrina Steindl-Kopf, Sanda Üllen","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>Notwithstanding the historical continuity and diversity of Romani migration to Austria, much migration literature discusses Romani migration as a \"separate or marginal case,\" reproducing the image of Roma as the \"European Other.\" As such, Roma are confronted with specific forms of discrimination and marginalization. Despite this, Romani migrants use their post-migration experiences to challenge hegemonic discourses on integration. The article discusses Romani migration as an inclusive part of Austrian migration history, providing an insight into the multilayered experiences of a particular group of migrants who are usually portrayed in a two-dimensional manner in Austrian politics and media.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeling(s) Caught Between the Austrian First Republic and Fascism","authors":"Britta McEwen","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>What if fascism were a feeling <i>first</i> and only later a category of political history? The history of emotions offers scholars of Austria a unique lens with which to assess and explore the <i>Ständestaat</i> period (1933/34–1938) in a way that decenters terminology and instead questions affective economies. This article argues that Austrian para-fascism might better be understood through the emotional regimes, communities, and frontiers created in the 1930s.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jenseits von Soliman: Afrikanische Migration und Communitybuilding in Österreich—Eine Geschichte by Walter Sauer (review)","authors":"Tim Corbett","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914891","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Jenseits von Soliman: Afrikanische Migration und Communitybuilding in Österreich—Eine Geschichte&lt;/em&gt; by Walter Sauer &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Tim Corbett &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Walter Sauer, &lt;em&gt;Jenseits von Soliman: Afrikanische Migration und Communitybuilding in Österreich—Eine Geschichte&lt;/em&gt;. Mit einem Beitrag von Vanessa Spanbauer. Innsbruck: Studienverlag, 2022. 272 pp. &lt;p&gt;June 4, 2020, was a watershed moment in recent Austrian history, as an estimated fifty thousand Viennese citizens of all backgrounds took to the streets to demonstrate against racism under the banner of the \"Black Lives Matter\" movement. Walter Sauer's new monograph, &lt;em&gt;Jenseits von Soliman&lt;/em&gt;, is thus a timely contribution. Commissioned by the Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Wien, it offers a comprehensive overview of the history of people of African descent in the territory of present-day Austria, thereby making a substantial contribution to increasing the visibility of black histories in Austria and integrating them into mainstream historiography.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sauer's work is remarkable for both its thoroughness and its brevity. While the author manages to cover the topic in remarkable detail in only two hundred pages of analysis, the fifty-page bibliography attests to the profound depth of his research on the topic in both its theoretical and empirical dimensions—notably, this is not his first venture into the field, as Sauer already made a name for himself as a pioneer in the study of Austrian colonialism and black Austrian history beginning in the 1990s. His findings will presumably strike most readers as nothing short of astounding, beginning with the fact that the first people of African descent to make their way to the present-day territory of Austria did so already in the era of classical antiquity. They moreover did not come as slaves, servants, or otherwise \"racially\" subjugated individuals but as elite soldiers of the Roman Empire, tasked, ironically, with defending the imperial borderlands against invaders who in modern terms would be classified as \"white.\"&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Indeed, Sauer's account of black history in Austria proceeds from the &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 133]&lt;/strong&gt; insightful premise—echoing the views of black scholars in Europe and Africa—that present-day discourses on global black histories are problematically dominated by African American narratives, which do not necessarily or readily translate to other contexts. This premise is distinctly borne out in the analysis of black histories in Austria from antiquity to the present day that follow. This point is especially pertinent for US readers in Austrian studies, who are thereby exhorted to reappraise their assumptions about the appertaining debates and to receive this in many respects Austria-specific history with fresh eyes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The work is divided into seven ","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Stories of Children of Black US Occupation Soldiers and Austrian Women","authors":"Philipp Rohrbach","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>This article focuses on a key chapter of contemporary Black Austrian history, namely the life stories of those individuals who were born to Black US soldiers and White Austrian women between 1945 and 1956. It offers a brief overview of the social conditions in which these persons were born, discussing how the mothers met the fathers, the conditions in which the children grew up, and their often long and difficult search for a usable identity. In the concluding section the article briefly surveys the work conducted in the field to date in order to discern the lacunae that require attention in future research.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Das Opfer der Lebendigkeit: Devitalisierung und Melancholie im Erzählwerk Theodor Storms, Thomas Manns und Franz Kafkas by Christian Neumann (review)","authors":"Pamela S. Saur","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914883","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Das Opfer der Lebendigkeit: Devitalisierung und Melancholie im Erzählwerk Theodor Storms, Thomas Manns und Franz Kafkas&lt;/em&gt; by Christian Neumann &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Pamela S. Saur &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Christian Neumann, &lt;em&gt;Das Opfer der Lebendigkeit: Devitalisierung und Melancholie im Erzählwerk Theodor Storms, Thomas Manns und Franz Kafkas&lt;/em&gt;. Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann, 2023. 362 pp. &lt;p&gt;Christian Neumann's detailed and extensively researched 2023 study &lt;em&gt;Das Opfer der Lebendigkeit&lt;/em&gt; addresses \"devitalization\" and \"melancholy\" in literary characters created by the three canonical German-language authors Theodor Storm (1817–1888), Thomas Mann (1875–1955), and Franz Kafka (1883–1924); of the three, the latter author is of primary interest to readers of this journal. Neumann discusses the passivity of several of Storm's male protagonists, asserting that they \"verlieren meist mit dem Scheitern ihrer Lebensentwürfe ihre innere Lebendigkeit und haben zugleich entscheidenden Anteil an der Devitalisierung\" (10). In another key sentence Neumann writes, \"Auch im Erzählwerk Thomas Manns ist der Verlust innerer Lebendigkeit ein zentrales Thema, insbesondere in den Romanen und Erzählungen, die das Schicksal von Künstlerfiguren in den Blick nehmen\" (11). Neumann draws Kafka into the discussion in this passage: \"Auch an Kafka fühlt man sich erinnert, wenn [sociologist Hans Rosa] von der Taubheit in der Beziehung zwischen Selbst und Welt spricht: 'Die Vorstellung, daβ wir in die Welt hinausrufen und auf eine Antwort warten, die wir vielleicht niemals erhalten werden', ist nicht nur eine Kernidee moderner Entfremdungstheorien, sondern charakterisiert Kafkas literarisches Universum ebenso wie existentialistische Konzeptionen des Absurden\" (20). Of course, researchers must use their own judgment in evaluating Neumann's and other references, including many interpretations grouping or comparing Kafka's works with others, a technique seen here in Neumann's productive associations of Kafka and the two non-Austrian German-language writers.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The segment on Kafka is about a hundred pages long, certainly a small fraction of the many thousands dedicated to his life and writings over the decades. Here, Neumann discusses what are perhaps Kafka's best-known literary &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 113]&lt;/strong&gt; creations, namely &lt;em&gt;Der Brief an den Vater, Das Urteil, Die Verwandlung&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Der Prozess&lt;/em&gt;. This selection would provide students or book clubs with a fine sampling of important works by Kafka, whether viewed as Austrian, German, European, modernist, or simply \"Kafkaesque.\" The vast field of Kafka studies seems to be generally accepted and appreciated, although at times one might question the originality, occasional triviality, and possibly repetitious nature of so many interpretations. Apparen","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friderike >Zweig<. Weibliche Intellektualität im frühen 20. Jahrhundert by Deborah Holmes und Martina Wörgötter (review)","authors":"Peter Höyng","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914885","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Friderike &gt;Zweig&lt;. Weibliche Intellektualität im frühen 20. Jahrhundert&lt;/em&gt; by Deborah Holmes und Martina Wörgötter &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Peter Höyng &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Deborah Holmes und Martina Wörgötter, Hrsg. &lt;em&gt;Friderike &gt;Zweig&lt;. Weibliche Intellektualität im frühen 20. Jahrhundert&lt;/em&gt;. Schriftenreihe des Stefan Zweig Zentrums Salzburg 15. Würzburg: Königshausen &amp; Neumann, 2023. 167 S. &lt;p&gt;Diesen Sammelband zu rezensieren, leitete sich anfangs aus meinem Interesse, mehr über Stefan Zweig—noch immer auflagenstarker österreichischer Weltautor—auf dem Umweg seiner ersten Frau, Friderike Maria Zweig (1882–1971), zu lernen. Meine Neugier speiste sich nicht zuletzt durch Ulrich Weinzierls Biographie &lt;em&gt;Stefan Zweigs brennendes Geheimnis&lt;/em&gt; (2015), in der er weniger philologisch als detektivisch nachzuweisen versuchte, dass Zweig ein Exhibitionist gewesen sei. Zweigs skandalöse Verfehlung spiegele nur wider, wie sehr die von ihm allgemein gehaltene Darstellung einer sexuellen Doppelmoral des Wiener Fin de Siècle in seinen Memoiren &lt;em&gt;Die Welt von Gestern&lt;/em&gt; (1942) sein eigenes erotisch-sexuelles Leben mitprägte. Für Weinzierl gab es auch eine Schuldige in dem Vertuschen von Zweigs vermeintlich sexueller Vorliebe, nämlich seine erste Frau, Friderike Zweig, geborene Burger. Kennengelernt hatten sich die beiden 1912, als Friderike noch mit Felix Edler von Winternitz verheiratet war. 1920 heiratete Friderike dann Stefan Zweig, und auch nach ihrer Scheidung 1938 blieb sie dem erfolgsverwöhnten Autor als Lebensgefährtin verbunden. Darüber hinaus verwaltete sie als Witwe im US-Exil einen wichtigen Teil seines Nachlasses, inklusive ihrer beiden rund 1,300 Briefe, \"von denen bislang weniger als &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 117]&lt;/strong&gt; die Hälfte publiziert worden ist\" (8). Und Friderike Zweig war es auch, die 1947 die erste Biographie schrieb, &lt;em&gt;Stefan Zweig. Wie ich ihn erlebte&lt;/em&gt;. Dementsprechend galt sie lange Zeit innerhalb der Stefan Zweig-Forschung als wichtige Quelle, nicht zuletzt auch wegen ihrer eigenen Memoiren, &lt;em&gt;Spiegelungen des Lebens&lt;/em&gt; (1964). Doch in Weinzierls Biographie mutierte Friderike Zweig gleichsam zu einer Königin der Nacht, die \"von Anfang ihrer Beziehung aus egoistischem Geltungsbedürfnis vom Glanz des berühmten Schriftstellers zu profitieren versuchte\" (8). Entsprechend pejorativ wurden auch von Weinzierl und anderen Literaturwissenschaftlern ihre eigenen vier schriftstellerischen Arbeiten rezipiert: &lt;em&gt;Die Liebe ist die Gefahr der Einsamsten&lt;/em&gt; (1904), &lt;em&gt;Der Ruf der Heimat&lt;/em&gt; (1914), &lt;em&gt;Vögelchen&lt;/em&gt; (1919) und &lt;em&gt;Louis Pasteur. Bild des Lebens und des Werkes&lt;/em&gt; (1939).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Umso begrüßenswerter ist der von Deborah Holmes und Martina Wörgötter sorgfältig betreute Tagungsband, dessen erklärtes Ziel es ist, Friderike Zweigs \"Potential im Kon","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rain of Ash: Roma, Jews, and the Holocaust by Ari Joskowicz (review)","authors":"Natasza Gawlick","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914888","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Rain of Ash: Roma, Jews, and the Holocaust&lt;/em&gt; by Ari Joskowicz &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Natasza Gawlick &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Ari Joskowicz, &lt;em&gt;Rain of Ash: Roma, Jews, and the Holocaust&lt;/em&gt;. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2023. 351 pp. &lt;p&gt;In his incisive monograph, &lt;em&gt;Rain of Ash: Roma, Jews, and the Holocaust&lt;/em&gt;, published by Princeton UP in 2023, Ari Joskowicz explores the related experiences of Jews and Roma within the context of the Holocaust, with a particular focus on institutions that play a role in justice, representation, and advocacy. Over the course of six chapters (not including the introduction), Joskowicz traces the simultaneously distinct and intertwined fates of Roma and Jews before, during, and after the Holocaust. As the author states in his preface, this is not a book on memory, nor a book based on his Jewish ancestors' legacy (xi). Rather, Joskowicz is sensitive to issues of self-representation and the differing levels of recognition given to various victim groups by investigating the following questions: How do we know about the suffering of others? What role do institutions (and individuals), political entities, financial means, and testimonies play in the production of knowledge, history, and memory?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Joskowicz approaches these questions by discussing specific examples of Roma-Jewish relations, interactions, or observations in each of his chapters. Following the introduction, which naturally lays out the text's purpose and fundamental inquiry, the first chapter centers on the convergence of oppressive measures and treatment perpetrated against Roma and Jews through the 1930s and into the early years of the war. These parallel experiences of violence and injustice include mass shootings committed by &lt;em&gt;Einsatzgruppen&lt;/em&gt;, special killing squads, deportation to labor camps, and confinement in ghettos. Joskowicz effectively demonstrates both the intersections and diverse nature of experiences faced by Sinti and Roma during this time. He cites a long pattern of anti-Romani policing that contributed to a lack of attention devoted to the imprisonment and policies against Romani people in postwar historiography. Conversely, the violence against Jews signaled a distinct shift in treatment that dominated the focus of postwar Holocaust studies. Despite this reference to the widespread existence of anti-Romani policing in Europe, no further examples or context of pre-1930 anti-Roma policies or initiatives are provided in the text or in the footnotes. Including these could have provided readers important context and justification for the more \"accepted\" marginalization of Roma leading up to 1939.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Chronologically and thematically organized, the chapters in &lt;em&gt;Rain of Ash&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 126]&lt;/strong&gt; each focus on aspects that influenced postwar historiography a","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and Cultural Narratives of Aging Masculinities in Austria","authors":"Nicole Haring, Roberta Maierhofer, Barbara Zach","doi":"10.1353/oas.2023.a914873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>This paper summarizes findings from the Austrian research team of the <i>MascAge</i> Project involving online focus groups with Austrian men aged 65 and over and a case study in literary and cultural studies in the form of an analysis of David Schalko's novel <i>Bad Regina</i> (2021). Both analyses suggest that negotiations of (declining) power are central to understanding cultural and social constructions of aging masculinities in Austria in the early 2020s. This paper provides an insight into an interdisciplinary endeavor on current dimensions of aging men in Austria that contributes to a better understanding of current debates in Austrian Studies.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":40350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Austrian Studies","volume":"33 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}