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Poe in Europe: Recent French Criticism 爱伦·坡在欧洲:近代法国批评
4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN Pub Date : 2009-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/J.1754-6095.1978.TB00290.X
Patrick F. Quinn
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引用次数: 0
When Is Now?: Poe’s Aesthetics of Temporality 现在是什么时候?:坡的时间性美学
4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN Pub Date : 2008-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1754-6095.2008.00005.X
C. Weinstein
T ime is an essential component in The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym. Augustus’s watch runs down and his father’s chronometer goes missing. The passage of days, hours, and minutes occupies a great deal of narrative space and anxious speculation. The narrative even assumes the form of a log with its explicit demarcation of months and dates. But time’s presence runs deeper than even these instances suggest, as my epigraph from Pym intimates and as this essay will show.1 Adverbs designating the passage of time, such as “after” and “at length,” are a constitutive feature of Pym’s narrative fabric, as are adjectives that convey an experience of time, such as “immediate” and “still.” As much as Pym’s is a journey in space, it is a journey in and through time. And lest we forget, it is also a fictional voyage of exploration written in time by Arthur Gordon Pym/Edgar Allan Poe and read in the time of the 1830s. In an analysis of how the discipline of anthropology strategically deploys the markers of time, such as tenses and adverbs, to produce the subjects of its study as colonized others separate in time, Johannes Fabian provides a valuable template for understanding Poe’s Pym—which, as we know, contains a substantial amount of material plagiarized from exploratory and ethnographic texts of the antebellum period. Through close readings of key anthropological texts, Fabian foregrounds the central, but theoretically unstudied, role time has played in the imperial/epistemological conquest of space and argues that “time [has been required] to accommodate the schemes of a one-way history:
在《阿瑟·戈登·皮姆的故事》中,时间是一个必不可少的组成部分。奥古斯都的手表坏了,他父亲的计时器不见了。天、小时、分钟的流逝占据了大量的叙事空间和焦虑的猜测。故事甚至采用了日志的形式,明确地划分了月份和日期。但时间的存在比这些例子所暗示的要深刻得多,正如我在皮姆的题词所表明的那样,这篇文章也将表明这一点表示时间流逝的副词,如“之后”和“终于”,是皮姆叙事结构的一个基本特征,就像传达时间体验的形容词,如“立即”和“仍然”一样。就像皮姆的太空之旅一样,它也是一次穿越时间的旅程。别忘了,这也是阿瑟·戈登·皮姆/埃德加·爱伦·坡在19世纪30年代创作的虚构探险之旅。约翰内斯·费边分析了人类学学科如何战略性地利用时间标记,如时态和副词,将其研究对象作为在时间上被殖民的其他对象,为理解坡的《pym》提供了一个有价值的模板。我们知道,《pym》包含了大量抄袭自内战前时期的探索和民族志文本的材料。通过对关键人类学文本的仔细阅读,费边强调了时间在帝国/认识论对空间的征服中所扮演的核心角色,但在理论上尚未得到研究,并认为“时间[已被要求]适应单向历史的方案:
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引用次数: 9
“The Whole Numerous Race of the Melancholy among Men”: Mourning, Hypocrisy, and Same-Sex Desire in Poe’s Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym “人类忧郁的整个种族”:爱伦·坡《阿瑟·戈登·皮姆》叙事中的哀悼、虚伪与同性欲望
4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN Pub Date : 2008-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1754-6095.2008.00003.X
David Greven
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引用次数: 3
Queer Poe: The Tell-Tale Heart of His Fiction 酷儿·坡:他小说的泄密核心
4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN Pub Date : 2008-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1754-6095.2008.00002.X
Leland S. Person
“When I wish to find out how wise, or how stupid, or how good, or how wicked is any one, or what are his thoughts at the moment,” C. Auguste Dupin explains in “The Purloined Letter” (1845), “I fashion the expression of my face, as accurately as possible, in accordance with the expression of his, and then wait to see what thoughts or sentiments arise in my mind or heart, as if to match or correspond with the expression” (Works, 3:984–85).1 This example of mimicry—of a man making himself “correspond” intellectually and emotionally with another man—can offer an interesting point of entry for studying connections between male relationships and the play of desire in Poe’s fiction. The possibility of a physical identification so potent that a telepathic communication of thoughts and feelings occurs between two men invites interpretation from a gay or queer perspective. Poe’s fiction includes a remarkable number of such identificatory moments, raising questions about the range of thoughts or sentiments that can arise in a man’s mind or heart under such intense conditions. To what extent can those thoughts and sentiments be understood according to homoerotic structures of desire and response? Analyzing Poe’s representation of male-male intimacy can also tell us a great deal about the nineteenth-century imaginary—about the forms that intense male relationships could take before “homosexuality” became a set of behaviors and a state of being. Jonathan Ned Katz has catalogued many examples of “sex between men” long before “homosexuality” entered the American lexicon.2 None other than Rufus Griswold, Poe’s notorious literary executor, noted the “horrible sin not to be mentioned among Christians” in his review of Whitman’s 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass.3 Robert K. Martin has also observed that from the 1840s to the 1880s, a “range of possibilities” for male-to-male relationships existed that “could run from boyhood ‘chums’ to an idealized comradeship of ‘knights-errant’ to an anguished and guilt-ridden projection of the self onto figures of Gothic evil.”4 The “figures of Gothic evil” that occupy one end of Martin’s spectrum resemble the male characters in the tales that concern me here, and their origin as “guilt-ridden projections” seems consonant with the male psychology Poe represents. Keeping in mind Katz’s
“当我想找出明智,或者多么愚蠢,或者多好,或者任何一个有多邪恶,或者他有什么想法,”c·奥古斯特·杜宾解释《失窃的信》(1845),“我时尚的表达我的脸,尽可能准确,按照他的表情,然后等着看什么想法或情绪出现在我的脑海里或心脏,如果匹配或与表达”(作品,3:984 - 85)。1这个模仿的例子——一个男人让自己在智力和情感上与另一个男人“一致”——可以为研究坡小说中男性关系与欲望的关系提供一个有趣的切入点。身体认同的可能性如此强大,以至于两个男人之间发生了思想和情感的心灵感应交流,这就需要从同性恋或酷儿的角度来解释。坡的小说中包含了大量这样的认同时刻,提出了一个问题:在这种紧张的环境下,一个人的思想或情感会产生什么样的范围。这些思想和情感在多大程度上可以根据欲望和反应的同性结构来理解?分析坡对男性之间亲密关系的表现也可以告诉我们很多关于19世纪的想象——在“同性恋”成为一种行为和一种存在状态之前,强烈的男性关系可能采取的形式。早在“同性恋”一词进入美国人的词典之前,乔纳森·内德·卡茨就已经编录了许多“男人间的性行为”的例子除了鲁弗斯·格里斯沃尔德之外,坡的臭名昭著的文学遗嘱执行人,在评论惠特曼1855年版的《草叶》时,提到了“基督徒中不被提及的可怕罪恶”。3罗伯特·k·马丁也观察到,从19世纪40年代到19世纪80年代,存在着“一系列的可能性”,“从童年的‘密友’到‘侠客’的理想化同志关系,再到痛苦和内疚的自我投射到哥特式邪恶的人物身上”。马丁笔下的“哥特式邪恶人物”与我在这里所关注的故事中的男性角色很相似,而他们作为“内疚的投射”的起源似乎与坡所代表的男性心理一致。记住卡茨的
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引用次数: 13
Religious Satire and Poe’s “Angel of the Odd” 宗教讽刺与坡的《古怪天使》
4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN Pub Date : 2008-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1754-6095.2008.00004.X
Michael McGehee
In his 1844 tale “The Angel of the Odd,” 1 Edgar Allan Poe tells the story of the drunken narrator’s visitation from an “Angel,” who proceeds to torment him with a series of odd incidents that upset his expectations of ordinary life. Conventionally read as an attack on the reign of reason,2 the tale also contains numerous references to the Christian tradition. Cataloging the biblical references in the Poe corpus, William Forrest establishes in Biblical Allusions in Poe that “The Angel of the Odd” indeed contains several allusions to the Old Testament, but he ignores any to the New Testament.3 As the present essay will show, however, connections to the New Testament and Christian institutions abound as part of the tale’s interest in satirizing both. Like the New Testament, “The Angel of the Odd” tells a story of unbelief versus belief. While the biblical text concerns itself foremost with how its characters respond to Jesus’ claim to be the Messiah, Poe’s tale describes how the narrator responds to the antics of the Angel of the Odd. Although he exhorts the narrator to stop drinking alcohol so heavily, the Angel’s real interest lies in trying to arrest the narrator’s reason in order to make room for the incredible, or the “odd”; yet the manner in which the Angel inculcates these lessons colors them in hues common to the Christian tradition.4 “The Angel of the Odd,” then, functions on two levels: On its upper level, the tale parallels the New Testament; its characters, images, and motifs, by way of analogy, evoke certain features of that text while also probing its implications for human life. On an underlying level, the grotesque qualities of “The Angel of the Odd”—its comedic and profane suggestions—twist and destabilize the religious parallels. Thus, the analogues become satirical comments on religion, at first lighthearted then progressively more serious. Many writers of Poe’s day, responding to the broad spirit of reform that suffused antebellum American society, sought to correct human behavior by representing the grave consequences of profligacy, but they did so in stylistically restrained prose that maintained a safe distance from the vices they condemned. However, other reform writers, David Reynolds observes, “described vice in such lurid detail that they themselves were branded as dangerously immoral or sacrilegious.”5 Poe was not a reform writer in the sense
在埃德加·爱伦·坡1844年的小说《古怪的天使》中,他讲述了醉酒的叙述者被一个“天使”拜访的故事,这个“天使”用一系列古怪的事件折磨他,打乱了他对日常生活的期望。这个故事通常被解读为对理性统治的攻击,但它也包含了许多与基督教传统有关的内容。威廉·福雷斯特将爱伦·坡文集中的圣经典故编目,在《爱伦·坡的圣经典故》中指出,《古怪的天使》确实包含了对旧约的一些典故,但他忽略了对新约的任何典故。3然而,正如本文将展示的那样,与新约和基督教制度的联系比比皆是,这是故事对这两者的讽刺兴趣的一部分。和《新约》一样,《古怪的天使》讲述了一个不信与信的故事。《圣经》文本首先关注的是人物如何回应耶稣自称是弥赛亚,而坡的故事则描述了叙述者如何回应古怪天使的滑稽行为。虽然他告诫叙述者不要酗酒,但天使真正的兴趣在于试图阻止叙述者的理性,以便为不可思议或“奇怪”腾出空间;然而,天使谆谆教导这些教训的方式却使它们染上了基督教传统的共同色彩那么,《古怪的天使》在两个层面上起作用:在上层,这个故事与《新约》(New Testament)相似;它的人物、形象和母题,通过类比的方式,唤起了文本的某些特征,同时也探讨了它对人类生活的影响。在一个潜在的层面上,《古怪的天使》怪诞的特质——它的喜剧和世俗的暗示——扭曲和破坏了宗教的相似之处。因此,这些类比变成了对宗教的讽刺评论,起初是轻松愉快的,然后逐渐变得严肃起来。坡那个时代的许多作家,为了回应内战前美国社会普遍存在的改革精神,试图通过描述挥霍的严重后果来纠正人类行为,但他们的散文风格克制,与他们所谴责的恶习保持安全距离。然而,其他改革派作家,大卫·雷诺兹(David Reynolds)观察到,“以如此耸人听闻的细节描述罪恶,以至于他们自己被贴上了危险的不道德或亵渎神灵的标签。”从某种意义上说,坡并不是一位改革派作家
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引用次数: 0
Poe’s Taking of Pelham One Two Three Four Five Six 爱伦坡的《夺取佩勒姆》一二三四五六
4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN Pub Date : 2008-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1754-6095.2008.00006.X
Richard Kopley
I t’s not that Poe hijacked a subway train. Rather, he transformed a narrative train—Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s 1828 novel Pelham. This essay will focus on six of his transformations from Pelham for six of his greatest tales.1 Scholars have long acknowledged some of Poe’s obligations to Pelham; or, The Adventures of a Gentleman. Fred Lewis Pattee wrote in 1923 that “whatever debt [Poe’s short story ‘The Visionary’] owes is to the Bulwer of the Pelham period.” In the 1960s, G. R. Thompson observed Poe’s indebtedness to Bulwer’s novel for elements of “Lionizing,” “Marginalia,” “Ulalume,” and “The Bells.” In the 1970s, Stuart and Susan Levine noted Poe’s borrowing such features as Rousseau’s La Nouvelle Heloise, Crebillon, and Faubourg St. Germain from Bulwer’s Pelham for “The Murders in the Rue Morgue.” Stephen Rachman, in 1995, stated that the epigraph from a chapter in Pelham became the epigraph for “The Man of the Crowd.” The Burton R. Pollin edition, Collected Writings (1981–97), has a number of references to Pelham (see 2:110, 112–13, 181, 214– 15, 409, 495, 501; 4:95, 112; 5:80, 132), to which the Levines’ 2004 edition of Eureka adds another reference.2 Yet there is more. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803–73) was a highly successful British novelist whom Poe in February 1836 considered to be “unsurpassed by any writer living or dead” (Writings, 5:121). Although his opinion of Bulwer did diminish over time—perhaps in part because of Horace Binney Wallace’s disparagement of him in the 1838 novel Stanley3—Poe continued to transform passages from Bulwer’s work. And we should not be deterred in our investigation of Bulwer by his modest reputation in our own time—owing, in part, to Snoopy’s use of the now-cliched first line of Bulwer’s 1830 novel Paul Clifford, “It was a dark and stormy night,” and to the annual Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest (honoring extravagantly bad writing). Bulwer was an important literary figure in Poe’s time; further attention to his Pelham, a “silver fork” novel of urban mystery and intrigue, reveals important additional source material for Poe’s tales. The search that led to my study of Bulwer’s Pelham began in 1982 when I visited Poe scholar Palmer C. Holt at his home in Englewood, Florida; it continued in 2005 when I visited the Palmer C. Holt Collection of the Holland/New Library of Washington State University in Pullman, Washington.
如果不是坡劫持了一辆地铁。相反,他改变了一种叙事模式——爱德华·布尔维尔-利顿1828年的小说《佩勒姆》。这篇文章将集中在他的六个最伟大的故事中,从佩勒姆转变的六个学者们早就承认坡对佩勒姆的一些义务;或者《绅士历险记》。弗雷德·刘易斯·帕蒂(Fred Lewis Pattee)在1923年写道:“无论爱伦·坡的短篇小说《幻想家》(The Visionary)亏欠了什么,都要归功于佩勒姆时期的布尔沃。”20世纪60年代,g·r·汤普森(G. R. Thompson)发现,坡在《崇拜》(Lionizing)、《旁注》(Marginalia)、《乌拉卢姆》(ulalum)和《钟声》(the Bells)等元素上受惠于布尔沃的小说。20世纪70年代,斯图尔特·莱文和苏珊·莱文注意到爱伦·坡的《莫尔格街谋杀案》借用了卢梭的《新爱洛伊丝》、《克雷比隆》和《圣日耳曼郊区》等特点,并借鉴了布尔沃的《佩勒姆》。1995年,斯蒂芬·拉赫曼(Stephen Rachman)表示,《佩勒姆》一章的题词成为了《人群中的人》(the Man of the Crowd)的题词。伯顿·r·波林(Burton R. Pollin)版《文集》(1981-97)中提到了佩勒姆(见2:110、112-13、181、214 - 15、409、495,501;4:95, 112;5:80, 132),莱文斯2004年版的《尤里卡》(Eureka)又增加了一个参考文献然而,还有更多。爱德华·布尔沃-利顿(Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1803-73)是一位非常成功的英国小说家,爱伦·坡在1836年2月认为他是“在世或去世的任何作家都无法超越的”(《著作》5:21)。尽管随着时间的推移,他对布尔沃的看法确实有所减弱——部分原因可能是霍勒斯·宾尼·华莱士在1838年的小说《斯坦利3》中对他的贬低——坡继续从布尔沃的作品中改编段落。我们对布尔沃的调查不应该因为他在我们这个时代的谦逊名声而受到阻碍,部分原因是史努比使用了布尔沃1830年的小说《保罗·克利福德》(Paul Clifford)中现在已经陈词滥调的第一句,“那是一个漆黑的暴风雨之夜”,以及一年一度的布尔沃-利顿小说大赛(表彰极其糟糕的作品)。布尔沃在坡的时代是一个重要的文学人物;进一步关注他的《佩勒姆》,一部关于城市神秘和阴谋的“银叉”小说,揭示了坡的故事的重要的额外来源材料。我对布尔沃的《佩勒姆》的研究始于1982年,当时我拜访了坡学者帕尔默·c·霍尔特在佛罗里达州恩格尔伍德的家;2005年,当我参观位于华盛顿普尔曼的华盛顿州立大学荷兰/新图书馆的帕尔默·c·霍尔特收藏时,这种情况还在继续。
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引用次数: 3
Romantic Irony in “The Rescued Fugitives” 《被解救的逃犯》中的浪漫反讽
4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN Pub Date : 2006-01-12 DOI: 10.1111/J.1754-6095.2006.TB00187.X
G. Farrell
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引用次数: 0
The Snow Man: A Brief Afterword 《雪人:简短的后记
4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN Pub Date : 2006-01-12 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-6095.2006.tb00196.x
Eric Carl Link
Dick Thompson is a scholar. He is a friend. I cannot speak with greater authority than Bob Lamb about his scholarship. I cannot speak with greater authority than Len Neufeldt about his friendship. I could speak of the years we spent writing Neutral Ground together, but of what use? We had an idea. It grew through sweat and serendipity. We labored over it for a while. It was published and we turned to our various separate projects. There are stories that might be told, but they would be no different than the stories the contributors to this volume could tell a hundred different ways. They are good stories. When Dick lived in West Lafayette and taught the hell out of American literature and changed Poe studies forever and built retaining walls out of railroad ties to landscape his home and was a model of decency, he had a dining room adorned with a print of Jesus on the cross. It was a signed and numbered print by some artist whose name I’ve forgotten. It was an abstract portrait-lots of harsh black brush strokes, hints of thorns and pain. It was beautiful. We stood in front of it one day and stared at it for a moment. We saw the same thing, but we saw different things. I saw a portrait of strength, suffering, and defeat. Dick Thompson saw these things, but he also saw the gentleness, the feminine lines, whispers of something else. I tried to see what he saw. I’m not sure I ever did. Maybe once or twice. We never spoke of that particular portrait again, but every time I walked past it I would slow my steps to catch another glance. Literature-great literature-is like Jesus on the wall. Dick Thompson knows this. He sees the harsh lines and the gentle curves. The black marks on a cream background. He sees the suffering and the gentleness. The albatross framing the penguin. The apotheosis from out of the ocean perishing. I learned something about what it meant to be a scholar the day Dick Thompson and I were mulling over a couple of his ideas about nineteenthcentury intellectual history and he turned to me and said that I should challenge his theories. Don’t accept them. Work them over. Toss them out if they don’t work. I tested the theories. They worked. Among graduate students at Purdue, Dick Thompson had a reputation-a mystique. It had something to do with high standards, with intellectual rigor, with respect for the profession and for the true capabilities of the human mind-the things that sometimes scare graduate students, I suppose. Those of us who know Dick Thompson’s infectious smile, easy laugh, and unflinching humanism would sometimes remind him of his reputation among the graduate students. He always acted bemused by it, but he wasn’t. Not really. It was part of the landscape garden he walked through. Wallace Stevens once wrote, “One must have a mind of winter / To regard the frost and the boughs / Of the pine-trees crusted with snow.” In his scholarship, in his teaching, in the way he reads a poem, Dick Thompson is Stevens’s snow man. The s
迪克·汤普森是一位学者。他是我的朋友。关于他的奖学金,我没有比鲍勃·兰姆更权威的发言了。伦·纽菲尔德是我最权威的朋友。我可以谈谈我们一起写《中立地带》的那些年,但有什么用呢?我们有了一个主意。它是在汗水和意外中成长起来的。我们苦思冥想了一会儿。这篇文章发表后,我们开始了各种不同的项目。可能会有一些故事被讲述,但它们与这本书的作者用一百种不同的方式讲述的故事没有什么不同。它们都是好故事。当迪克住在西拉斐特教美国文学的时候,他永远地改变了爱伦坡的研究,用铁路捆带建造挡土墙来美化他的家,他是一个正派的典范,他的餐厅装饰着耶稣被钉在十字架上的版画。这是一幅有签名和编号的画作,作者是一个我忘了名字的艺术家。这是一幅抽象的肖像画——大量粗犷的黑色笔触,暗示着荆棘和痛苦。它是美丽的。有一天,我们站在它前面,盯着它看了一会儿。我们看到了同样的东西,但我们看到了不同的东西。我看到了一幅充满力量、痛苦和失败的肖像。迪克·汤普森看到了这些,但他也看到了温柔,看到了女性的线条,看到了其他东西的低语。我想看看他看到了什么。我不确定我是否做过。也许有一两次吧。我们再也没有提起那幅画像,但每次我走过它时,都会放慢脚步,再看它一眼。文学——伟大的文学——就像墙上的耶稣。迪克·汤普森知道这一点。他看到了粗糙的线条和柔和的曲线。奶油色背景上的黑点。他看到了痛苦和温柔。信天翁在陷害企鹅。神化从海洋中消失。有一天,我和迪克·汤普森正在琢磨他关于19世纪思想史的一些观点,他转向我,说我应该挑战他的理论,我对成为一名学者的意义有了一些了解。不要接受他们。重新做一遍。如果它们不起作用就扔掉。我检验了这些理论。他们工作。在普渡大学的研究生中,迪克·汤普森享有盛名——一个神秘人物。这与高标准、严谨的知识、对专业的尊重以及对人类思维真正能力的尊重有关——我想,这些东西有时会吓到研究生。我们这些了解迪克·汤普森的人,他那富有感染力的微笑、平易近人的笑声和坚定的人文主义有时会让他想起他在研究生中的名声。他总是表现得很困惑,但他不是。不是真的。这是他走过的景观花园的一部分。华莱士·史蒂文斯曾经写道:“一个人必须有一颗冬天的心/去关注霜冻和结了雪的松树的枝干。”在他的学识上,在他的教学上,在他读诗的方式上,迪克·汤普森是史蒂文斯的雪人。雪人是浪漫的讽刺家。坡、霍桑、梅尔维尔——汤普森花园里的炽热冰晶。忘记萨皮尔和沃尔夫以及爱斯基摩人的大词汇骗局吧——汤普森知道雪的语言。
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引用次数: 0
Literary Commerce and the Discourses of Gastronomy in Poe’s “Bon-Bon” 文学商业与坡的《Bon-Bon》中的美食话语
4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN Pub Date : 2006-01-12 DOI: 10.1111/J.1754-6095.2006.TB00184.X
A. Hammond
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引用次数: 2
G. R. Thompson: A Selected Bibliography g·r·汤普森:《参考书目选》
4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN Pub Date : 2006-01-12 DOI: 10.1111/J.1754-6095.2006.TB00197.X
Eric Carl Link
The following bibliography represents the major, and most of the minor, scholarly publications of G. R. Thomp son from 1968 to 2006 (organized chronologically within each section according to publication date). Not listed are book reviews, minor incidental writings, or editorial contributions to Poe Studies/Dark Romanticism or ESQ : A Journal of the Ammican Renaissance during the years he served as the editor of those journals.
下面的参考书目代表了1968年至2006年G. R. thompson son的主要和大部分次要学术出版物(根据出版日期按时间顺序排列在每个部分中)。在他担任这些杂志编辑的那些年里,书评、次要的偶然作品或对《坡研究/黑暗浪漫主义》或《ESQ:美国文艺复兴杂志》的编辑贡献都没有列在名单上。
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引用次数: 0
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