Montchretien set off in pursuit of a solution to the complex problem of the relationship between economics and politics, inherent to the sovereign’s task of modifying the laws according to the needs, and working on the aspects regarding the health and conservation of the State. If what is "useful" for the city is the true end of reasonable policy (of raison d’etat), then is it to be a matter of reaffirming the Ciceronian viewpoint, the "useful" and the "honourable" being inseparable, as Aristotle taught in the seventh book of Politics? Montchretien seems to follow the reflections of Bonaventura, according to whom the useful which does not abandon the honourable, pursued and conserved from raison d’etat, is that which seeks to preserve the city in well-being not only from the inevitable decay of time (the body politic ages, just like the natural and animal body) but to conserve it with a view to the health of the social body, to which all the efforts of the nation should be directed, becoming the sort of collective subject, much like seamen aboard a ship with different tasks serving one common purpose.
{"title":"Useful and honourable. Notes towards a philosophy of political economy in the Traicté","authors":"N. Panichi","doi":"10.3280/SPE2017-001006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2017-001006","url":null,"abstract":"Montchretien set off in pursuit of a solution to the complex problem of the relationship between economics and politics, inherent to the sovereign’s task of modifying the laws according to the needs, and working on the aspects regarding the health and conservation of the State. If what is \"useful\" for the city is the true end of reasonable policy (of raison d’etat), then is it to be a matter of reaffirming the Ciceronian viewpoint, the \"useful\" and the \"honourable\" being inseparable, as Aristotle taught in the seventh book of Politics? Montchretien seems to follow the reflections of Bonaventura, according to whom the useful which does not abandon the honourable, pursued and conserved from raison d’etat, is that which seeks to preserve the city in well-being not only from the inevitable decay of time (the body politic ages, just like the natural and animal body) but to conserve it with a view to the health of the social body, to which all the efforts of the nation should be directed, becoming the sort of collective subject, much like seamen aboard a ship with different tasks serving one common purpose.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"115-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48805102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On a Recent Evolution of Relevant Sources in the History of Economic Thought","authors":"Fabio Masini","doi":"10.3280/SPE2017-001008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2017-001008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41525622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to situate the contribution of Antoine de Montchrestien and Antonio Serra in the monetary and financial environment of their time. The contribution of these early writers are placed back in context - that of the profound economic crisis in Europe: the monetary crisis in the Kingdom of Naples, and in France the crisis preceding the General Assembly in 1614 -15. After this analysis it may seem that they are many commonalities between Serra and Montchrestien. There is first of all their external personal situation to the circle of governors. Then there is the failure to take account of their analysis by those in power, the governors. They focus both on the real factors of economic development, investment, workforce. All this in a long-term vision, which excludes any monetary fetishism, puts the focus on combination and relationship between the economy and the state.
{"title":"Antoine de Monchrestien and Antonio Serra: Two founders of political economy","authors":"A. Tiran","doi":"10.3280/SPE2017-001004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2017-001004","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to situate the contribution of Antoine de Montchrestien and Antonio Serra in the monetary and financial environment of their time. The contribution of these early writers are placed back in context - that of the profound economic crisis in Europe: the monetary crisis in the Kingdom of Naples, and in France the crisis preceding the General Assembly in 1614 -15. After this analysis it may seem that they are many commonalities between Serra and Montchrestien. There is first of all their external personal situation to the circle of governors. Then there is the failure to take account of their analysis by those in power, the governors. They focus both on the real factors of economic development, investment, workforce. All this in a long-term vision, which excludes any monetary fetishism, puts the focus on combination and relationship between the economy and the state.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41652429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The notion of ‘creativity’ has taken on growing importance in the recent economic literature on happiness, motivations and life-satisfaction. Starting from the seminal contribution by Scitovsky, the effects of ‘creative’ goods and activities on consumers’ well-being, in connection with cultural, sociological, psychological and educational aspects, have been analyzed. An increasing interest in these concepts has also recently been shown by policy-makers and international institutions (see, e.g., the UNCTAD/UNESCO Reports on Creative Economy, 2010, 2013, 2016). On the other hand, a clear analytical definition of this category of goods and activities and searching investigation into its peculiar characteristics in comparison with other types of products and activities, broadly defined as comfort or defensive ones, is still lacking in economic literature. This is why, despite its wide use, the nature of the distinction and the role it should play in economic analysis still remain somewhat vague and ambiguous. The aim of this paper is to provide a contribution to help clarify this distinction by reconstructing and comparing its original meaning and purpose in the works of Scitovsky (1976, 1992) and Hawtrey (1925) - the first economists who attributed a fundamental role to the notion of ‘creative’ goods in their analyses of consumption behavior.
{"title":"At the origin of the notion of ‘creative’ goods in economics: Scitovsky and Hawtrey","authors":"A. Bariletti, Eleonora Sanfilippo","doi":"10.3280/SPE2017-001001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2017-001001","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of ‘creativity’ has taken on growing importance in the recent economic literature on happiness, motivations and life-satisfaction. Starting from the seminal contribution by Scitovsky, the effects of ‘creative’ goods and activities on consumers’ well-being, in connection with cultural, sociological, psychological and educational aspects, have been analyzed. An increasing interest in these concepts has also recently been shown by policy-makers and international institutions (see, e.g., the UNCTAD/UNESCO Reports on Creative Economy, 2010, 2013, 2016). On the other hand, a clear analytical definition of this category of goods and activities and searching investigation into its peculiar characteristics in comparison with other types of products and activities, broadly defined as comfort or defensive ones, is still lacking in economic literature. This is why, despite its wide use, the nature of the distinction and the role it should play in economic analysis still remain somewhat vague and ambiguous. The aim of this paper is to provide a contribution to help clarify this distinction by reconstructing and comparing its original meaning and purpose in the works of Scitovsky (1976, 1992) and Hawtrey (1925) - the first economists who attributed a fundamental role to the notion of ‘creative’ goods in their analyses of consumption behavior.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"5-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41370987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As we know, there are two basic elements in the Physiocrats’ view: on the juridical plane, the belief that positive laws follow natural ones; on the economic plane, the idea that agriculture is the sole source of net product. The importance and interdependence of these two aspects also emerge with reference to the issue of slave labour and to the debate concerning its abolition. This article attempts to inquire into the ambiguities of the economic ideas of the Physiocrats, who, in theory, favored the use of free labour, but in practice were forced, out of political realism, to accept slave labor - even though it was seen as the outcome of a "sick" law. In particular, we will show that Le Mercier de la Riviere and Pierre Poivre, Physiocrats and colonial Intendants, gave up to the idea of the abolition of slavery, thus legitimising its continuation.
正如我们所知，生理学家的观点有两个基本要素：在法律层面上，相信积极的法律遵循自然的法律；在经济层面上，农业是净产品的唯一来源。这两个方面的重要性和相互依存性也体现在奴隶劳动问题和关于废除奴隶劳动的辩论中。本文试图探究自然人经济思想的模糊性，他们在理论上支持使用自由劳动，但在实践中，出于政治现实主义，被迫接受奴隶劳动——尽管这被视为“病态”法律的结果。特别是，我们将表明，Le Mercier de la Riviere和Pierre Poivre，Physiocrats和殖民统治者，放弃了废除奴隶制的想法，从而使奴隶制的延续合法化。
{"title":"Political power vs \"natural laws\". Physiocracy and slavery","authors":"Simona Pisanelli","doi":"10.3280/SPE2017-001003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2017-001003","url":null,"abstract":"As we know, there are two basic elements in the Physiocrats’ view: on the juridical plane, the belief that positive laws follow natural ones; on the economic plane, the idea that agriculture is the sole source of net product. The importance and interdependence of these two aspects also emerge with reference to the issue of slave labour and to the debate concerning its abolition. This article attempts to inquire into the ambiguities of the economic ideas of the Physiocrats, who, in theory, favored the use of free labour, but in practice were forced, out of political realism, to accept slave labor - even though it was seen as the outcome of a \"sick\" law. In particular, we will show that Le Mercier de la Riviere and Pierre Poivre, Physiocrats and colonial Intendants, gave up to the idea of the abolition of slavery, thus legitimising its continuation.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45575968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The evolutionary paths followed by poverty reduction policies in the advanced and in the developing countries have been quite different. The paper endorses the view whereby the higher is the initial level of income inequality in a country, the less the subsequent GDP growth is bound to "trickle down" to the poor. Due to the perverse interplay between growth, income inequality and inequality of opportunity, the tight correlation between material and non-material conditions of life often prevents low-income countries to reduce the size and the intensity of poverty. After the low-income countries’ involvement in globalization, the construction of indices of multidimensional poverty is taken as decisive by international organizations to carefully design anti-poverty aid policies by taking into account the specific characteristics of the area of intervention.
{"title":"The Path Dependency of Poverty Reduction Policies","authors":"F. Farina","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-001002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-001002","url":null,"abstract":"The evolutionary paths followed by poverty reduction policies in the advanced and in the developing countries have been quite different. The paper endorses the view whereby the higher is the initial level of income inequality in a country, the less the subsequent GDP growth is bound to \"trickle down\" to the poor. Due to the perverse interplay between growth, income inequality and inequality of opportunity, the tight correlation between material and non-material conditions of life often prevents low-income countries to reduce the size and the intensity of poverty. After the low-income countries’ involvement in globalization, the construction of indices of multidimensional poverty is taken as decisive by international organizations to carefully design anti-poverty aid policies by taking into account the specific characteristics of the area of intervention.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"21-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Italian economist Antonio de Viti de Marco is well known as the founder of the pure theory of Public Finance, and as one of the inspirators of Public Choice. However, outside Italy nothing is known about his political commitment, an aspect that was truly important for him and closely linked to his scientific work. This paper explores his collaboration with daily newspapers in the context of early 20th century Italy, in order to project information beyond Italy’s borders about his political role.
意大利经济学家马可(Antonio de Viti de Marco)是著名的纯公共财政理论的奠基人，也是公共选择理论的启蒙者之一。然而，在意大利之外，人们对他的政治承诺一无所知，这一点对他来说非常重要，并与他的科学工作密切相关。本文探讨了他在20世纪初意大利背景下与日报的合作，以便将有关他的政治角色的信息投射到意大利境外。
{"title":"Antonio de Viti de Marco as a Political Commentator in the Daily Press","authors":"M. Mosca","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-001003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-001003","url":null,"abstract":"The Italian economist Antonio de Viti de Marco is well known as the founder of the pure theory of Public Finance, and as one of the inspirators of Public Choice. However, outside Italy nothing is known about his political commitment, an aspect that was truly important for him and closely linked to his scientific work. This paper explores his collaboration with daily newspapers in the context of early 20th century Italy, in order to project information beyond Italy’s borders about his political role.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"43-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article shows that a number of the key points expressed by Mill in On Liberty (1859) were very similar to many ideas that Humboldt presented in The Limits of State Action (1792). In fact, it was by Humboldt that Mill gained an appreciation for the concept of self-development. The primary goal of his paper, however, is to find significant differences in their respective ideas on the role of the state as a way to facilitate the development of individuality. It also claims that these differences can be mainly attributed to Mill having had the opportunity to directly observe the negative impacts of industrial capitalism, which led him to defend a positive state role in counteracting them.
{"title":"The Converging and Diverging Views of Wilhelm von Humboldt and John Stuart Mill on the Subjects of Self-development and the Role of the State","authors":"Filip Birsen","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-001004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-001004","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows that a number of the key points expressed by Mill in On Liberty (1859) were very similar to many ideas that Humboldt presented in The Limits of State Action (1792). In fact, it was by Humboldt that Mill gained an appreciation for the concept of self-development. The primary goal of his paper, however, is to find significant differences in their respective ideas on the role of the state as a way to facilitate the development of individuality. It also claims that these differences can be mainly attributed to Mill having had the opportunity to directly observe the negative impacts of industrial capitalism, which led him to defend a positive state role in counteracting them.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"65-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Economy as Intellectual History: Pier Luigi Porta (1945-2016)","authors":"R. Scazzieri","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-001006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-001006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tiziano Raffaelli 1950-2016","authors":"M. Dardi","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-001007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-001007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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