Brian Reddaway has argued that the title for the Committee on the Currency and Bank Notes served as a smokescreen to hide its real purpose of advising the government on Britain’s return to gold. When A. C. Pigou was invited by Sir Otto Niemeyer to serve on that Committee, there was no mention of gold. Only the title of the Committee was mentioned in the letter. The objective of this study is to establish whether Pigou appreciated the real purpose of the Committee or whether he was misled by the title of the Committee that he was invited to serve on.
Brian Reddaway认为，货币和银行票据委员会的头衔只是一个烟幕，掩盖了它的真正目的——就英国回归金本位向政府提供建议。当a·c·庇古受奥托·尼迈耶爵士邀请加入该委员会时，没有提到黄金。信中只提到了委员会的名称。本研究的目的是确定庇古是否理解委员会的真正目的，或者他是否被他被邀请担任的委员会的名称所误导。
{"title":"A. C. Pigou and the ‘Real Purpose’ of the 1924-25 Committee on the Currency and Bank of England Note Issues","authors":"Rogério Arthmar, M. McLure","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-001001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-001001","url":null,"abstract":"Brian Reddaway has argued that the title for the Committee on the Currency and Bank Notes served as a smokescreen to hide its real purpose of advising the government on Britain’s return to gold. When A. C. Pigou was invited by Sir Otto Niemeyer to serve on that Committee, there was no mention of gold. Only the title of the Committee was mentioned in the letter. The objective of this study is to establish whether Pigou appreciated the real purpose of the Committee or whether he was misled by the title of the Committee that he was invited to serve on.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"5-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Montchretien was decidedly mercantilist. He praises the ancients, their honour and their self-discipline, but he notes, like Serra, that there was no concept of Political Economy in Antiquity. The words, however, appear for the first time in the pseudoaristotelian Oeconomica II, where the householding by a king, the householding of the governor of a province, the administration of a city (polis) and the household of a private citizen are distinguished; the term applies to the financing of a city economy. The book contains a multitude of prescriptions of how to finance a city by means of varying forms of taxation, gifts, forced loans and by means of manipulating the currency. Especially the latter schemes are of extreme interest for the historian of economic thought, as they reveal a remarkable understanding of metallist and nominalist conception of money. The paper tries to explain the contexts and then goes on to compare these doctrines with cameralism, using the comments published in 1651 by the German cameralist Klock on Oeconomica II. He treats the proposals as if they were made by contemporaries, assessing them from practical and moral points of view in a way that suggests a parallelism of institutions and ideas.
{"title":"Political Economy in the Pseudo-Aristotelian Oeconomica II and the German Cameralist Klock","authors":"B. Schefold","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-002004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-002004","url":null,"abstract":"Montchretien was decidedly mercantilist. He praises the ancients, their honour and their self-discipline, but he notes, like Serra, that there was no concept of Political Economy in Antiquity. The words, however, appear for the first time in the pseudoaristotelian Oeconomica II, where the householding by a king, the householding of the governor of a province, the administration of a city (polis) and the household of a private citizen are distinguished; the term applies to the financing of a city economy. The book contains a multitude of prescriptions of how to finance a city by means of varying forms of taxation, gifts, forced loans and by means of manipulating the currency. Especially the latter schemes are of extreme interest for the historian of economic thought, as they reveal a remarkable understanding of metallist and nominalist conception of money. The paper tries to explain the contexts and then goes on to compare these doctrines with cameralism, using the comments published in 1651 by the German cameralist Klock on Oeconomica II. He treats the proposals as if they were made by contemporaries, assessing them from practical and moral points of view in a way that suggests a parallelism of institutions and ideas.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growth model of the German economy draws its guiding theoretical principles from the soziale Marktwirtschaft (SMW) and the seminal work of the German economist Alfred Muller-Armack. The first part of this paper discusses the precise characteristics of German neoliberal theories and the SMW in particular. The second part explores the policy history of Argentina and Italy and the exportability of the SMW to such Latin countries. The relation between countries’ economic structure and the reforms needed to achieve such an economic order is analysed.
{"title":"The Social Market Economy as a Feasible Policy Option for Latin Countries","authors":"M. Resico, S. Solari","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-002002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-002002","url":null,"abstract":"The growth model of the German economy draws its guiding theoretical principles from the soziale Marktwirtschaft (SMW) and the seminal work of the German economist Alfred Muller-Armack. The first part of this paper discusses the precise characteristics of German neoliberal theories and the SMW in particular. The second part explores the policy history of Argentina and Italy and the exportability of the SMW to such Latin countries. The relation between countries’ economic structure and the reforms needed to achieve such an economic order is analysed.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"27-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In his Traicte de l’oeconomie politique (1615), Antoine de Montchretien proposed a model of development, based on an autarkic economy, formulating analytical and political alternative to increasing integration of world trade, which in the seventeenth century was under Dutch and English hegemony. Montchretien’s response to the problem of world trade integration focused on the establishment of a French colonial empire, completely self-sufficient and closed to international trade. Montchretien proposed an “economic nationalism” connecting politics and the economy, in a perspective that would be called geo-economic, pitting nationalism against globalization to avoid the failure in international trade competition that could threaten the political survival and independence of the country’s national interests. This paper explores the analytical frameworks of Montchretien’s autarkic model, which constitutes an exception in the 17th century literature, which is focused on the idea of commercial supremacy and the gains of trade in a context of international competition.
安托万·德·蒙克雷蒂安(Antoine de Montchretien)在他的《政治经济学》(Traicte del’oeconomipolitique)(1615)中提出了一种基于自给自足经济的发展模式，为17世纪荷兰和英国霸权下日益一体化的世界贸易制定了分析和政治替代方案。蒙克雷蒂安对世界贸易一体化问题的反应集中在建立一个完全自给自足和封闭于国际贸易的法国殖民帝国。蒙克雷蒂安从地缘经济的角度提出了政治与经济相结合的“经济民族主义”，以民族主义对抗全球化，避免在国际贸易竞争中失败而威胁到国家的政治生存和国家利益的独立性。本文探讨了蒙克雷蒂安自给自足模型的分析框架，这是17世纪文学中的一个例外，它关注的是国际竞争背景下的商业霸权和贸易收益。
{"title":"Nation-World: Autarky and Geo-economics in Montchrétien’s Traicté","authors":"Rosario Patalano","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-002006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-002006","url":null,"abstract":"In his Traicte de l’oeconomie politique (1615), Antoine de Montchretien proposed a model of development, based on an autarkic economy, formulating analytical and political alternative to increasing integration of world trade, which in the seventeenth century was under Dutch and English hegemony. Montchretien’s response to the problem of world trade integration focused on the establishment of a French colonial empire, completely self-sufficient and closed to international trade. Montchretien proposed an “economic nationalism” connecting politics and the economy, in a perspective that would be called geo-economic, pitting nationalism against globalization to avoid the failure in international trade competition that could threaten the political survival and independence of the country’s national interests. This paper explores the analytical frameworks of Montchretien’s autarkic model, which constitutes an exception in the 17th century literature, which is focused on the idea of commercial supremacy and the gains of trade in a context of international competition.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"85-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring, Evaluating, Planning. The pioneering Italian Institute for the Study of Business Cycle","authors":"Alessandro Dafano","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-002009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-002009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"141-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antoine de Montchrestien","authors":"F. Billacois","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-002003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-002003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"2 1","pages":"55-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This note reports some information about the life of John Bates Clark which come from an unpublished family history written in 1968 by John Bates Clark’s nephew, Frederick Clark Lyman, the son of his sister Elizabeth Huntington Clark Lyman. This new material and the biographical details are checked and complemented with other sources, in particular Alden H. Clark’s memorial publication written in 1938.
这张笔记报告了约翰·贝茨·克拉克生活的一些信息，这些信息来自约翰·贝茨·克拉克的侄子弗雷德里克·克拉克·莱曼，他的妹妹伊丽莎白·亨廷顿·克拉克·莱曼的儿子，于1968年撰写的一份未出版的家族史。这些新材料和传记细节都经过检查，并与其他来源进行了补充，特别是1938年奥尔登·h·克拉克(Alden H. Clark)的纪念出版物。
{"title":"A Biographical Note on John Bates Clark","authors":"Luciano Messori, Raimondello Orsini","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-002008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-002008","url":null,"abstract":"This note reports some information about the life of John Bates Clark which come from an unpublished family history written in 1968 by John Bates Clark’s nephew, Frederick Clark Lyman, the son of his sister Elizabeth Huntington Clark Lyman. This new material and the biographical details are checked and complemented with other sources, in particular Alden H. Clark’s memorial publication written in 1938.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"41 1","pages":"132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Montchretien is still appreciated as a literate and author of tragedies, but is gravely neglected as an economist. His book - Traite de l’economie politique (1615) - is one of the most important expression of mercantilism. Like for the other mercantilists, Montchretien’s main concern was development through the expansion on manufactures, the organisation of the poor for labour, the increase of exportations and a keen economic competition with the other states. Montchretien enriches his arguments by drawing from his immense erudition about far and recent history, mythology and also a detailed and deep knowledge of the social and economic problems of his time. But his most important achievement was the foundation of modern political economy as different from ancient household economy. Contrary to the common conviction that the title of his book was just an unintentional chance, we are set to show that Montchretien was perfectly aware of the main features of the new economic science: management of social wealth in the public interest, growth of social wealth and a general welfare as the main aim, balance between private and public interest. Private interest is the spring of enrichment; its protection is the source of individual rights and of liberty. Public interest must ensure equal rights, welfare and protection of the poor.
蒙克雷安作为一名文学作家和悲剧作家仍然受到赞赏，但作为一名经济学家却被严重忽视。他的著作《政治经济学的特征》(Traite de l’economie politique, 1615)是重商主义最重要的表达之一。与其他重商主义者一样，蒙克雷蒂安主要关注的是通过扩大制造业、组织穷人从事劳动、增加出口以及与其他州进行激烈的经济竞争来实现发展。蒙克雷蒂安丰富了他的论点，他对古代和近代的历史，神话，以及他那个时代的社会和经济问题的详细和深入的了解。但他最重要的成就是建立了区别于古代家庭经济的现代政治经济学。人们普遍认为，他的书的标题只是一个偶然的机会，与此相反，我们准备表明，蒙克雷安完全意识到新经济科学的主要特征:以公共利益管理社会财富，以社会财富和一般福利的增长为主要目标，平衡私人和公共利益。个人利益是致富的源泉;对它的保护是个人权利和自由的源泉。公共利益必须保证穷人的平等权利、福利和保护。
{"title":"Montchrétien Founder of Political Economy","authors":"C. Perrotta","doi":"10.3280/SPE2016-002005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2016-002005","url":null,"abstract":"Montchretien is still appreciated as a literate and author of tragedies, but is gravely neglected as an economist. His book - Traite de l’economie politique (1615) - is one of the most important expression of mercantilism. Like for the other mercantilists, Montchretien’s main concern was development through the expansion on manufactures, the organisation of the poor for labour, the increase of exportations and a keen economic competition with the other states. Montchretien enriches his arguments by drawing from his immense erudition about far and recent history, mythology and also a detailed and deep knowledge of the social and economic problems of his time. But his most important achievement was the foundation of modern political economy as different from ancient household economy. Contrary to the common conviction that the title of his book was just an unintentional chance, we are set to show that Montchretien was perfectly aware of the main features of the new economic science: management of social wealth in the public interest, growth of social wealth and a general welfare as the main aim, balance between private and public interest. Private interest is the spring of enrichment; its protection is the source of individual rights and of liberty. Public interest must ensure equal rights, welfare and protection of the poor.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines Nicholas Copernicus’ monetary thinking to ascertain whether he is an early expositor of the quantity theory of money. The paper reviews the historical setting of the 1500s, considers the history of economic thought that pertains to the quantity theory of money, and considers prior translations and interpretations of Copernicus’ manuscript "On the Minting of Money" with our own translation. The paper finds that Copernicus’ monetary thinking is noteworthy for associating monetary policy instability with various economic effects, but he is not a quantity theorist or an advocate of policy positions associated with quantity theorists.
{"title":"Copernicus and the Quantity Theory of Money","authors":"William VanLear","doi":"10.3280/SPE2015-002001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2015-002001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines Nicholas Copernicus’ monetary thinking to ascertain whether he is an early expositor of the quantity theory of money. The paper reviews the historical setting of the 1500s, considers the history of economic thought that pertains to the quantity theory of money, and considers prior translations and interpretations of Copernicus’ manuscript \"On the Minting of Money\" with our own translation. The paper finds that Copernicus’ monetary thinking is noteworthy for associating monetary policy instability with various economic effects, but he is not a quantity theorist or an advocate of policy positions associated with quantity theorists.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"5-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims at providing some historiographical perspectives on the shaping of incomes policies in Italy in the eighties. It chiefly takes into account the contribution of the economist Ezio Tarantelli and his innovative approach to the accomplishment of the economic policy in Italy. The paper will eventually focus on how the potential benefits underlying the policies he supported can actually be considered a mislaid opportunity.
{"title":"The Shaping of Incomes Policy in the Eighties. The Contribution of Ezio Tarantelli","authors":"Giovanni Michelagnoli","doi":"10.3280/SPE2015-002003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/SPE2015-002003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at providing some historiographical perspectives on the shaping of incomes policies in Italy in the eighties. It chiefly takes into account the contribution of the economist Ezio Tarantelli and his innovative approach to the accomplishment of the economic policy in Italy. The paper will eventually focus on how the potential benefits underlying the policies he supported can actually be considered a mislaid opportunity.","PeriodicalId":40401,"journal":{"name":"History of Economic Thought and Policy","volume":"2 1","pages":"37-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70146214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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