This article focuses on Norwegian–German cultural contacts in Western Norway in the first half of the 20th century. Although rural Western Norway has always been difficult to access, numerous cultural interrelations between German- and Norwegian-speaking artists, writers, and philosophers can be observed. These encounters can be characterised as real exchanges from person to person, but also as exchanges between persons and texts, or between persons and landscape. The article provides an overview of the Vestlandet region as a place of cultural encounter, focusing on the aesthetic, political and historical context of the early to mid-20th century.
{"title":"Vestlandet – A Place of Cultural Encounter","authors":"Leonie Krutzinna, Maike Schmidt, Morten Øveraas","doi":"10.1515/ejss-2023-2010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2010","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on Norwegian–German cultural contacts in Western Norway in the first half of the 20th century. Although rural Western Norway has always been difficult to access, numerous cultural interrelations between German- and Norwegian-speaking artists, writers, and philosophers can be observed. These encounters can be characterised as real exchanges from person to person, but also as exchanges between persons and texts, or between persons and landscape. The article provides an overview of the Vestlandet region as a place of cultural encounter, focusing on the aesthetic, political and historical context of the early to mid-20th century.","PeriodicalId":40403,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Scandinavian Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article asks if the phenomenon of the Conservative Revolution had exponents in rural western Norway in early 20th century. It sheds light on Thorleif Schirmer (1877–1941), a teacher and writer. Schirmer elaborated his ideology with radical and conservative rhetoric, influenced by German literature and politics. He presented a cyclical understanding of culture. To secure its existence, nations should revolutionize its mythical origins. Antisemitism fuelled his theories. The positive reception of Schirmer’s writings, indicates conceptual resemblance between the Scandinavian folk and the German Volk.
{"title":"Den konservative revolusjonen – i Thorleif Schirmer sitt forfattarskap","authors":"Morten Øveraas","doi":"10.1515/ejss-2023-2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2014","url":null,"abstract":"This article asks if the phenomenon of the Conservative Revolution had exponents in rural western Norway in early 20<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> century. It sheds light on Thorleif Schirmer (1877–1941), a teacher and writer. Schirmer elaborated his ideology with radical and conservative rhetoric, influenced by German literature and politics. He presented a cyclical understanding of culture. To secure its existence, nations should revolutionize its mythical origins. Antisemitism fuelled his theories. The positive reception of Schirmer’s writings, indicates conceptual resemblance between the Scandinavian <jats:italic>folk</jats:italic> and the German <jats:italic>Volk</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":40403,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Scandinavian Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139947619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the summer of 1935 Ernst Jünger stayed for seven weeks in the small village Eidsbygda in the Romsdal-region on the west coast of Norway. In the book Myrdun (Lat. Eriophorum) he published letters elaborating on the local culture, but also transcended his observations into the realms of mythology and the unseen. In the novel Besuch auf Godenholm (A visit to Godenholm) Jünger further explores the realms of the human mind, alluding to Nordic culture, but also by means of a hallucinating trip to counteract the cultural despair in the aftermath of the Second World War. The article explores Jüngers transformation of a factual landscape into literature of different genres and modes of expression. Jüngers picture of Romsdal is also compared to the notion made by the Nobel laureate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson who was raised in Romsdal.
1935 年夏天，恩斯特-荣格在挪威西海岸 Romsdal 地区的 Eidsbygda 小村庄逗留了七个星期。在《Myrdun》（拉丁语：Eriophorum）一书中，他发表了阐述当地文化的信件，同时也将自己的观察延伸到神话和看不见的领域。在小说《拜访戈登霍尔姆》（Besuch auf Godenholm）中，荣格进一步探索了人类的思想领域，暗指北欧文化，同时也通过一次幻觉之旅消除了第二次世界大战后的文化绝望。文章探讨了容格将现实景观转化为不同体裁和表达方式的文学作品的过程。文章还将荣格笔下的罗姆斯达尔与在罗姆斯达尔长大的诺贝尔文学奖得主比约恩森的概念进行了比较。
{"title":"Romsdalens topografiske magi","authors":"Heming H. Gujord","doi":"10.1515/ejss-2023-2009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2009","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer of 1935 Ernst Jünger stayed for seven weeks in the small village Eidsbygda in the Romsdal-region on the west coast of Norway. In the book <jats:italic>Myrdun</jats:italic> (Lat. <jats:italic>Eriophorum</jats:italic>) he published letters elaborating on the local culture, but also transcended his observations into the realms of mythology and the unseen. In the novel <jats:italic>Besuch auf Godenholm</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>A visit to Godenholm</jats:italic>) Jünger further explores the realms of the human mind, alluding to Nordic culture, but also by means of a hallucinating trip to counteract the cultural despair in the aftermath of the Second World War. The article explores Jüngers transformation of a factual landscape into literature of different genres and modes of expression. Jüngers picture of Romsdal is also compared to the notion made by the Nobel laureate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson who was raised in Romsdal.","PeriodicalId":40403,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Scandinavian Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The essay examines the exclusive journey to Scandinavia of the 34-year-old Austrian poet Arthur Schnitzler in the summer of 1896 on the basis of its documentation in the diary as well as in various correspondences. Especially in his love letters to his mistress Marie Reinhard, the young Viennese author, creates the ,fictional idea of an imaginary journey for two‘ in order to let her participate in his experiences abroad. On this source basis, Schnitzler’s ,touristic view‘ of the north and Western Norway in particular, as well as its productive reception in his literary work, are discussed in order to show the fictional as well as factual components of his image of the north and of northerness in general.
{"title":"Ein Wiener am Nordkap","authors":"Julia Ilgner","doi":"10.1515/ejss-2023-2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2012","url":null,"abstract":"The essay examines the exclusive journey to Scandinavia of the 34-year-old Austrian poet Arthur Schnitzler in the summer of 1896 on the basis of its documentation in the diary as well as in various correspondences. Especially in his love letters to his mistress Marie Reinhard, the young Viennese author, creates the ,fictional idea of an imaginary journey for two‘ in order to let her participate in his experiences abroad. On this source basis, Schnitzler’s ,touristic view‘ of the north and Western Norway in particular, as well as its productive reception in his literary work, are discussed in order to show the fictional as well as factual components of his image of the north and of northerness in general.","PeriodicalId":40403,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Scandinavian Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arno Schmidt is one of the most thoroughly researched German post-war authors. However, there is a significant gap with regard to his stationing in Øverås, Norway, as part of the German occupation troops during the Second World War. This applies not only to Schmidt’s experiences in Norway, but also to the influence of this period on his literary work. Accordingly, I will pursue the question of how Schmidt used his ’Norwegian years’ in his literary work. In particular, I will consider the influence of Nordic mythology on the group of the so-called “Juvenilia”, four of which originated in Norway.
{"title":"„So muß Loki gelacht haben“: Zum Einfluss nordischer Mythologie auf Arno Schmidts Juvenilia","authors":"Nikolas Buck","doi":"10.1515/ejss-2023-2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2017","url":null,"abstract":"Arno Schmidt is one of the most thoroughly researched German post-war authors. However, there is a significant gap with regard to his stationing in Øverås, Norway, as part of the German occupation troops during the Second World War. This applies not only to Schmidt’s experiences in Norway, but also to the influence of this period on his literary work. Accordingly, I will pursue the question of how Schmidt used his ’Norwegian years’ in his literary work. In particular, I will consider the influence of Nordic mythology on the group of the so-called “Juvenilia”, four of which originated in Norway.","PeriodicalId":40403,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Scandinavian Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to its impressive nature and culture, the Hardanger region was a well-known and popular destination for Germans at the beginning of the 20th century. In the small village of Lofthus, art collector Bertha Rohlsen and gymnastics pioneer Bess Mensendieck even moved into their own summer homes. The expressionist painter Karl Schmidt-Rottluff was also a guest there and created images of the North that broke with traditional ways of seeing. This article examines the cultural contacts between people and landscape as well as the different kinds of cultural transfers that were made possible by the experience of space.
{"title":"Häuser am Hardangerfjord als Orte deutsch-norwegischer Kulturkontakte: Bertha Rohlsen, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff und Bess Mensendieck in Lofthus","authors":"Carolin Vogel","doi":"10.1515/ejss-2023-2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2011","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its impressive nature and culture, the Hardanger region was a well-known and popular destination for Germans at the beginning of the 20th century. In the small village of Lofthus, art collector Bertha Rohlsen and gymnastics pioneer Bess Mensendieck even moved into their own summer homes. The expressionist painter Karl Schmidt-Rottluff was also a guest there and created images of the North that broke with traditional ways of seeing. This article examines the cultural contacts between people and landscape as well as the different kinds of cultural transfers that were made possible by the experience of space.","PeriodicalId":40403,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Scandinavian Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article pursues two objectives: as a software-based study, it first demonstrates how quantitative methods can be employed to harvest data, which is hard to retrieve as thoroughly and systematically without digital tools. In combination with ‘classic’, qualitative analyses, such an approach can contribute greatly to gaining new perspectives on (medieval) literary sources. Secondly, this article offers a case study of Jómsvíkinga saga (AM 291 4to) with particular focus on the narrative voice and its narratorial comments. They are used intentionally not only to select, structure, and guide the plot but also to embed the saga into the larger extradiegetic narrative tradition. Despite their brevity, the role of the comments goes beyond narratological organisation because they are simultaneously self-reflective on the process of narration. The narrative voice thus crafts a particular, highly artistic narrative about the adventures of the early Danish kings and the Jómsvikings.
{"title":"The Narrative Voice and its Comments: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Jómsvíkinga saga","authors":"Anna Katharina Heiniger","doi":"10.1515/ejss-2023-2015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2015","url":null,"abstract":"This article pursues two objectives: as a software-based study, it first demonstrates how quantitative methods can be employed to harvest data, which is hard to retrieve as thoroughly and systematically without digital tools. In combination with ‘classic’, qualitative analyses, such an approach can contribute greatly to gaining new perspectives on (medieval) literary sources. Secondly, this article offers a case study of <jats:italic>Jómsvíkinga saga</jats:italic> (AM 291 4to) with particular focus on the narrative voice and its narratorial comments. They are used intentionally not only to select, structure, and guide the plot but also to embed the saga into the larger extradiegetic narrative tradition. Despite their brevity, the role of the comments goes beyond narratological organisation because they are simultaneously self-reflective on the process of narration. The narrative voice thus crafts a particular, highly artistic narrative about the adventures of the early Danish kings and the Jómsvikings.","PeriodicalId":40403,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Scandinavian Studies","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is about differentiating the notion of cultural contact. Not every journey serves the exchange between different cultures when the travellers take on the role of an observer who does not or rarely interact with the observed, but rather projects his or her ideas and needs into them. Looking at the German authors Ernst Jünger and Edzard Schaper, the paper shows how this ,asymmetrical‘ cultural contact is realised in diaristic writings of both authors and what relationship of ,sentimental‘ observer and ,naïve‘ observed becomes visible in the process.
{"title":"Sentimentale Beobachter und naive Beobachtete","authors":"Niels Penke","doi":"10.1515/ejss-2023-2008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2008","url":null,"abstract":"This article is about differentiating the notion of cultural contact. Not every journey serves the exchange between different cultures when the travellers take on the role of an observer who does not or rarely interact with the observed, but rather projects his or her ideas and needs into them. Looking at the German authors Ernst Jünger and Edzard Schaper, the paper shows how this ,asymmetrical‘ cultural contact is realised in diaristic writings of both authors and what relationship of ,sentimental‘ observer and ,naïve‘ observed becomes visible in the process.","PeriodicalId":40403,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Scandinavian Studies","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the sixth volume of Min kamp, Karl Ove Knausgård focuses on the European male generation that was significantly shaped by World War I. Knausgård also mentions the Lieutenant and later author Ernst Jünger (1895–1998), whose early autobiographical texts show only a perception of the self – but not a perception of the other. Based on Knausgård’s observation, this article examines to what extent a shift in perspective can be observed in Jünger’s travel literature, which was written during his time in Romsdal (Eidsbygda). This genre provides a promising subject for investigation, as writing about the other requires the physical presence of the other in direct confrontation.
在《Min kamp》第六卷中，卡尔-奥维-克瑙斯高（Karl Ove Knausgård）重点描写了受第一次世界大战重大影响的欧洲男性一代。克瑙斯高还提到了中尉和后来的作家恩斯特-荣格（Ernst Jünger，1895-1998 年），他的早期自传体文章只展现了对自我的感知，却没有展现对他人的感知。根据克瑙斯高尔德的观察，本文研究了在荣格的旅行文学作品中可以观察到的视角转变的程度，这些作品是他在罗姆斯达尔（艾兹比格达）期间创作的。这种体裁提供了一个很有前景的研究课题，因为书写他人需要直接面对他人的实际存在。
{"title":"Das ,Ich‘, das ,Sie‘ und das ,Du‘ in Ernst Jüngers norwegischen Reisetagebuch Myrdun (1943)","authors":"Simon Hansen","doi":"10.1515/ejss-2023-2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2013","url":null,"abstract":"In the sixth volume of <jats:italic>Min kamp</jats:italic>, Karl Ove Knausgård focuses on the European male generation that was significantly shaped by World War I. Knausgård also mentions the Lieutenant and later author Ernst Jünger (1895–1998), whose early autobiographical texts show only a perception of the self – but not a perception of the other. Based on Knausgård’s observation, this article examines to what extent a shift in perspective can be observed in Jünger’s travel literature, which was written during his time in Romsdal (Eidsbygda). This genre provides a promising subject for investigation, as writing about the other requires the physical presence of the other in direct confrontation.","PeriodicalId":40403,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Scandinavian Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this article is to analyse the narrative functions of mixed modality in Jómsvíkinga saga, a text that combines elements of different saga genres, primarily the kings’ sagas and the legendary sagas. It is argued here that the mixed modality is not a sign of the early saga’s imperfection, but it serves as a narrative device that contributes to the saga’s capacity to indirectly express commentary on social issues that were current at the time of the saga’s composition.
{"title":"The (Vi)Kings’ Saga: Mixed Modality as the Key to the Construction of Meaning in Jómsvíkinga saga","authors":"Lucie Korecká","doi":"10.1515/ejss-2023-2016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2016","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this article is to analyse the narrative functions of mixed modality in <jats:italic>Jómsvíkinga saga</jats:italic>, a text that combines elements of different saga genres, primarily the kings’ sagas and the legendary sagas. It is argued here that the mixed modality is not a sign of the early saga’s imperfection, but it serves as a narrative device that contributes to the saga’s capacity to indirectly express commentary on social issues that were current at the time of the saga’s composition.","PeriodicalId":40403,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Scandinavian Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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