Pub Date : 1998-09-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719352
J. Degnan
Satellite laser ranging (SLR) to an artificial satellite equipped with a passive retroreflector array was first demonstrated by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in 1964. Over the past three decades, the range precision has improved by roughly three orders of magnitude - from a few meters to a few millimeters - and over 50 satellites have been tracked by laser. Today, an international network of over 40 stations routinely track a constellation of over 20 artificial satellites and the Moon in support of a wide range of applications. Science applications include a a geocentric global reference frame accurate to a centimeter, the monitoring of tectonic plate motion, regional crustal deformation near plate boundaries, the static and time varying components of the Earth’s gravity field, motion of the Earth’s spin axis, variations in the Earth rotation rate (Length of Day), surface topography (oceans, land, and ice), monitoring of large mass movements within the atmosphere and oceans and providing constraints to global circulation models, lunar physics, general relativity, and the measurement of fundamental physical constants. Engineering applications include precise orbit prediction, the measurement of nonconservative forces in space, subnanosecond global time transfer between atomic clocks and the calibration and testing of groundbased microwave radars as well as new spacebased navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS).
{"title":"An Introduction to Subcentimeter Satellite Laser Ranging: Hardware and Applications","authors":"J. Degnan","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719352","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite laser ranging (SLR) to an artificial satellite equipped with a passive retroreflector array was first demonstrated by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in 1964. Over the past three decades, the range precision has improved by roughly three orders of magnitude - from a few meters to a few millimeters - and over 50 satellites have been tracked by laser. Today, an international network of over 40 stations routinely track a constellation of over 20 artificial satellites and the Moon in support of a wide range of applications. Science applications include a a geocentric global reference frame accurate to a centimeter, the monitoring of tectonic plate motion, regional crustal deformation near plate boundaries, the static and time varying components of the Earth’s gravity field, motion of the Earth’s spin axis, variations in the Earth rotation rate (Length of Day), surface topography (oceans, land, and ice), monitoring of large mass movements within the atmosphere and oceans and providing constraints to global circulation models, lunar physics, general relativity, and the measurement of fundamental physical constants. Engineering applications include precise orbit prediction, the measurement of nonconservative forces in space, subnanosecond global time transfer between atomic clocks and the calibration and testing of groundbased microwave radars as well as new spacebased navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS).","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127297060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719595
C. Wyss, W. Luthy, H. Weber
{"title":"Q-Switching and Scaling of a Diode-Pumped Er:YLF Laser at 2.8 /spl mu/m","authors":"C. Wyss, W. Luthy, H. Weber","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127370421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719402
K. Taguchi, K. Fukushima, A. Ishitani, M. Ikeda
Semiconductor ring lasers have many capabilities of realizing new functional devices, such as retiming circuits, logic devices or optical ring gyros. M. Ikeda et al. proposed self-detection method of lasing characteristics for semiconductor ring lasers without branching optical lasing power[1]. The lasing power and the line width as a function of the injection current have been measured with detecting the RF power by the terminal voltage change of a ring LD. In this paper, we demonstrate that semiconductor ring laser operates as Q-switched optical pulse generator. Q-switched lasers are very attractive sources in many applications such as optical communication system.
{"title":"Self-Pulsation in a Semiconductor Ring Laser","authors":"K. Taguchi, K. Fukushima, A. Ishitani, M. Ikeda","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719402","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor ring lasers have many capabilities of realizing new functional devices, such as retiming circuits, logic devices or optical ring gyros. M. Ikeda et al. proposed self-detection method of lasing characteristics for semiconductor ring lasers without branching optical lasing power[1]. The lasing power and the line width as a function of the injection current have been measured with detecting the RF power by the terminal voltage change of a ring LD. In this paper, we demonstrate that semiconductor ring laser operates as Q-switched optical pulse generator. Q-switched lasers are very attractive sources in many applications such as optical communication system.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128938333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719498
C. Bosco, L. Acioli
The nonreciprocal effect introduced by the gain media in a Kerr-lens-modelocked laser is considered. For real nonlinear optical susceptibilities in media without gain or losses phase conjugation is reciprocal[1], the same happening in a cavity where gain is neglected. Once gain is considered, the position of the laser crystal may discriminate between the clockwise and anticlockwise beams through the self-focusing effect, similar to what happens in a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). In the present analysis this assymmetry is attributed to the gain dependence on the position z within the laser crystal, due to pump beam depletion. The laser beam that propagates in the same direction as the pump beam acquires a larger nonlinear phase shift, compared to the counterpropagating beam, and therefore suffers a greater self-focusing effect.
{"title":"Kerr Nonlinearity and Nonreciprocity in a Ring Laser Cavity","authors":"C. Bosco, L. Acioli","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719498","url":null,"abstract":"The nonreciprocal effect introduced by the gain media in a Kerr-lens-modelocked laser is considered. For real nonlinear optical susceptibilities in media without gain or losses phase conjugation is reciprocal[1], the same happening in a cavity where gain is neglected. Once gain is considered, the position of the laser crystal may discriminate between the clockwise and anticlockwise beams through the self-focusing effect, similar to what happens in a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). In the present analysis this assymmetry is attributed to the gain dependence on the position z within the laser crystal, due to pump beam depletion. The laser beam that propagates in the same direction as the pump beam acquires a larger nonlinear phase shift, compared to the counterpropagating beam, and therefore suffers a greater self-focusing effect.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126914276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719452
V. Kamenov, B. Sturman, J. Frejlich, K. Ringhofer
When recording phase volume holograms in photorefractive crystals, stabilization is often desirable so that the external conditions are constant during recording. A method of stabilization by using phase modulation in a feedback loop has been developed by Frejlich and Kamshilin. The method has been applied to LiNbO3, yielding the surprising side effect that for a large range of experimental parameters a diffraction efficiency, η, of 100 % could be achieved.1 Experiments have also been performed in the sillenites.2 There such a large diffraction efficiency is of course not possible, but there is another welcome side effect: by changing experimental parameters the detuning frequency, Ω, between the signal wave and the pump wave could be given an arbitrary value. As a consequence, the resonance of diffraction efficiency and gain as a function of detuning, fundamental for all applications of sillenites, can be exploited in experiments which at the same time are run stabilized.
{"title":"A Model for Feedback-Stabilization in Sillenites","authors":"V. Kamenov, B. Sturman, J. Frejlich, K. Ringhofer","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719452","url":null,"abstract":"When recording phase volume holograms in photorefractive crystals, stabilization is often desirable so that the external conditions are constant during recording. A method of stabilization by using phase modulation in a feedback loop has been developed by Frejlich and Kamshilin. The method has been applied to LiNbO3, yielding the surprising side effect that for a large range of experimental parameters a diffraction efficiency, η, of 100 % could be achieved.1 Experiments have also been performed in the sillenites.2 There such a large diffraction efficiency is of course not possible, but there is another welcome side effect: by changing experimental parameters the detuning frequency, Ω, between the signal wave and the pump wave could be given an arbitrary value. As a consequence, the resonance of diffraction efficiency and gain as a function of detuning, fundamental for all applications of sillenites, can be exploited in experiments which at the same time are run stabilized.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130788158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719349
E. K. Squire, P. A. Snow, P. Russell
It has been shown experimentally that the periodic microstructuring of the porosity in porous silicon (PS) resonant cavity light emitting devices (RCLEDs) radically improves their emission linewidth and beam quality1. However, an important issue not yet fully addressed is the precise role played by this periodic microstructuring, given that the luminescence is distributed throughout the whole structure and that the low porosity layers are highly absorbing. A greater understanding of this emission process is clearly essential for the optimisation of PS LEDs.
{"title":"Light Emission in Periodically Microstructured Porous Silicon","authors":"E. K. Squire, P. A. Snow, P. Russell","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719349","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown experimentally that the periodic microstructuring of the porosity in porous silicon (PS) resonant cavity light emitting devices (RCLEDs) radically improves their emission linewidth and beam quality1. However, an important issue not yet fully addressed is the precise role played by this periodic microstructuring, given that the luminescence is distributed throughout the whole structure and that the low porosity layers are highly absorbing. A greater understanding of this emission process is clearly essential for the optimisation of PS LEDs.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132863243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718904
R. Oltra, C. Sartori, J. Boquillon
Heating power of continuous lasers (CO2) has been demonstrated to motivate the spall of coatings by generating compressive stress in the coating1. On the other hand, dynamic spallation of coatings can be checked by using pulsed lasers, as shown in the pionnering work presented by Vossen2. Quantitative modelling of this laser spallation technique was performed by V. Gupta allowing to determine the interface strength of several metal-ceramic interfaces3. The same approach has been used by M.W. Sigrist for plasma sprayed ceramic coatings4.
{"title":"Pulse Laser Removal of Sputtered Oxide Films: Measurement of Adhesion Strength","authors":"R. Oltra, C. Sartori, J. Boquillon","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718904","url":null,"abstract":"Heating power of continuous lasers (CO2) has been demonstrated to motivate the spall of coatings by generating compressive stress in the coating1. On the other hand, dynamic spallation of coatings can be checked by using pulsed lasers, as shown in the pionnering work presented by Vossen2. Quantitative modelling of this laser spallation technique was performed by V. Gupta allowing to determine the interface strength of several metal-ceramic interfaces3. The same approach has been used by M.W. Sigrist for plasma sprayed ceramic coatings4.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132051285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719359
F. Beinhorn, J. Ihlemann
Laser ablation of polyimide (PI) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at 248 nm with pulse lengths varied over six decades, from 200 fs to 250 ns, is presented. In order to obtain the desired pulse lengths in the femto- and picosecond range, the chirped 500 fs pulses of a hybrid dye-excimer laser system were modulated by a stretcher/compressor setup, mainly consisting of a pair of parallely mounted holographic reflection gratings with adjustable spacing, that introduces a defined group delay dispersion. Ablation was performed in vacuum with a mask projection setup.
{"title":"Pulse Length Dependent Laser Ablation of Polymers","authors":"F. Beinhorn, J. Ihlemann","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.719359","url":null,"abstract":"Laser ablation of polyimide (PI) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at 248 nm with pulse lengths varied over six decades, from 200 fs to 250 ns, is presented. In order to obtain the desired pulse lengths in the femto- and picosecond range, the chirped 500 fs pulses of a hybrid dye-excimer laser system were modulated by a stretcher/compressor setup, mainly consisting of a pair of parallely mounted holographic reflection gratings with adjustable spacing, that introduces a defined group delay dispersion. Ablation was performed in vacuum with a mask projection setup.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130461158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-14DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718940
I. E. Barry, G. W. Ross, P. Smith, R. Eason
Lithium niobate is extensively used in a wide range of applications, due to its favourable electrooptic, acousto-optic, piezoelectric, elastic and photorefractive properties. The ability to engineer precisely controlled and very smooth structures has applications in lateral guidance such as waveguides and modulators, for multiple arrays in photonic bandgap structures and for surface acoustic wave devices such as filters and time delays.
{"title":"Fabrication and Optimisation of Waveguides in Lithium Niobate by Differential Etching Following Spatially Selective Domain Inversion","authors":"I. E. Barry, G. W. Ross, P. Smith, R. Eason","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.1998.718940","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium niobate is extensively used in a wide range of applications, due to its favourable electrooptic, acousto-optic, piezoelectric, elastic and photorefractive properties. The ability to engineer precisely controlled and very smooth structures has applications in lateral guidance such as waveguides and modulators, for multiple arrays in photonic bandgap structures and for surface acoustic wave devices such as filters and time delays.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129208071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Vyskubenko, I. M. Krukovsky, A. A. Adamenkov, Y. Deryugin, S. Ilyin, E. Kudryashov
The results of the Singlet Oxygen Generator with Twisted Aerosol flow (TA-SOG) investigations are presented. The experimental results demonstrate TA-SOG output values exceed those of other types SOGs known from publications. TA-SOG outflow is aerosol-free all over the broadly ranged parameters even at a gas pressure over 100 Torr and velocity 100 m/sec. The maximal chemical efficiency was obtained as 70 percent. The reactor cross-sectional electronic energy flux exceeds 1.5 kW/cm2. Measured Singlet Oxygen (SO) yield was approximately 60 percent at the pressure 12- Torr at the measurement point distant by more than 10 cm of reactor outlet. Chlorine utilization exceeds 90 percent. All the listed parameters were obtained without any buffer at its outlet. It is directly connected to COIL supersonic nozzle not fearing BHP carryover. So, TA-SOG output and nozzle input pressures are almost equal without additional ejectors. TA-SOG model created provides atmospheric pressure of the spent solution at SOG outlet, which simplifies sufficiently the re-circulation system design.
{"title":"Investigation of the Singlet Oxygen Generator with the Twisted Flow","authors":"B. Vyskubenko, I. M. Krukovsky, A. A. Adamenkov, Y. Deryugin, S. Ilyin, E. Kudryashov","doi":"10.1117/12.384265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.384265","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the Singlet Oxygen Generator with Twisted Aerosol flow (TA-SOG) investigations are presented. The experimental results demonstrate TA-SOG output values exceed those of other types SOGs known from publications. TA-SOG outflow is aerosol-free all over the broadly ranged parameters even at a gas pressure over 100 Torr and velocity 100 m/sec. The maximal chemical efficiency was obtained as 70 percent. The reactor cross-sectional electronic energy flux exceeds 1.5 kW/cm2. Measured Singlet Oxygen (SO) yield was approximately 60 percent at the pressure 12- Torr at the measurement point distant by more than 10 cm of reactor outlet. Chlorine utilization exceeds 90 percent. All the listed parameters were obtained without any buffer at its outlet. It is directly connected to COIL supersonic nozzle not fearing BHP carryover. So, TA-SOG output and nozzle input pressures are almost equal without additional ejectors. TA-SOG model created provides atmospheric pressure of the spent solution at SOG outlet, which simplifies sufficiently the re-circulation system design.","PeriodicalId":404067,"journal":{"name":"CLEO/Europe Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128809428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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