Using a deep learning technology for welding defect detection and classification could improve the quality and productivity of the welding industry. However, developing the deep learning model based on the supervised learning method requires a large amount of data for good and defective welding. The welding technicians nowadays have been well trained and rarely produce the imperfect welds. Thus, lack of defective welding samples poses a major challenge to design welds defect samples necessary for developing the deep learning model. In this paper, a model and a method are established based on the standard for initial quality assessment in external surface imperfection. The method is used to create imperfection on aluminum plate specimen and to design an experiment using a 3D laser scanner for detecting cracks on weld bead and to generate three-dimensional models for welding quality assessment by visual testing technic (VT) in accordance with the ISO 9712 and American Society of Mechanical Engineer (ASME). The model of the calibration specimen that has been designed is used as a tool to create imperfection (crack) according to ISO-6520-1. As per the design principles of creating cracks, these are at the root of weld, at the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and at the parent material. We determine the size of the cracks by dividing the size according to the location of the cracks in order to obtain a total of 47 cracks in 1 specimen. With this design principle, the specimens will be realistic and it is necessary for the detection software to be highly accurate to correctly detect and classify cracks on actual weld beads.
{"title":"Designing of Welding Defect Samples for Data Mining in Defect Detection and Classification using 3D Geometric Scanners","authors":"Papatsorn Singhatham, Suthada Srigate, Sansiri Tanachutiwat","doi":"10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999939","url":null,"abstract":"Using a deep learning technology for welding defect detection and classification could improve the quality and productivity of the welding industry. However, developing the deep learning model based on the supervised learning method requires a large amount of data for good and defective welding. The welding technicians nowadays have been well trained and rarely produce the imperfect welds. Thus, lack of defective welding samples poses a major challenge to design welds defect samples necessary for developing the deep learning model. In this paper, a model and a method are established based on the standard for initial quality assessment in external surface imperfection. The method is used to create imperfection on aluminum plate specimen and to design an experiment using a 3D laser scanner for detecting cracks on weld bead and to generate three-dimensional models for welding quality assessment by visual testing technic (VT) in accordance with the ISO 9712 and American Society of Mechanical Engineer (ASME). The model of the calibration specimen that has been designed is used as a tool to create imperfection (crack) according to ISO-6520-1. As per the design principles of creating cracks, these are at the root of weld, at the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and at the parent material. We determine the size of the cracks by dividing the size according to the location of the cracks in order to obtain a total of 47 cracks in 1 specimen. With this design principle, the specimens will be realistic and it is necessary for the detection software to be highly accurate to correctly detect and classify cracks on actual weld beads.","PeriodicalId":404700,"journal":{"name":"2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130838794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999877
P. Wannapiroon, Nutthapat Kaewrattanapat, Jakkrit Premsmith
Higher Education. The research methodology was divided into 2 phases; first phase was developing Cloud Learning Management Systems for Higher Education, and second phase was to study the students' satisfaction by using the CLMS in 8 weeks. The samples of study were 120 undergraduate students in King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rajabhat University, and Private University. The research tools were: the CLMS, the efficiency evolution form, and the students' satisfaction evolution form. Arithmetic were analyzed using mathematic mean, and standard deviation. The finding revealed that: The Cloud Learning Management Systems (CLMS) for higher education were comprised of 7 modules: (1) course management, (2) content management, (3) course tools, (4) test and evaluation system, (5) data management, (6) challenge-based scaffolding, and (7) challenge-based learning activity. The evaluation of efficiency overall level was excellent (X = 4.79, S.D. = 0.43). The evaluation of satisfaction after using the CLMS overall level was highest (X = 4.76, S.D. = 0.49).
{"title":"Development of Cloud Learning Management Systems for Higher Education Institutions","authors":"P. Wannapiroon, Nutthapat Kaewrattanapat, Jakkrit Premsmith","doi":"10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999877","url":null,"abstract":"Higher Education. The research methodology was divided into 2 phases; first phase was developing Cloud Learning Management Systems for Higher Education, and second phase was to study the students' satisfaction by using the CLMS in 8 weeks. The samples of study were 120 undergraduate students in King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rajabhat University, and Private University. The research tools were: the CLMS, the efficiency evolution form, and the students' satisfaction evolution form. Arithmetic were analyzed using mathematic mean, and standard deviation. The finding revealed that: The Cloud Learning Management Systems (CLMS) for higher education were comprised of 7 modules: (1) course management, (2) content management, (3) course tools, (4) test and evaluation system, (5) data management, (6) challenge-based scaffolding, and (7) challenge-based learning activity. The evaluation of efficiency overall level was excellent (X = 4.79, S.D. = 0.43). The evaluation of satisfaction after using the CLMS overall level was highest (X = 4.76, S.D. = 0.49).","PeriodicalId":404700,"journal":{"name":"2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130845575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999880
Risul Islam Rasel, N. Sultana, G.M. Azharul Islam, M. Islam, P. Meesad
Earthquake prediction concerns specifying the earthquake's occurrence time, location, latitude, longitude, and intensity level. The determination of factors for the next earthquake happening in a region is very hard, almost impossible because earthquake occurrence depends on many things, such as changes in global warming, underground seismic wave, underground explosions, and underground rocks colliding, etc. But, nowadays, many types of research have been done around the world to build an earthquake warning system which upon detection of an earthquake, provides a real-time warning to the neighboring regions that might be affected. In this study, only the Spatio-temporal seismic data of Bangladesh is analyzed to propose an earthquake prediction model using the probabilistic assumption of the next earthquake happening in and around the Bangladesh region. The experimental dataset contains 100 years of a historical earthquake happening records in and around Bangladesh from the year 1918 to 2018 and this data is collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department's (BMD) climate division. A comparative and comprehensive analysis is done to identify the best-suited model for earthquake prediction using some pioneer computationally intelligent and probabilistic machine learning algorithms, such as support vector machine, random forest, decision tree, naïve Bayes, and k-nearest neighbor.
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Seismic Data Analysis for Predicting Earthquake: Bangladesh Perspective","authors":"Risul Islam Rasel, N. Sultana, G.M. Azharul Islam, M. Islam, P. Meesad","doi":"10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999880","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake prediction concerns specifying the earthquake's occurrence time, location, latitude, longitude, and intensity level. The determination of factors for the next earthquake happening in a region is very hard, almost impossible because earthquake occurrence depends on many things, such as changes in global warming, underground seismic wave, underground explosions, and underground rocks colliding, etc. But, nowadays, many types of research have been done around the world to build an earthquake warning system which upon detection of an earthquake, provides a real-time warning to the neighboring regions that might be affected. In this study, only the Spatio-temporal seismic data of Bangladesh is analyzed to propose an earthquake prediction model using the probabilistic assumption of the next earthquake happening in and around the Bangladesh region. The experimental dataset contains 100 years of a historical earthquake happening records in and around Bangladesh from the year 1918 to 2018 and this data is collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department's (BMD) climate division. A comparative and comprehensive analysis is done to identify the best-suited model for earthquake prediction using some pioneer computationally intelligent and probabilistic machine learning algorithms, such as support vector machine, random forest, decision tree, naïve Bayes, and k-nearest neighbor.","PeriodicalId":404700,"journal":{"name":"2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121197289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999908
S. Chaimool, Kamonpan Kaewheang, Chonnipa Thanomdumrongsak, Amornsak Rattanawongsawat
To overcome very narrow line widths from high impedances of microstrip line, non-uniform dielectric substrates with different infill percentages were analyzed and designed. With current development in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, it can create the different permittivity values using a single filament material, which is used in the various portions of a microwave device. This paper presents the fabricated planar lowpass filters using non-uniform printed substrates that combines of nontoxic material polylactic acid (PLA) to produce novel dielectric substrates using 3D printer. Dielectric constant and loss tangent of the proposed substrate can be customed with different infill densities over a frequency range of 0.01-6 GHz. Two lowpass filters with a cutoff frequency of 2.2 GHz including a stepped impedance type and a stub type are designed and implemented. Good agreement between simulation and measurement results.
{"title":"Lowpass Filters with Non-uniform Dielectric Properties using 3D Synthetic Printed Substrates","authors":"S. Chaimool, Kamonpan Kaewheang, Chonnipa Thanomdumrongsak, Amornsak Rattanawongsawat","doi":"10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999908","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome very narrow line widths from high impedances of microstrip line, non-uniform dielectric substrates with different infill percentages were analyzed and designed. With current development in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, it can create the different permittivity values using a single filament material, which is used in the various portions of a microwave device. This paper presents the fabricated planar lowpass filters using non-uniform printed substrates that combines of nontoxic material polylactic acid (PLA) to produce novel dielectric substrates using 3D printer. Dielectric constant and loss tangent of the proposed substrate can be customed with different infill densities over a frequency range of 0.01-6 GHz. Two lowpass filters with a cutoff frequency of 2.2 GHz including a stepped impedance type and a stub type are designed and implemented. Good agreement between simulation and measurement results.","PeriodicalId":404700,"journal":{"name":"2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126118362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999914
Tarit Rattanamanee, Wanida Laoraksakiat
This paper presents a multi-objective model for solving ergonomic workforce scheduling with considered bi hazard exposure in the workplace. Most ergonomic workforce scheduling problems (WSPs) are concerned with single ergonomics hazard exposure when developing work schedules for workers to prevent their daily hazard exposures from exceeding a permissible limit. The two kinds of hazard types are considered, called constant- and variable-limit hazard. A mathematical model for multi-objective is developed as a MIP model. The objective is to determine optimal daily rotating work schedules, which considers two objective functions. Both objective functions intend to minimize the maximum hazard exposure among workers. A numerical example that considers the workplace with noise and physical workload hazard is presented and solved by CPLEX. The result yields the optimal solution for both single and multi-objective model.
{"title":"A Multi-objective Model for Ergonomic Workforce Scheduling with Bi Hazard Considerations","authors":"Tarit Rattanamanee, Wanida Laoraksakiat","doi":"10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999914","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a multi-objective model for solving ergonomic workforce scheduling with considered bi hazard exposure in the workplace. Most ergonomic workforce scheduling problems (WSPs) are concerned with single ergonomics hazard exposure when developing work schedules for workers to prevent their daily hazard exposures from exceeding a permissible limit. The two kinds of hazard types are considered, called constant- and variable-limit hazard. A mathematical model for multi-objective is developed as a MIP model. The objective is to determine optimal daily rotating work schedules, which considers two objective functions. Both objective functions intend to minimize the maximum hazard exposure among workers. A numerical example that considers the workplace with noise and physical workload hazard is presented and solved by CPLEX. The result yields the optimal solution for both single and multi-objective model.","PeriodicalId":404700,"journal":{"name":"2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114936897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999910
S. Sriprang, B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, N. Takorabet, S. Pierfederici, P. Mungporn, P. Thounthong, N. Bizon, P. Kuman, Z. Shah
Because of the high-torque's capability and power factor as well as high-speed flux-weakening region operation, the permanent-magnet assisted synchronous motor (PMA-SynRM) is a right candidate for the next generations of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control scheme of the PMA-SynRM presented in this paper can be used to minimize the copper losses of the system and utilize the field-weakening control scheme. A small-scale “1 kW prototype PMA-SynRM” was designed and manufactured to test and examine the proposed control in the laboratory. The proposed algorithm was digitally carried out using the MicroLab Box dSPACE. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the performance of the proposed control scheme was determined.
{"title":"Maximum Torque per Ampere and Field-weakening Controls for the High-Speed Operation of Permanent-Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors","authors":"S. Sriprang, B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, N. Takorabet, S. Pierfederici, P. Mungporn, P. Thounthong, N. Bizon, P. Kuman, Z. Shah","doi":"10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999910","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the high-torque's capability and power factor as well as high-speed flux-weakening region operation, the permanent-magnet assisted synchronous motor (PMA-SynRM) is a right candidate for the next generations of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control scheme of the PMA-SynRM presented in this paper can be used to minimize the copper losses of the system and utilize the field-weakening control scheme. A small-scale “1 kW prototype PMA-SynRM” was designed and manufactured to test and examine the proposed control in the laboratory. The proposed algorithm was digitally carried out using the MicroLab Box dSPACE. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the performance of the proposed control scheme was determined.","PeriodicalId":404700,"journal":{"name":"2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122254154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999890
Nattapon Panmala, P. Sriyanyong
This paper presents a design and implementation of the passive harmonic filter using the simulation tool. The results of the simulation tool are calculated from the various system parameters including transmission line, distribution system, static load, harmonic load, capacitor bank, and passive harmonic filter. The simulation program can be divided the calculations into 2 parts. The first part is the power factor correction calculation by using the capacitor bank. The second is the calculation for designing passive harmonics filter application. The results of the analytical methods illustrate Power Factor (PF) correction, Total Harmonics Voltage Distortion (THDV) and Capacitive rated current, which especially consider designing of the passive harmonic filter. The simulation program was carried out using MATLAB with user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). In addition, the simulation program can be used as teaching aids for Power System Harmonics.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Passive Harmonic Filter Using Simulation Tool","authors":"Nattapon Panmala, P. Sriyanyong","doi":"10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999890","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design and implementation of the passive harmonic filter using the simulation tool. The results of the simulation tool are calculated from the various system parameters including transmission line, distribution system, static load, harmonic load, capacitor bank, and passive harmonic filter. The simulation program can be divided the calculations into 2 parts. The first part is the power factor correction calculation by using the capacitor bank. The second is the calculation for designing passive harmonics filter application. The results of the analytical methods illustrate Power Factor (PF) correction, Total Harmonics Voltage Distortion (THDV) and Capacitive rated current, which especially consider designing of the passive harmonic filter. The simulation program was carried out using MATLAB with user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). In addition, the simulation program can be used as teaching aids for Power System Harmonics.","PeriodicalId":404700,"journal":{"name":"2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121725737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999896
N. Chudpooti, Sukanya Chudpooti, P. Akkaraekthalin, I. Robertson, N. Somjit
Non-destructive thickness measurement offers a valuable feature for thin polymer-based applications in both industrial and medical utilization. Herein, we developed a novel, non-destructive, millimetre-wave WR-10 waveguide sensor for measuring a dielectric film layer on a transparent substrate. Complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) was integrated on top of a customized WR10 waveguide and operated at 96 GHz. The thickness of the SU-8 layers, ranging from 3–13 J.1m, coated on a glass substrate was then examined using the resonant frequency shift. The thickness values obtained from this novel sensor strongly resemble the values obtained from standard surface profiler measurement method, with less than 5 % difference. Thus, our novel design offers a comparable accuracy with a better cost effectiveness when compare with an existing commercial instrument.
{"title":"96-GHz Complementary Split Ring Resonator for Thin Photoresist Film Thickness Characterization","authors":"N. Chudpooti, Sukanya Chudpooti, P. Akkaraekthalin, I. Robertson, N. Somjit","doi":"10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999896","url":null,"abstract":"Non-destructive thickness measurement offers a valuable feature for thin polymer-based applications in both industrial and medical utilization. Herein, we developed a novel, non-destructive, millimetre-wave WR-10 waveguide sensor for measuring a dielectric film layer on a transparent substrate. Complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) was integrated on top of a customized WR10 waveguide and operated at 96 GHz. The thickness of the SU-8 layers, ranging from 3–13 J.1m, coated on a glass substrate was then examined using the resonant frequency shift. The thickness values obtained from this novel sensor strongly resemble the values obtained from standard surface profiler measurement method, with less than 5 % difference. Thus, our novel design offers a comparable accuracy with a better cost effectiveness when compare with an existing commercial instrument.","PeriodicalId":404700,"journal":{"name":"2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132257203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999964
B. T. Malik, V. Doychinov, S. A. R. Zaidi, I. Robertson, N. Somjit, R. Richardson, N. Chudpooti
This paper presents the design and implementation of efficient & compact flexible rectennas (antenna + rectifier) for wireless power transfer to wearable IoT sensor nodes at 24 GHz. Two different rectifier configurations i.e. shunt and voltage doubler have been analyzed for performance comparison. Experimental results of complete rectenna have also been demonstrated for conformal surfaces. The proposed flexible rectifiers is fabricated through conventional PCB manufacturing method. Measured RF-DC conversion efficiency of 31% and DC voltage of up to 2.4 V is achieved for 20 dBm input power across an optimal load resistance of 300Ω at 24 GHz.
{"title":"Flexible Rectennas for Wireless Power Transfer to Wearable Sensors at 24 GHz","authors":"B. T. Malik, V. Doychinov, S. A. R. Zaidi, I. Robertson, N. Somjit, R. Richardson, N. Chudpooti","doi":"10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C48728.2019.8999964","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and implementation of efficient & compact flexible rectennas (antenna + rectifier) for wireless power transfer to wearable IoT sensor nodes at 24 GHz. Two different rectifier configurations i.e. shunt and voltage doubler have been analyzed for performance comparison. Experimental results of complete rectenna have also been demonstrated for conformal surfaces. The proposed flexible rectifiers is fabricated through conventional PCB manufacturing method. Measured RF-DC conversion efficiency of 31% and DC voltage of up to 2.4 V is achieved for 20 dBm input power across an optimal load resistance of 300Ω at 24 GHz.","PeriodicalId":404700,"journal":{"name":"2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130901494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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