DNA is a complex molecule that consists of biological information that is passed down from generation to generation. With the evolution over time, there are different kinds of species that evolved from a common ancestor because of the occurrence of DNA sequence rearrangements. DNA sequence similarity analysis is a major challenge since the number of sequences is rapidly increasing in the DNA database. In this research, we based a mathematical method to analyze the similarity of two DNA sequences using Graph Theory. This mathematical method started by modeling a weighted directed graph for each DNA sequence, constructing its adjacency matrix, and converting it to the representative vector for each graph. From these vectors, the similarity was determined by distance measurements such as Euclidean, Cosine, and Correlation. By keeping this method as the based method, we will check whether it is applicable for any DNA fragments in considered genomes and molecular similarity coefficients can be used as distance measurements. We will obtain similarities using the graph spectrum instead of the representative vector. Then we will compare the results from the representative vector and that of the graph spectrum. The modified method is tested by using the mitochondrial DNA of Human, Gorilla, and Orangutan. It gives the same result when the number of nucleotides in DNA fragments is increased.
{"title":"Application of Graph Theory in DNA similarity analysis of Evolutionary Closed Species.","authors":"W. Karunasena, G. Wijesiri","doi":"10.17762/PAE.V58I1.1282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/PAE.V58I1.1282","url":null,"abstract":"DNA is a complex molecule that consists of biological information that is passed down from generation to generation. With the evolution over time, there are different kinds of species that evolved from a common ancestor because of the occurrence of DNA sequence rearrangements. DNA sequence similarity analysis is a major challenge since the number of sequences is rapidly increasing in the DNA database. In this research, we based a mathematical method to analyze the similarity of two DNA sequences using Graph Theory. This mathematical method started by modeling a weighted directed graph for each DNA sequence, constructing its adjacency matrix, and converting it to the representative vector for each graph. From these vectors, the similarity was determined by distance measurements such as Euclidean, Cosine, and Correlation. By keeping this method as the based method, we will check whether it is applicable for any DNA fragments in considered genomes and molecular similarity coefficients can be used as distance measurements. We will obtain similarities using the graph spectrum instead of the representative vector. Then we will compare the results from the representative vector and that of the graph spectrum. The modified method is tested by using the mitochondrial DNA of Human, Gorilla, and Orangutan. It gives the same result when the number of nucleotides in DNA fragments is increased.","PeriodicalId":404782,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Education Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132332310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facing the problem of matching growth and status, starting work, starting work, starting work, starting work, starting work, starting work, starting work, and the United Arab Emirates. This harmonization - by approving a set of exceptions of this nature has some of the effects and the secret idea behind it. As we see him, he relied on the idea of public order in order to set some exceptions related to the inventions themselves by excluding some of them from the requirement to obtain a patent certificate, which is stipulated in Article 6 of the Law on the Organization and Protection of Industrial Property, and he also made exceptions related to the rights established for the inventor, which are It gives him the power to monopolize and dominate the invention if the inventor has what is in conflict with the objectives of scientific research, which is stipulated in Article 19 of the aforementioned law, and we see that the UAE legislator has organized the idea of compulsory licensing contracts for pharmaceutical products in accordance with the interests of both the licensee and the licensee. Both. Research problem: considering that the pharmaceutical industry in the UAE is a strategic industry, and because of the fluctuation of drug prices in the global and local market. Therefore, the problem of this research will focus not on the extent to which the pharmaceutical industry in the Emirates can activate its role in the UAE national economy in light of the UAE pharmaceutical legislation, and whether these legislations were able to create a balance between secrecy in the pharmaceutical industry and scientific progress in this industry. research assumes: 1- There is no relationship between advances in the pharmaceutical industry in the UAE and the confidentiality imposed by the TRIPS Agreement. 2- The UAE’s accession to the TRIPS Agreement had a negative impact on the pharmaceutical industry. 3- The Emirati legislator was able to create a consensus between commitment to confidentiality and the manufacture of medicines. research aims: 1- Introducing confidentiality in the pharmaceutical industry. 2- Identifying the main obstacles to the pharmaceutical industry in the UAE. 3- Developing proposals to activate the role of local legislation to create a balance between confidentiality and the pharmaceutical industry. research importance: The importance of the research lies in focusing on the balance between confidentiality and the local pharmaceutical industry to have a developmental role. Thus, we will try to reveal the state of the pharmaceutical industry in the UAE. And how to stimulate the pharmaceutical industry through national legislation Research methodology: The researcher will rely on a descriptive approach to analyze and characterize the special industrial reality in medicine in the UAE and analyze private legislation Based on the foregoing, and in order to understand the position of the Emirati legislator on the idea of secrecy
{"title":"Legal status of pharmaceutical industry secrecy In the UAE legal system","authors":"Jihad S Younes","doi":"10.17762/PAE.V58I1.1515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/PAE.V58I1.1515","url":null,"abstract":"Facing the problem of matching growth and status, starting work, starting work, starting work, starting work, starting work, starting work, starting work, and the United Arab Emirates. This harmonization - by approving a set of exceptions of this nature has some of the effects and the secret idea behind it. \u0000As we see him, he relied on the idea of public order in order to set some exceptions related to the inventions themselves by excluding some of them from the requirement to obtain a patent certificate, which is stipulated in Article 6 of the Law on the Organization and Protection of Industrial Property, and he also made exceptions related to the rights established for the inventor, which are It gives him the power to monopolize and dominate the invention if the inventor has what is in conflict with the objectives of scientific research, which is stipulated in Article 19 of the aforementioned law, and we see that the UAE legislator has organized the idea of compulsory licensing contracts for pharmaceutical products in accordance with the interests of both the licensee and the licensee. Both. \u0000Research problem: considering that the pharmaceutical industry in the UAE is a strategic industry, and because of the fluctuation of drug prices in the global and local market. Therefore, the problem of this research will focus not on the extent to which the pharmaceutical industry in the Emirates can activate its role in the UAE national economy in light of the UAE pharmaceutical legislation, and whether these legislations were able to create a balance between secrecy in the pharmaceutical industry and scientific progress in this industry. \u0000research assumes: \u00001- There is no relationship between advances in the pharmaceutical industry in the UAE and the confidentiality imposed by the TRIPS Agreement. \u00002- The UAE’s accession to the TRIPS Agreement had a negative impact on the pharmaceutical industry. \u00003- The Emirati legislator was able to create a consensus between commitment to confidentiality and the manufacture of medicines. \u0000research aims: \u00001- Introducing confidentiality in the pharmaceutical industry. \u00002- Identifying the main obstacles to the pharmaceutical industry in the UAE. \u00003- Developing proposals to activate the role of local legislation to create a balance between confidentiality and the pharmaceutical industry. \u0000research importance: \u0000The importance of the research lies in focusing on the balance between confidentiality and the local pharmaceutical industry to have a developmental role. Thus, we will try to reveal the state of the pharmaceutical industry in the UAE. And how to stimulate the pharmaceutical industry through national legislation \u0000Research methodology: The researcher will rely on a descriptive approach to analyze and characterize the special industrial reality in medicine in the UAE and analyze private legislation \u0000Based on the foregoing, and in order to understand the position of the Emirati legislator on the idea of secrecy ","PeriodicalId":404782,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Education Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130761576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, Ethereum and many others are closely affiliated with the financial technology (fintech) industry. These digital or virtual currencies are encrypted using cryptography and distributed on public ledger (blockchain) across decentralised peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Since cryptocurrencies are issued by private entities and technically beyond the controls of any states, they may be exploited by criminals for illicit purposes such as money laundering, terrorism financing and many others. Thus, this article will examine whether cryptocurrency amounts to a new form of money under the existing rules on financial services and analyse how it should be regulated. This study is a qualitative research that adopts pure legal research methodology by analysing existing laws on national currency and digital currency. Further, the study analysed other secondary sources including academic books, journal articles, conference papers, and other materials in newspapers or reputable websites. The output of the research is expected to provide an overview on the regulatory framework for cryptocurrency in Malaysia. In conclusion, the government has favoured a minimalist approach so as not to stiffen the innovation and future development of cryptocurrency in the country.
{"title":"CRYPTOCURRENCY: AN INSIGHT INTO THE MALAYSIAN REGULATORY APPROACH","authors":"N. Nawang, I. Azmi","doi":"10.17762/PAE.V58I2.2319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/PAE.V58I2.2319","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, Ethereum and many others are closely affiliated with the financial technology (fintech) industry. These digital or virtual currencies are encrypted using cryptography and distributed on public ledger (blockchain) across decentralised peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Since cryptocurrencies are issued by private entities and technically beyond the controls of any states, they may be exploited by criminals for illicit purposes such as money laundering, terrorism financing and many others. Thus, this article will examine whether cryptocurrency amounts to a new form of money under the existing rules on financial services and analyse how it should be regulated. This study is a qualitative research that adopts pure legal research methodology by analysing existing laws on national currency and digital currency. Further, the study analysed other secondary sources including academic books, journal articles, conference papers, and other materials in newspapers or reputable websites. The output of the research is expected to provide an overview on the regulatory framework for cryptocurrency in Malaysia. In conclusion, the government has favoured a minimalist approach so as not to stiffen the innovation and future development of cryptocurrency in the country.","PeriodicalId":404782,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Education Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128232922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Anas Al-Muhsin, K. Mohd, Nur Syafiqah Subri, Nurul Afifa Ishak
With the increasing demand for Arabic courses in universities in Malaysia, it shows that students has their own reasons for choosing Arabic Language to study. The Arabic as a third language course is an elective subject offered to undergraduate students in UiTM. Starting from June 1999, UiTM has decided that third language courses should become one of the university’s requirement subjects, making it compulsory to all first degree students. The purpose of this study was to identify the reasons of UiTM students for choosing to study Arabic Language as their third language. The sampling involves 320 students from UiTM, who have enrolled in level 1, 2 and 3 Arabic course. This quantitative field research employs questionnaires and purposive sampling technique as the methods of data collection. The main findings are: most of them choose to learn Arabic language because it is the language of Islam and for them to understand more about Islam and also for worshipping purpose. Besides, most of them choose to learn the language for the purpose of their future career.
{"title":"REASONS FOR CHOOSING ARABIC LANGUAGE AS A THIRD LANGUAGE: A CASE STUDY IN UITM PERAK","authors":"Muhammad Anas Al-Muhsin, K. Mohd, Nur Syafiqah Subri, Nurul Afifa Ishak","doi":"10.17762/PAE.V58I2.2306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/PAE.V58I2.2306","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing demand for Arabic courses in universities in Malaysia, it shows that students has their own reasons for choosing Arabic Language to study. The Arabic as a third language course is an elective subject offered to undergraduate students in UiTM. Starting from June 1999, UiTM has decided that third language courses should become one of the university’s requirement subjects, making it compulsory to all first degree students. The purpose of this study was to identify the reasons of UiTM students for choosing to study Arabic Language as their third language. The sampling involves 320 students from UiTM, who have enrolled in level 1, 2 and 3 Arabic course. This quantitative field research employs questionnaires and purposive sampling technique as the methods of data collection. The main findings are: most of them choose to learn Arabic language because it is the language of Islam and for them to understand more about Islam and also for worshipping purpose. Besides, most of them choose to learn the language for the purpose of their future career.","PeriodicalId":404782,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Education Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123158400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-06DOI: 10.33094/26410249.2020.21.8.25
A. Shoukat
This paper explores what role political connections of any business group of developing country have in its expansion and growth. Starting from explaining the different mediums through which business groups are related to politics, we focus to investigates a little studied but common mechanism that firms use to obtain state favors: business owners use political connections to seek influence to the top offices and commercial banks. Using Pakistan’s biggest private business group as a case study, we find that the accessibility to loans of the business group in favored political regimes is beyond the approved range. Once their favored ruling party is in power, the debt to equity ratio of these firms had increased dramatically without supportive increase in ROA and ROE. Same as, the other descriptive discussion on the strategic decisions of this group enabled us to infer about the benefits business group had availed during its favored regimes. So we conclude that the political power does influence the financing strategies of politically connected business group. Due to which their accessibility to bank loans facilitated them to expand their businesses and capture more market share.
{"title":"Political Connection and Enterprise Development (A case study of Nishat Business Group)","authors":"A. Shoukat","doi":"10.33094/26410249.2020.21.8.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33094/26410249.2020.21.8.25","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores what role political connections of any business group of developing country have in its expansion and growth. Starting from explaining the different mediums through which business groups are related to politics, we focus to investigates a little studied but common mechanism that firms use to obtain state favors: business owners use political connections to seek influence to the top offices and commercial banks. Using Pakistan’s biggest private business group as a case study, we find that the accessibility to loans of the business group in favored political regimes is beyond the approved range. Once their favored ruling party is in power, the debt to equity ratio of these firms had increased dramatically without supportive increase in ROA and ROE. Same as, the other descriptive discussion on the strategic decisions of this group enabled us to infer about the benefits business group had availed during its favored regimes. So we conclude that the political power does influence the financing strategies of politically connected business group. Due to which their accessibility to bank loans facilitated them to expand their businesses and capture more market share.","PeriodicalId":404782,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Education Journal","volume":"29 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127210911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.15294/ijeces.v9i1.38141
M. Mulyati, Tjipto Sumadi, E. Yetti
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the development of learning models that can stimulate students to interpret every learning activity in shaping the character of early childhood. The research method is a qualitative method in which the researcher captures the phenomenon of the development of religious and moral values of early childhood is only limited to habituation and the discovery of data that the teacher does not compile a special program of character development in learning. The study was conducted in Jakarta with 60 samples consisting of University students Open early childhood education programs majors who are early childhood education programs teachers in DKI Jakarta. Data analysis techniques from interviews, observation and questionnaire distribution and also documentation. The results of the study stated that a constructive learning model is needed that is able to give meaning to the learning process in character development
{"title":"Analysis Of Constructive Learning Models In Forming Religious Characters Of Early Childhood","authors":"M. Mulyati, Tjipto Sumadi, E. Yetti","doi":"10.15294/ijeces.v9i1.38141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/ijeces.v9i1.38141","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the development of learning models that can stimulate students to interpret every learning activity in shaping the character of early childhood. The research method is a qualitative method in which the researcher captures the phenomenon of the development of religious and moral values of early childhood is only limited to habituation and the discovery of data that the teacher does not compile a special program of character development in learning. The study was conducted in Jakarta with 60 samples consisting of University students Open early childhood education programs majors who are early childhood education programs teachers in DKI Jakarta. Data analysis techniques from interviews, observation and questionnaire distribution and also documentation. The results of the study stated that a constructive learning model is needed that is able to give meaning to the learning process in character development","PeriodicalId":404782,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Education Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117320658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Firman, H. Nirwana, Yeni Karneli, R. Hariko, S. Syahniar
Information service as one type of guidance and counseling services in schools has lost its function in helping students to control themselves from performing sexual harassment. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of information service in improving students’ self control against sexual harassment. This is a quantitative research with an experimental design. The research population is students of a Vocational School in Padang and the sampling technique is cluster random sampling. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire on self-control and data were analyzed using t test. The results of the test reveal that information service is effective in improving students’ self control against sexual harassment, with the help of Guidance and Counseling teachers/ the school’s Counselor to prevent sexual harassment in schools.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Information Service in Improving Students’ Self Control Against Sexual Harassment in Vocational School in Padang","authors":"F. Firman, H. Nirwana, Yeni Karneli, R. Hariko, S. Syahniar","doi":"10.31227/osf.io/x5n9a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/x5n9a","url":null,"abstract":"Information service as one type of guidance and counseling services in schools has lost its function in helping students to control themselves from performing sexual harassment. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of information service in improving students’ self control against sexual harassment. This is a quantitative research with an experimental design. The research population is students of a Vocational School in Padang and the sampling technique is cluster random sampling. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire on self-control and data were analyzed using t test. The results of the test reveal that information service is effective in improving students’ self control against sexual harassment, with the help of Guidance and Counseling teachers/ the school’s Counselor to prevent sexual harassment in schools.","PeriodicalId":404782,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Education Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114516832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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