Physics Reports最新文献_第3页

Network alignment

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.006

Rui Tang , Ziyun Yong , Shuyu Jiang , Xingshu Chen , Yaofang Liu , Yi-Cheng Zhang , Gui-Quan Sun , Wei Wang

Complex networks are frequently employed to model physical or virtual complex systems. When certain entities exist across multiple systems simultaneously, unveiling their corresponding relationships across the networks becomes crucial. This problem, known as network alignment, holds significant importance. It enhances our understanding of complex system structures and behaviours, facilitates the validation and extension of theoretical physics research about studying complex systems, and fosters diverse practical applications across various fields. However, due to variations in the structure, characteristics, and properties of complex networks across different fields, the study of network alignment is often isolated within each domain, with even the terminologies and concepts lacking uniformity. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements in network alignment research, focusing on analysing network alignment characteristics and progress in various domains such as social network analysis, bioinformatics, computational linguistics and privacy protection. It provides a detailed analysis of various methods’ implementation principles, processes, and performance differences, including structure consistency-based methods, network embedding-based methods, and graph neural network-based (GNN-based) methods. Additionally, the methods for network alignment under different conditions, such as in attributed networks, heterogeneous networks, directed networks, and dynamic networks, are presented. Furthermore, the challenges and the open issues for future studies are also discussed.

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引用次数: 0

Remote detection optical magnetometry 远程探测光学磁强计

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.004

Alexander M. Akulshin , Dmitry Budker , Felipe Pedreros Bustos , Tong Dang , Emmanuel Klinger , Simon M. Rochester , Arne Wickenbrock , Rui Zhang

Sensitive magnetometers have been applied in a wide range of research fields, including geophysical exploration, bio-magnetic field detection, ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance, etc. Commonly, magnetometers are directly placed at the position where the magnetic field is to be measured. However, in some situations, for example in near space or harsh environments, near nuclear reactors or particle accelerators, it is hard to place a magnetometer directly there. If the magnetic field can be detected remotely, i.e., via stand-off detection, this problem can be solved. As optical magnetometers are based on optical readout, they are naturally promising for stand-off detection. We review various approaches to optical stand-off magnetometry proposed and developed over the years, culminating in recent results on measuring magnetic fields in the mesosphere using laser guide stars, magnetometry with mirrorless-lasing readout, and proposals for satellite-assisted interrogation of atmospheric sodium.

灵敏磁力计已被广泛应用于地球物理勘探、生物磁场探测、超低场核磁共振等研究领域。通常，磁强计直接放置在需要测量磁场的位置。然而，在某些情况下，例如在近太空或恶劣环境中，在核反应堆或粒子加速器附近，很难将磁力计直接放置在那里。如果可以远程检测磁场，即通过隔离检测，这个问题就可以得到解决。由于光学磁强计是基于光学读出的，因此自然有望实现远程检测。我们回顾了多年来提出和发展的各种光学远程磁强计方法，包括利用激光导星测量中间层磁场的最新成果、采用无镜激光读出的磁强计，以及卫星辅助探测大气钠的建议。

引用次数: 0

Lattice Boltzmann simulations for soft flowing matter 软流动物质的晶格玻尔兹曼模拟

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.002

Adriano Tiribocchi , Mihir Durve , Marco Lauricella , Andrea Montessori , Jean-Michel Tucny , Sauro Succi

Over the last decade, the Lattice Boltzmann method has found major scope for the simulation of a large spectrum of problems in soft matter, from multiphase and multi-component microfluidic flows, to foams, emulsions, colloidal flows, to name but a few. Crucial to many such applications is the role of supramolecular interactions which occur whenever mesoscale structures, such as bubbles or droplets, come in close contact, say of the order of tens of nanometers. Regardless of their specific physico-chemical origin, such near-contact interactions are vital to preserve the coherence of the mesoscale structures against coalescence phenomena promoted by capillarity and surface tension, hence the need of including them in Lattice Boltzmann schemes. Strictly speaking, this entails a complex multiscale problem, covering about six spatial decades, from centimeters down to tens of nanometers, and almost twice as many in time. Such a multiscale problem can hardly be taken by a single computational method, hence the need for coarse-grained models for the near-contact interactions. In this review, we shall discuss such coarse-grained models and illustrate their application to a variety of soft flowing matter problems, such as soft flowing crystals, strongly confined dense emulsions, flowing hierarchical emulsions, soft granular flows, as well as the transmigration of active droplets across constrictions. Finally, we conclude with a few considerations on future developments in the direction of quantum-nanofluidics, machine learning, and quantum computing for soft flows applications.

在过去的十年中，格子玻尔兹曼方法在模拟软物质的大量问题中发挥了重要作用，这些问题包括多相和多组分微流体流动、泡沫、乳液、胶体流动等等。超分子相互作用对许多此类应用至关重要，每当气泡或液滴等中尺度结构密切接触（例如数十纳米级）时，就会发生超分子相互作用。无论其具体的物理化学起源如何，这种近距离接触的相互作用对于保持中尺度结构的连贯性，防止毛细管和表面张力引起的凝聚现象至关重要，因此有必要将其纳入格点玻尔兹曼方案。严格来说，这需要解决一个复杂的多尺度问题，涵盖从厘米到几十纳米的大约六个空间尺度，以及几乎两倍的时间尺度。这种多尺度问题很难用单一计算方法解决，因此需要为近距离接触相互作用建立粗粒度模型。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论这种粗粒度模型，并说明它们在各种软流动物质问题中的应用，如软流动晶体、强约束致密乳状液、流动分层乳状液、软颗粒流动以及活性液滴跨越约束的迁移。最后，我们就量子纳米流体学、机器学习和量子计算在软流动应用领域的未来发展方向提出了几点思考。

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引用次数: 0

Interacting topological quantum aspects with light and geometrical functions 拓扑量子与光和几何函数的相互作用

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.003

Karyn Le Hur

I review my recent progress and develop a geometrical approach in the quantum with light as a guide, from the vector potential in classical physics, revealing that topological properties can be equivalently measured from the poles of a sphere. The topological state is induced on the Bloch sphere of a spin-1/2 particle from a radial magnetic field related to the physics of Skyrmions. This shows a relation between the global topological response being measured at the poles, the response to a circularly polarized field and the quantum metric. I show how this approach is helpful for the classification of matter with the detection of the global topological invariant at specific points in the Brillouin zone, e.g. the Dirac points, from the responses to electromagnetic waves such as circularly polarized light and from new geometrical functions associated to the quantum metric measuring the quantum Hall and spin Hall conductivities. The

M

point associated to the Brillouin zone of the honeycomb lattice also reveals the topological signature. Interactions are included in momentum space within a stochastic variational approach. In a realistic quantum model of interacting spins, this leads to fractional topological entangled aspects with a correspondence between a pair of half invariants and a Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pair or Bell state at one pole. I also formulate a correspondence between fractional topological numbers and resonating valence bond states. This approach gives further insight on the characterization of topological matter linked to superconductivity, protected topological semimetals in two dimensions and on the search of Majorana fermions for topologically protected quantum information. We also address a correspondence with the fractional quantum Hall effect and surface states of three-dimensional topological insulators.

我回顾了自己的最新进展，并从经典物理学中的矢量势出发，以光为向导，发展出一种量子几何方法，揭示了拓扑特性可以等同于从球体的两极进行测量。自旋-1/2粒子的布洛赫球上的拓扑状态是由与天幕物理学相关的径向磁场诱发的。这表明了在两极测量的全局拓扑响应、对圆极化磁场的响应和量子度量之间的关系。我将从对电磁波（如圆偏振光）的响应，以及与测量量子霍尔和自旋霍尔电导率的量子度量相关联的新几何函数中，展示这种方法如何有助于在布里渊区的特定点（如狄拉克点）检测到全局拓扑不变量，从而对物质进行分类。与蜂巢晶格布里渊区相关的 M 点也揭示了拓扑特征。在随机变异方法中，相互作用被纳入动量空间。在相互作用的自旋的现实量子模型中，这导致了分数拓扑纠缠方面，一对半不变式与一极的爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森（EPR）对或贝尔态之间存在对应关系。我还提出了分数拓扑数与共振价键态之间的对应关系。这种方法进一步揭示了与超导有关的拓扑物质的特征、二维受保护拓扑半金属以及寻找受拓扑保护的量子信息的马约拉纳费米子。我们还探讨了分数量子霍尔效应与三维拓扑绝缘体表面态的对应关系。

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引用次数: 0

Characterising the Higgs boson with ATLAS data from the LHC Run-2

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.11.001

ATLAS Collaboration

The Higgs boson was discovered by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations in 2012 using data from Run 1 of the Large Hadron Collider (2010

-

2012). In Run 2 (2015

-

2018), about 140 fb⁻¹ of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV were collected by the ATLAS experiment. This review presents the most important Run 2 results obtained by the ATLAS Collaboration regarding the properties of the Higgs boson and its interactions with other particles. The performed studies significantly enhance the understanding of the Higgs boson, while hunting for deviations from the predictions of the Standard Model of particle physics.

引用次数: 0

Ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic materials: Origins and progress 铁磁材料中的超快退磁：起源与进展

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.008

Xiaowen Chen , Roman Adam , Daniel E. Bürgler , Fangzhou Wang , Zhenyan Lu , Lining Pan , Sarah Heidtfeld , Christian Greb , Meihong Liu , Qingfang Liu , Jianbo Wang , Claus M. Schneider , Derang Cao

Since the discovery of ultrafast demagnetization in Ni thin films in 1996, laser-induced ultrafast spin dynamics have become a prominent research topic in the field of magnetism and spintronics. This development offers new possibilities for the advancement of spintronics and magnetic storage technology. The subject has drawn a substantial number of researchers, leading to a series of research endeavors. Various models have been proposed to elucidate the physical processes underlying laser-induced ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic materials. However, the potential origins of these processes across different material systems and the true contributions of these different origins remain challenging in the realm of ultrafast spin dynamics. This predicament also hinders the development of spintronic terahertz emitters.

In this review, we initially introduce the different experimental methods used in laser-induced ultrafast spin dynamics. We then systematically explore the magnetization precession process and present seven models of ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic materials. Subsequently, we discuss the physical processes and research status of four ultrafast demagnetization origins (including spin-flipping, spin transport, non-thermal electronic distribution, and laser-induced lattice strain). Since attosecond laser technique and antiferromagnetic materials exhibit promising applications in ultrahigh-frequency spintronics, we acknowledge the emerging studies used by attosecond pulses and studies on ultrafast spin dynamics in antiferromagnets, noting the significant challenges that need to be addressed in these burgeoning field.

自 1996 年在镍薄膜中发现超快退磁以来，激光诱导的超快自旋动力学已成为磁学和自旋电子学领域的一个突出研究课题。这一发展为自旋电子学和磁存储技术的进步提供了新的可能性。这一课题吸引了大量研究人员，引发了一系列研究工作。人们提出了各种模型来阐明铁磁材料中激光诱导超快自旋动力学的物理过程。然而，在超快自旋动力学领域，这些过程在不同材料系统中的潜在起源以及这些不同起源的真正贡献仍具有挑战性。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了激光诱导超快自旋动力学中使用的不同实验方法。然后，我们系统地探讨了磁化前驱过程，并介绍了铁磁材料中的七个超快退磁模型。随后，我们讨论了四种超快去磁起源（包括自旋翻转、自旋输运、非热电子分布和激光诱导晶格应变）的物理过程和研究现状。由于阿秒激光技术和反铁磁材料在超高频自旋电子学中具有广阔的应用前景，我们肯定了使用阿秒脉冲的新兴研究和反铁磁体中的超快自旋动力学研究，并指出了这些新兴领域需要解决的重大挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Large fluctuations and primordial black holes 大波动和原始黑洞

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.007

Sayantan Choudhury , M. Sami

In this paper, we review in detail different mechanisms of generation of large primordial fluctuations and their implications for the production of primordial black holes (PBHs) and scalar-induced secondary gravity waves (SIGW), with the ultimate aim of understanding the impact of loop correction on quantum correlations and the power spectrum. To accomplish the goal, we provide a concise, comprehensive, but in depth review of conceptual and technical details of the standard model of the universe, namely, causal structure and inflation, quantization of primordial perturbations and field theoretic techniques such as “in-in” formalism needed for the estimation of loop correction to the power spectrum. We discuss at length the severe constraints (no-go) on PBH production in single-field inflation imposed by appropriately renormalized quantum loop corrections, computed while maintaining the validity of the perturbation framework and assuming sufficient inflation to address the causality problem. Thereafter, we discuss in detail the efforts to circumvent the no-go result in Galileon inflation, multiple sharp transition (MST)-induced inflation, and stochastic single field inflation using an effective field theoretic (EFT) framework applicable to a variety of models. We provide a thorough analysis of the Dynamical Renormalization Group (DRG) resummation approach, adiabatic and late-time renormalization schemes, and their use in producing solar and sub-solar mass PBHs. Additionally, we give a summary of how scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) are produced in MST setups and Galileon inflation. Finally, the PBH overproduction issue is thoroughly discussed.

在本文中，我们详细回顾了大原始波动的不同产生机制及其对原始黑洞（PBHs）和标量诱发的次级引力波（SIGW）产生的影响，最终目的是理解环路修正对量子相关性和功率谱的影响。为了实现这一目标，我们对宇宙标准模型的概念和技术细节，即因果结构和膨胀、原始扰动的量子化以及场论技术（如估计环路修正对功率谱的影响所需的 "入-入 "形式）进行了简明、全面而深入的回顾。我们详细讨论了适当重规范化的量子环校正对单场膨胀中 PBH 产生的严格限制（不允许），这些量子环校正是在保持扰动框架的有效性和假设充分膨胀以解决因果关系问题的前提下计算得出的。此后，我们详细讨论了在伽利略膨胀、多重急剧转变（MST）诱导的膨胀和随机单场膨胀中，利用适用于各种模型的有效场论（EFT）框架规避 "不成功 "结果的努力。我们全面分析了动态重正化组（DRG）重和方法、绝热和晚期重正化方案，以及它们在产生太阳和亚太阳质量 PBHs 中的应用。此外，我们还总结了标量诱导引力波（SIGWs）是如何在 MST 设置和伽利略膨胀中产生的。最后，我们还深入讨论了 PBH 过度产生的问题。

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引用次数: 0

Majorana quasiparticles in atomic spin chains on superconductors 超导体原子自旋链中的马约拉纳准粒子

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.005

Stephan Rachel , Roland Wiesendanger

For the past decade, Majorana quasiparticles have become one of the hot topics in condensed matter research. Besides the fundamental interest in the realization of particles being their own antiparticles, going back to basic concepts of elementary particle physics, Majorana quasiparticles in condensed matter systems offer exciting potential applications in topological quantum computation due to their non-Abelian quantum exchange statistics. Motivated by theoretical predictions about possible realizations of Majorana quasiparticles as zero-energy modes at boundaries of topological superconductors, experimental efforts have focussed in particular on quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor–superconductor and magnet–superconductor hybrid systems. However, an unambiguous proof of the existence of Majorana quasiparticles is still challenging and requires considerable improvements in materials science, atomic-scale characterization and control of interface quality, as well as complementary approaches of detecting various facets of Majorana quasiparticles. Bottom-up atom-by-atom fabrication of disorder-free atomic spin chains on atomically clean superconducting substrates has recently allowed deep insight into the emergence of topological sub-gap Shiba bands and associated Majorana states from the level of individual atoms up to extended chains, thereby offering the possibility for critical tests of Majorana physics in disorder-free model-type 1D hybrid systems.

过去十年来，马约拉纳准粒子已成为凝聚态研究的热门话题之一。除了追溯到基本粒子物理学基本概念的实现粒子自身反粒子的基本兴趣之外，凝聚态系统中的马约拉纳准粒子由于其非阿贝尔量子交换统计特性，在拓扑量子计算中提供了令人兴奋的潜在应用。理论上预测马约拉纳准粒子可能在拓扑超导体的边界实现零能模式，受此激励，实验工作尤其集中于准一维半导体-超导体和磁体-超导体混合系统。然而，要明确证明马约拉纳准粒子的存在仍具有挑战性，需要在材料科学、原子尺度表征、界面质量控制以及检测马约拉纳准粒子各方面的补充方法等方面做出重大改进。最近，在原子洁净的超导基底上自下而上地逐个原子制造无序原子自旋链，使人们能够深入了解从单个原子到扩展链的拓扑亚间隙希巴带和相关马约拉纳态的出现，从而为在无序模型型一维混合系统中对马约拉纳物理学进行关键测试提供了可能。

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引用次数: 0

The energy level spectrum of the yellow excitons in cuprous oxide 氧化亚铜中黄色激子的能级谱

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.004

J. Heckötter , A. Farenbruch , D. Fröhlich , M. Aßmann , D.R. Yakovlev , M. Bayer , M.A. Semina , M.M. Glazov , P. Rommel , J. Ertl , J. Main , H. Stolz

<div><div>This article discusses the experimental status achieved in the assessment of the hydrogen-like series of Wannier–Mott excitons, using the semiconductor cuprous oxide, Cu<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O, as material platform. While for other crystals the observed exciton series are limited to low principal quantum numbers <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> and typically a particular orbital angular momentum <span><math><mi>L</mi></math></span>, recently a major extension of the number of detected states has been achieved for the so-called yellow exciton series in cuprous oxide. About 60 quantum number combinations <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, defining different shells of possible exciton states, were detected in high-resolution one-photon absorption and second harmonic generation spectroscopy, also complemented with application of external electric or magnetic fields. The extension concerns not only the optically active states (the orthoexcitons) that are allowed in different orders of light–matter coupling, but also the states that are optically forbidden due to spin conservation in optical transitions (the paraexcitons). The hydrogen model provides a good overall description of the exciton level spectrum. However, an analysis with sufficient energy resolution reveals significant deviations evidenced by shell splittings, which arise from breaking of the rotational into discrete symmetries in the cubic crystal environment. The resulting fine structure splitting between different shells and within a shell <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> is mainly determined by the valence band dispersion in Cu<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O showing pronounced band mixing effects. The corresponding extensions in the exciton Hamiltonian bear similarity to those causing the fine structure splitting in hydrogen, namely a higher order kinetic energy term and a spin–orbit coupling term. In addition, the electron–hole exchange interaction arising for the orthoexcitons and corrections to the dielectric screening provide further contributions to the fine structure splitting. As a consequence, the hydrogen wavefunctions are valid only approximately for describing excitons, being in fact coupled in the exciton envelopes. Despite the broken <span><math><mi>L</mi></math></span>-degeneracy of the exciton levels, further symmetry protected degeneracies remain, which can be removed by applying external fields. We describe the evolution of the fine structure spectrum in electric and magnetic fields towards Stark ladders and Landau fans, respectively. The optical spectra depend on the crystal orientation relative to the external field in addition to their dependence on the chosen optical axis. Also, the deviations from an isotropic medium become obvious, as the symm

本文讨论了以半导体氧化亚铜（Cu2O）为材料平台，在评估类氢系列万尼尔-莫特激子方面所取得的实验成果。对其他晶体而言，所观测到的激子系列仅限于低主量子数 n 和典型的特定轨道角动量 L，而最近对氧化亚铜中所谓的黄色激子系列而言，所检测到的状态数量有了重大扩展。在高分辨率单光子吸收和二次谐波发生光谱中检测到了约 60 种量子数组合 (n,L)，这些量子数组合定义了可能的激子状态的不同外壳，同时还辅以外部电场或磁场。这一扩展不仅涉及在不同光-物质耦合阶数下允许存在的光学活性状态（正激子），还涉及由于光学转换中的自旋守恒而被光学禁止的状态（副激子）。氢模型能很好地全面描述激子水平谱。然而，在进行具有足够能量分辨率的分析时，会发现由于立方晶体环境中的旋转离散对称性被打破而产生的壳分裂（shell splittings）所证明的重大偏差。由此产生的不同壳之间以及一个壳（n,L）内的精细结构分裂主要由 Cu2O 中的价带色散决定，显示出明显的带混合效应。激子哈密顿中的相应扩展与氢中导致精细结构分裂的扩展相似，即高阶动能项和自旋轨道耦合项。此外，正交激子产生的电子-空穴交换相互作用和介电屏蔽修正也对精细结构分裂做出了进一步的贡献。因此，氢波函数仅对描述激子近似有效，实际上在激子包络中是耦合的。尽管激子水平的 L 退化被打破，但仍存在进一步的对称保护退化，这些退化可以通过施加外部场来消除。我们描述了精细结构光谱在电场和磁场中分别向斯塔克梯形和朗道扇形演变的过程。除了与所选光轴有关之外，光学光谱还取决于晶体相对于外部磁场的取向。此外，与各向同性介质的偏差也变得非常明显，因为对称性降低和由此产生的状态耦合会导致避免在水平进入场致共振时发生交叉。在所有对称性都被打破的情况下施加场，在主量子数超过 n=5 的状态范围内观察到量子混沌，在状态共振处观察到的完全是反交叉就证明了这一点。数据概要表明，高分辨率激子光谱学已达到接近原子系统的精确水平。

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引用次数: 0

Network modeling and topology of aging 老龄化的网络模型和拓扑结构

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.10.006

Li Feng , Dengcheng Yang , Sinan Wu , Chengwen Xue , Mengmeng Sang , Xiang Liu , Jincan Che , Jie Wu , Claudia Gragnoli , Christopher Griffin , Chen Wang , Shing-Tung Yau , Rongling Wu

Aging is a universal process of age-dependent physiological and functional declines that are strongly associated with human diseases. Despite extensive studies of the molecular causes of aging, little is known about the overall landscape of how aging proceeds and how it is related with intrinsic and extrinsic agents. Aging is a complex trait involving a large number of interdependent factors that change over spatiotemporal scales like a complex system. We develop an interdisciplinary form of statistical mechanics to reconstruct aging-related informative, dynamic, omnidirectional, and personalized networks (idopNetworks) from experimental or clinical data. The idopNetwork model can reveal how a specific biological entity, such as genes, proteins, or metabolites, mediates the antedependence of aging (i.e., the dependence of current trait values on their previous expression), identify how spatiotemporal crosstalk across different organs accelerate or decelerate the rate of aging, and predict how an individual’s chronological age differs from his biological age. We implement GLMY homology theory to dissect the topological architecture and function of aging networks, identifying key subnetworks, surface holes and cubic voids that shape the rate of aging. Aging studies can be ideally conducted by monitoring molecular, physiological, and clinical traits over the full lifecycle. However, it is both impossible and ethically impermissible to collect the kind of data from which idopNetworks are reconstructed. To overcome this limitation, we integrate an allometric scaling law into the model to extract dynamics from snapshots of static data from a population-based cross-sectional study, expanding the utility of the model to a broader domain of cohort data. We show how this model can be used to unravel and predict the biological mechanisms underlying aging by analyzing an experimental metabolic data set of multiple brain regions in the aging mouse and a cross-sectional physiological data set of the lung for smoking and nonsmoking males aged from 20 years to nearly centenarians from the China Pulmonary Health Study. The model opens up a new horizon for studying how aging occurs through intrinsic and extrinsic interactions and could be used as a generic tool to disentangle human aging using various types of molecular, phenotypic or clinical data.

衰老是一个与年龄相关的生理和功能衰退的普遍过程，与人类疾病密切相关。尽管对衰老的分子原因进行了广泛的研究，但人们对衰老如何进行以及衰老与内在和外在因素的关系却知之甚少。衰老是一个复杂的特征，涉及大量相互依存的因素，这些因素像复杂系统一样随着时空尺度的变化而变化。我们开发了一种跨学科形式的统计力学，从实验或临床数据中重建与衰老相关的信息、动态、全向和个性化网络（idopNetworks）。idopNetwork 模型可以揭示基因、蛋白质或代谢物等特定生物实体如何介导衰老的反依赖性（即当前性状值对其先前表达的依赖性），识别不同器官间的时空串扰如何加速或减缓衰老速度，并预测个体的计时年龄与其生物年龄有何不同。我们采用 GLMY 同源理论来剖析衰老网络的拓扑结构和功能，找出影响衰老速度的关键子网络、表面孔洞和立方体空隙。进行衰老研究的理想方法是监测整个生命周期的分子、生理和临床特征。然而，要收集idopNetworks重建所需的数据是不可能的，而且在伦理上也是不允许的。为了克服这一限制，我们在模型中整合了异速缩放定律，从基于人群的横断面研究的静态数据快照中提取动态数据，将模型的实用性扩展到更广泛的队列数据领域。我们通过分析衰老小鼠多个脑区的实验代谢数据集，以及中国肺健康研究中吸烟和不吸烟男性从 20 岁到近百岁老人的肺部横断面生理数据集，展示了该模型如何用于揭示和预测衰老的生物机制。该模型为研究衰老是如何通过内在和外在相互作用发生的开辟了新天地，并可作为一种通用工具，利用各种类型的分子、表型或临床数据来揭示人类衰老。

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引用次数: 0