Physics Reports最新文献_第3页

Vegetation dynamics: Modeling, mechanisms, and emergent properties 植被动力学：建模、机制和涌现特性

IF 29.5 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.09.003

Li-Feng Hou , Li Li , Renfei Chen , Yong-Ping Wu , Guo-Lin Feng , Gui-Quan Sun

As a core component of terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation plays an irreplaceable role in regulating climate and maintaining ecological balance. However, vegetation dynamics often exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear responses, necessitating the development of an integrated modeling and analysis framework to reveal their underlying mechanisms and guide restoration efforts. This review systematically summarizes recent advances and key methodologies in vegetation dynamics research, focusing on four major dimensions: modeling mechanisms, nonlinear behaviors, ecosystem resilience assessment, and restoration pathway optimization. We first examine reaction–diffusion models based on representative ecological mechanisms such as scale-dependent feedbacks, motility-induced phase separation, and belowground interactions, and introduce stochastic and data-driven models to better capture the uncertainty and multi-source complexity inherent in natural systems. The review also explores nonlinear phenomena such as multistability, regime shifts, and localized structures, employing bifurcation analysis and amplitude equations to investigate pattern selection and system stability. We further review a range of early warning signal indicators based on critical slowing down, spatial patterns, and entropy, and introduce machine learning approaches to enhance predictive capability. Furthermore, we comprehensively review various optimal intervention methods including terminal control, boundary control, and sparse control. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future opportunities in theoretical integration, practical implementation, and cross-scale coordination. This review aims to provide systematic theoretical support and practical guidance for ecological modeling, restoration engineering, and global environmental governance.

植被作为陆地生态系统的核心组成部分，在调节气候、维持生态平衡方面具有不可替代的作用。然而，植被动态往往表现出强烈的空间异质性和非线性响应，需要建立一个综合的建模和分析框架，以揭示其潜在机制，指导恢复工作。本文从植被动力学建模机制、非线性行为、生态系统恢复力评估和恢复路径优化四个方面，系统地总结了植被动力学研究的最新进展和关键方法。我们首先研究了基于代表性生态机制的反应-扩散模型，如尺度依赖反馈、运动诱导的相分离和地下相互作用，并引入随机和数据驱动模型，以更好地捕捉自然系统固有的不确定性和多源复杂性。本文还探讨了非线性现象，如多稳定性、状态转移和局部结构，采用分岔分析和振幅方程来研究模式选择和系统稳定性。我们进一步回顾了一系列基于临界减速、空间模式和熵的预警信号指标，并引入了机器学习方法来增强预测能力。在此基础上，对终端控制、边界控制和稀疏控制等最优干预方法进行了综述。最后，我们在理论整合、实践实施和跨规模协调方面讨论了当前面临的挑战和未来的机遇。本文旨在为生态建模、修复工程和全球环境治理提供系统的理论支持和实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

High entropy superconductors 高熵超导体

IF 29.5 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.09.002

Yahua He , Kaiyu Ma , Jing You , Md. Shahriar A. Hossain , Muhammad Nadeem , Xiaolin Wang

High entropy materials have emerged as a focal point of scientific investigation in recent decades due to their exceptional properties, which offer substantial improvements in various domains, including alloy development, catalysis, and condensed matter physics. High entropy superconductors (HESs), in particular, have attracted significant interest due to their entropy-driven superior superconducting properties, making them promise for practical applications. Beyond the advancements seen in cuprates, nickelates, hydrides, iron-based superconductors, and twisted 2D material-based superconductors, HESs demonstrate robust superconductivity under extreme conditions such as high pressure and radiation. These distinctive attributes have established HESs as a unique class within the superconducting landscape, providing a novel platform for discovering new superconductors. This review marks the 10th anniversary of HESs, following their discovery in 2014, and provides a comprehensive overview of HESs, categorizing them into five key systems: high entropy alloys, layered BiS₂ compounds, NaCl-type structures, REBCO cuprates (RE: rare earth elements), and other variants. It traces the development of HESs and systematically analyzes the impact of high entropy on superconductivity. The review highlights notable features of HESs, such as their exceptional mechanical properties, radiation resistance, and robust superconductivity under high pressure—features that have often been underappreciated. Furthermore, it advocates for expanding research on HESs, emphasizing the importance of developing functional HESs for practical applications.

近几十年来，高熵材料因其独特的性能而成为科学研究的焦点，在包括合金开发、催化和凝聚态物理在内的各个领域提供了实质性的改进。特别是高熵超导体（HESs），由于其熵驱动的优越超导特性而引起了极大的兴趣，使它们有望在实际应用中得到应用。除了在铜酸盐、镍酸盐、氢化物、铁基超导体和基于扭曲二维材料的超导体方面取得的进展外，HESs在高压和辐射等极端条件下也表现出强大的超导性。这些独特的属性使HESs成为超导领域中独特的一类，为发现新的超导体提供了一个新的平台。本文回顾了2014年发现的HESs十周年，并对HESs进行了全面概述，将其分为五个关键体系：高熵合金、层状BiS2化合物、nacl型结构、REBCO铜酸盐（RE：稀土元素）和其他变体。它追溯了HESs的发展，系统地分析了高熵对超导性的影响。这篇综述强调了HESs的显著特征，例如其卓越的机械性能、耐辐射性能和高压下的强大超导性——这些特征通常被低估了。此外，它主张扩大HESs的研究，强调开发实际应用的功能性HESs的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update 标准模型中介子的异常磁矩：更新

IF 29.5 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.08.002

R. Aliberti , T. Aoyama , E. Balzani , A. Bashir , G. Benton , J. Bijnens , V. Biloshytskyi , T. Blum , D. Boito , M. Bruno , E. Budassi , S. Burri , L. Cappiello , C.M. Carloni Calame , M. Cè , V. Cirigliano , D.A. Clarke , G. Colangelo , L. Cotrozzi , M. Cottini , A.S. Zhevlakov

We present the current Standard Model (SM) prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment,

a_{μ}

, updating the first White Paper (WP20) [1]. The pure QED and electroweak contributions have been further consolidated, while hadronic contributions continue to be responsible for the bulk of the uncertainty of the SM prediction. Significant progress has been achieved in the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution using both the data-driven dispersive approach as well as lattice-QCD calculations, leading to a reduction of the uncertainty by almost a factor of two. The most important development since WP20 is the change in the estimate of the leading-order hadronic-vacuum-polarization (LO HVP) contribution. A new measurement of the

e^{+} e^{-} \to π^{+} π^{-}

cross section by CMD-3 has increased the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution to a level that makes it impossible to combine the results in a meaningful way. At the same time, the attainable precision of lattice-QCD calculations has increased substantially and allows for a consolidated lattice-QCD average of the LO HVP contribution with a precision of about 0.9%. Adopting the latter in this update has resulted in a major upward shift of the total SM prediction, which now reads

a_{μ}^{SM} = 116 592 033 (62) \times 1 0^{- 11}

(530 ppb). When compared against the current experimental average based on the E821 experiment and runs 1–6 of E989 at Fermilab, one finds

a_{μ}^{exp} - a_{μ}^{SM} = 38 (63) \times 1 0^{- 11}

, which implies that there is no tension between the SM and experiment at the current level of precision. The final precision of E989 (127 ppb) is the target of future efforts by the Theory Initiative. The resolution of the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution will be a key element in this endeavor.

我们提出了μ子异常磁矩的标准模型（SM）预测，更新了第一份白皮书（WP20）[1]。纯QED和电弱贡献得到了进一步的巩固，而强子贡献仍然是SM预测的大部分不确定性的原因。使用数据驱动色散方法和晶格- qcd计算在强子光-光散射贡献方面取得了重大进展，导致不确定性减少了近两倍。自WP20以来最重要的发展是对主阶强子-真空极化（LO HVP）贡献的估计发生了变化。CMD-3对e+e−→π+π−截面的新测量增加了LO HVP贡献的数据驱动色散评估之间的紧张关系，使其无法以有意义的方式结合结果。同时，栅格- qcd计算的可实现精度大大提高，并允许LO HVP贡献的统一栅格- qcd平均精度约为0.9%。在此更新中采用后者导致总SM预测的主要向上移动，现在读取为aμSM=116592033（62）×10−11 （530 ppb）。与目前基于E821实验和Fermilab E989 1-6次运行的实验平均值相比，我们发现aμexp−aμSM=38（63）×10−11，这意味着在目前的精度水平上，SM与实验之间不存在张力。E989 （127 ppb）的最终精度是理论倡议未来努力的目标。解决由数据驱动的对联合国人道主义事务办事处贡献的分散评价之间的紧张关系将是这项努力的一个关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Six decades of the FitzHugh–Nagumo model: A guide through its spatio-temporal dynamics and influence across disciplines” [Phys. Rep. 1096 (2024) 1–39] “FitzHugh-Nagumo模型的六十年：通过其时空动态和跨学科影响的指南”的勘误表[物理]。众议员1096 (2024)1-39]

IF 29.5 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.08.001

Daniel Cebrián-Lacasa , Pedro Parra-Rivas , Daniel Ruiz-Reynés , Lendert Gelens

引用次数: 0

The fluctuation–dissipation relations: Growth, diffusion, and beyond 波动-耗散关系：增长、扩散和超越

IF 29.5 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.07.004

Márcio Sampaio Gomes-Filho , Luciano Calheiros Lapas , Ewa Gudowska-Nowak , Fernando Albuquerque Oliveira

In this review, we scrutinize historical and modern results on the linear response of dynamical systems to external perturbations with a particular emphasis on the celebrated relationship between fluctuations and dissipation expressed by the fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT). The conceptual foundation of FDT originates from the definition of the equilibrium state and Onsager’s regression hypothesis. Over time, the fluctuation–dissipation relation has been vividly investigated also in systems far from equilibrium, which often exhibit wild fluctuations in measured parameters. In this review, we recall the major formulations of the FDT, including those proposed by Langevin, Onsager and Kubo. We discuss the role of fluctuations in a broad class of growth and diffusion phenomena and examine the violation of the FDT resulting from a transition from Euclidean to fractal geometry. Finally, we highlight possible generalizations of the FDT formalism and discuss situations where the relation breaks down and is no longer applicable.

在这篇综述中，我们仔细研究了动力系统对外部扰动的线性响应的历史和现代结果，特别强调了由波动-耗散定理（FDT）表达的著名的波动和耗散之间的关系。FDT的概念基础源于均衡状态的定义和Onsager的回归假设。随着时间的推移，涨落-耗散关系也在远离平衡的系统中得到了生动的研究，这些系统通常在测量参数中表现出剧烈的波动。在本文中，我们回顾了FDT的主要公式，包括Langevin， Onsager和Kubo提出的公式。我们讨论了波动在一类广泛的生长和扩散现象中的作用，并检查了从欧几里得几何到分形几何的过渡对FDT的破坏。最后，我们强调了FDT形式主义的可能概括，并讨论了关系破裂和不再适用的情况。

引用次数: 0

Optically assisted ultrafast spintronics: A review 光辅助超快自旋电子学：综述

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.07.002

Surya Narain Dikshit , Arshid Nisar , Brahmdutta Dixit , Baljinder Kaur , Alok Kumar Shukla , Ashutosh Kumar , Junyang Chen , Jian-Ping Wang , Himanshu Fulara , Brajesh Kumar Kaushik

All-optical switching (AOS) has emerged as a promising technique, utilizing ultrafast lasers with femto or picosecond-pulse durations for modulating magnetization without the use of magnetic fields. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in AOS, focusing on achieving sub-picosecond magnetization reversal in a diverse range of materials, including ferri-magnetic alloys, synthetic ferri-magnets, ferromagnetic multilayers, Heusler alloys, and 2D materials. These materials exhibit remarkable potential for the development of optically driven spintronics devices, offering ultrafast and energy-efficient solutions for circuits and systems, and promising avenues for future photonic integrated circuits. This article also delves into recent advances in opto-spintronic devices, examining their utilization in energy-efficient memory, logic circuits, neuromorphic computing, and terahertz applications. Despite the promising prospects, the integration of opto-spintronic systems into mainstream microelectronic platforms faces several challenges. This review comprehensively discusses these challenges at both the device and system levels, offering insights into potential solutions and future perspectives. By consolidating recent developments and identifying ongoing challenges, this review aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of AOS in the context of opto-spintronics, paving the way for the next generation of ultrafast and energy-efficient spintronic devices.

全光开关（AOS）已经成为一种很有前途的技术，利用脉冲持续时间为飞秒或皮秒的超快激光来调制磁化而不使用磁场。本文回顾了AOS的最新技术，重点是在各种材料中实现亚皮秒磁化反转，包括铁磁合金，合成铁磁磁铁，铁磁多层材料，Heusler合金和2D材料。这些材料在光驱动自旋电子学器件的发展中表现出显著的潜力，为电路和系统提供了超快和节能的解决方案，并为未来的光子集成电路提供了有前途的途径。本文还深入研究了光自旋电子器件的最新进展，研究了它们在节能存储器、逻辑电路、神经形态计算和太赫兹应用中的应用。尽管前景广阔，但将光自旋电子系统集成到主流微电子平台仍面临着一些挑战。本文从设备和系统两个层面全面讨论了这些挑战，提供了潜在解决方案和未来前景的见解。通过总结近年来的研究进展，确定当前面临的挑战，本文旨在为光自旋电子学背景下的AOS的理解和发展做出贡献，为下一代超快和节能的自旋电子器件铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Subharmonic modulational instabilities 次谐波调制不稳定性

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.07.001

Wen-Rong Sun , Boris A. Malomed

<div><div>Benjamin and Feir in 1967 demonstrated that Stokes waves in deep water are unstable against longitudinal sideband perturbations, and this instability leads to the transformation of an initial periodic wave train into a chain of wave packets. Nowadays, this phenomenon is known as the Benjamin–Feir or modulational instability (MI), with a more general definition. In particular, it may be the <em>subharmonic instability</em>, when periodic wave trains are unstable against perturbations whose spatial period is a multiple of the underlying wave-train’s period. MI is well known as a ubiquitous effect occurring in diverse fields, such as water waves, plasmas, optics and photonics, and Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). One can examine the initial (i.e., linear) stage of the MI development by the linearization of the governing equations for small perturbations around the initial (unperturbed) periodic wave train. The linearization ceases to be valid when the growing amplitude of the perturbations becomes comparable to the amplitude of the unperturbed periodic wave trains, which makes investigation of the nonlinear stage of the MI-driven dynamics necessary. It is well known that the nonlinear evolution of MI leads to the formation of localized structures, such as solitons, breathers and rogue waves (RWs). Another essential type of the instability is the high-frequency MI (HFMI), which also originates from the water-wave theory and has been extended to other fields of physics. Similar to the classical MI (alias the low-frequency MI (LFMI)), HFMI may also be viewed as a subharmonic instability of periodic wave trains, but with a very small growth rate and narrow intervals of the Floquet exponents in which HFMI occurs. In this review, we mainly focus on the linear and nonlinear dynamics of periodic wave trains in integrable and nearly integrable systems, including the linear and nonlinear stage of the MI development and investigation of the subharmonic MI. <strong>First</strong>, we review findings concerning HFMI in fluid dynamics. Subsequently, we address outcomes of HFMI in various physical fields produced by the universal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, complemented by a spatially periodic potential. <strong>Second</strong>, we review discoveries regarding MI of cnoidal waves in nearly integrable and non-integrable systems, drawing insights from the consideration of the long-wave-short-wave resonance equation and universal <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> equation. In addition to that, we summarize analytical results pertaining to MI and modulational stability of cnoidal waves in some integrable systems. <strong>Third</strong>, we review results for the nonlinear stage of the MI development, by introducing exact correspondence between MI and the formation of localized waves, including RWs with ultra-high peak amplitudes in the baseband-MI regime, and the formation of RWs in the zero-wave

Benjamin和Feir（1967）证明了深水中的Stokes波在纵向边带扰动下是不稳定的，这种不稳定性导致初始周期波列转变为波包链。如今，这种现象被称为Benjamin-Feir或调制不稳定性（MI），具有更一般的定义。特别是，当周期波列在空间周期为底层波列周期的倍数的扰动下不稳定时，它可能是次谐波不稳定。众所周知，MI是一种普遍存在的效应，发生在不同的领域，如水波，等离子体，光学和光子学，以及玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BECs）。人们可以通过对初始（未扰动）周期波列周围的小扰动的控制方程的线性化来检查MI发展的初始（即线性）阶段。当扰动的增长幅度与未扰动的周期波列的幅度相当时，线性化就失效了，这就需要对mi驱动动力学的非线性阶段进行研究。众所周知，MI的非线性演化导致局部结构的形成，如孤子、呼吸子和异常波（RWs）。另一种重要的不稳定性类型是高频失稳（HFMI），它也起源于水波理论，并已扩展到物理学的其他领域。与经典MI（又称低频MI (LFMI)）类似，HFMI也可以被视为周期性波列的次谐波不稳定性，但HFMI发生时的Floquet指数的增长率非常小，间隔也很窄。本文主要介绍了可积和近可积系统中周期波列的线性和非线性动力学，包括广义广义波列的线性和非线性发展阶段以及次谐波广义波列的研究。随后，我们讨论了由通用非线性Schrödinger （NLS）方程产生的各种物理领域的HFMI结果，并辅以空间周期势。其次，我们回顾了近可积和不可积系统中关于余弦波的MI的发现，并从长波-短波共振方程和通用的ϕ4方程中获得了启示。此外，我们还总结了一些可积系统中关于MI和余弦波调制稳定性的分析结果。第三，在三分量Gross-Pitaevskii方程、bers - kap - reiman系统、Lugiato-Lefever方程和非线性Dirac方程的框架下，通过引入MI与局域波的形成之间的精确对应关系，回顾了MI发展的非线性阶段的结果，包括基带MI区域中具有超高峰值振幅的RWs，以及零波数增益MI区域中RWs的形成。

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引用次数: 0

Undecidability in physics: A review 物理学中的不可判定性：综述

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.06.004

Álvaro Perales-Eceiza , Toby Cubitt , Mile Gu , David Pérez-García , Michael M. Wolf

The study of undecidability in problems arising from physics has experienced a renewed interest, mainly in connection with quantum information problems. The goal of this review is to survey this recent development. After a historical introduction, we first explain the necessary results about undecidability in mathematics and computer science. Then we briefly review the first results about undecidability in physics which emerged mostly in the 80s and early 90s. Finally, we focus on the most recent contributions, which we divide in two main categories: many body systems and quantum information problems.

物理学问题中不可判定性的研究经历了新的兴趣，主要与量子信息问题有关。这篇综述的目的是调查这方面的最新发展。在历史介绍之后，我们首先解释数学和计算机科学中不可判定性的必要结果。然后，我们简要回顾了物理学中主要出现在80年代和90年代初的关于不可判定性的第一批结果。最后，我们关注最近的贡献，我们将其分为两大类：许多身体系统和量子信息问题。

引用次数: 0

Persistent currents in ultracold gases 超冷气体中的持续电流

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.06.003

J. Polo , W.J. Chetcuti , T. Haug , A. Minguzzi , K. Wright , L. Amico

Persistent currents flowing in spatially closed tracks define one of the most iconic concepts in mesoscopic physics. They have been studied in solid-state platforms such as superfluids, superconductors and metals. Cold atoms trapped in magneto-optical toroidal circuits and driven by suitable artificial gauge fields allow us to study persistent currents with unprecedented control and flexibility of the system’s physical conditions. Here, we review persistent currents of ultracold matter. Capitalizing on the remarkable progress in driving different atomic species to quantum degeneracy, persistent currents of single or multicomponent bosons/fermions, and their mixtures can be addressed within the present experimental know-how. This way, fundamental concepts of quantum science and many-body physics, like macroscopic quantum coherence, solitons, vortex dynamics, fermionic pairing and BEC-BCS crossover can be studied from a novel perspective. Finally, we discuss how persistent currents can form the basis of new technological applications like matter-wave gyroscopes and interferometers.

在空间封闭轨道上流动的持续电流定义了介观物理学中最具代表性的概念之一。它们已经在固态平台上进行了研究，如超流体、超导体和金属。冷原子被困在磁光环形电路中，并由合适的人工规范场驱动，使我们能够以前所未有的控制和系统物理条件的灵活性来研究持续电流。在这里，我们回顾了超冷物质的持续电流。利用在驱动不同原子物种的量子简并方面取得的显著进展，单组分或多组分玻色子/费米子及其混合物的持续电流可以在目前的实验技术中得到解决。这样，量子科学和多体物理的基本概念，如宏观量子相干性、孤子、涡旋动力学、费米子对和BEC-BCS交叉，就可以从一个新的角度来研究。最后，我们讨论了持续电流如何形成新技术应用的基础，如物质波陀螺仪和干涉仪。

引用次数: 0

Introduction to correlation networks: Interdisciplinary approaches beyond thresholding 相关网络导论：超越阈值的跨学科方法

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2025.06.002

Naoki Masuda , Zachary M. Boyd , Diego Garlaschelli , Peter J. Mucha

Many empirical networks originate from correlational data, arising in domains as diverse as psychology, neuroscience, genomics, microbiology, finance, and climate science. Specialized algorithms and theory have been developed in different application domains for working with such networks, as well as in statistics, network science, and computer science, often with limited communication between practitioners in different fields. This leaves significant room for cross-pollination across disciplines. A central challenge is that it is not always clear how to best transform correlation matrix data into networks for the application at hand, and probably the most widespread method, i.e., thresholding on the correlation value to create either unweighted or weighted networks, suffers from multiple problems. In this article, we review various methods of constructing and analyzing correlation networks, ranging from thresholding and its improvements to weighted networks, regularization, dynamic correlation networks, threshold-free approaches, comparison with null models, and more. Finally, we propose and discuss recommended practices and a variety of key open questions currently confronting this field.

许多经验网络源于相关数据，这些数据出现在心理学、神经科学、基因组学、微生物学、金融和气候科学等不同领域。在不同的应用领域，以及统计学、网络科学和计算机科学中，已经开发了专门的算法和理论，不同领域的从业者之间的交流往往有限。这为跨学科的交叉授粉留下了巨大的空间。一个核心的挑战是，对于手头的应用程序，如何最好地将相关矩阵数据转换为网络并不总是很清楚，可能最广泛的方法，即，对相关值设置阈值以创建未加权或加权网络，存在多种问题。在本文中，我们回顾了构建和分析相关网络的各种方法，从阈值法及其改进到加权网络、正则化、动态相关网络、无阈值方法、与零模型的比较等等。最后，我们提出并讨论了目前该领域面临的推荐实践和各种关键开放性问题。

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引用次数: 0