Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.13
Georgeta Nazarska
The article examines the political subjects of social change during the Bulgarian tran-sition from totalitarianism to democracy (1990-2007): the subcultures of ‘former com-munists’ and of ‘anti-communists’ formed in the early 1990s. The research question is about their attitudes in the past and presence to lustration – a point of intersection for the ideology, ideologemes, political rhetoric and practice of the ‘left’ and ‘right’, and an example of the divergence of the social projects of the main political forces – the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) and the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF). The re-search is based on a historical analysis of act and archival materials, periodicals, memoirs and surveys, as well as socio-anthropological analysis of in-depth interviews and focus groups.
{"title":"Lustration in the Social Change of the Bulgarian Transition (1990-2007)","authors":"Georgeta Nazarska","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the political subjects of social change during the Bulgarian tran-sition from totalitarianism to democracy (1990-2007): the subcultures of ‘former com-munists’ and of ‘anti-communists’ formed in the early 1990s. The research question is about their attitudes in the past and presence to lustration – a point of intersection for the ideology, ideologemes, political rhetoric and practice of the ‘left’ and ‘right’, and an example of the divergence of the social projects of the main political forces – the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) and the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF). The re-search is based on a historical analysis of act and archival materials, periodicals, memoirs and surveys, as well as socio-anthropological analysis of in-depth interviews and focus groups.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86278657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i32.5
Elena Azmanova-Rudarska
The article examines the formation of the special resort as a topos in which the pro-cesses of construction and functioning of literary texts were activated in the time of social realism, when privileges and benefits were created for special category of writ-ers. The process began with the formation of the Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Capitalism and grew with the special writers' awards given out on various occa-sions. The preferential use of recreational areas in Bulgaria also creates a kind of zoning - Borovets, Sozopol, Hisarya (Villa "Petrovich"), Varna, "Golden Sands" and others are assigned to Union of the Bulgarian Writers. In this context, literary collec-tions of short stories, novels, literary legends, etc. are compiled. The main thesis of the research is that resort-themed works combine ideology and literature while seemingly maintaining their tolerance for dominant socio-ideology. At the same time, they form a layer of relative freedom and are a peculiar escape from the cruel reality of the totali-tarian state. For the purpose of the report, the normative base (laws, rules, regula-tions, etc.) for the period 1944-1965, as well as memories, letters, journalistic materi-als, archives, works of fiction, are studied.
{"title":"The Privileges of Bulgarian Writers at Bulgarian Resorts during the Second Half of the 20th Century: Literary Interpretations and Contextualizations","authors":"Elena Azmanova-Rudarska","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i32.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i32.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the formation of the special resort as a topos in which the pro-cesses of construction and functioning of literary texts were activated in the time of social realism, when privileges and benefits were created for special category of writ-ers. The process began with the formation of the Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Capitalism and grew with the special writers' awards given out on various occa-sions. The preferential use of recreational areas in Bulgaria also creates a kind of zoning - Borovets, Sozopol, Hisarya (Villa \"Petrovich\"), Varna, \"Golden Sands\" and others are assigned to Union of the Bulgarian Writers. In this context, literary collec-tions of short stories, novels, literary legends, etc. are compiled. The main thesis of the research is that resort-themed works combine ideology and literature while seemingly maintaining their tolerance for dominant socio-ideology. At the same time, they form a layer of relative freedom and are a peculiar escape from the cruel reality of the totali-tarian state. For the purpose of the report, the normative base (laws, rules, regula-tions, etc.) for the period 1944-1965, as well as memories, letters, journalistic materi-als, archives, works of fiction, are studied.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"881 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76993474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article aims at identifying and analysing the image of Russia, its role and functions in the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky’s political discourse in the first week of the war. The research encompasses linguistic and rhetorical means of image formation, such as semantic fields, nominations and conceptual metaphors. The re-search is scientifically relevant because it discloses the image of the aggressor in the political discourse of the leader of an invaded sovereign state. The portrayal of Russia as the invader, aggressor, terrorist and enemy in the president’s daily political dis-course may help him to reach the intended aim – to disclose the real aims of Russia and, personally, Putin to the political leaders of the world, and to encourage them to impose sanctions on Russia and its citizens, and to send military, humanitarian and financial help to the invaded and devastated Ukraine.
{"title":"The Image of Russia in Volodymyr Zelensky’s Political Discourse (The First Week of the War)","authors":"Vilma Linkevičiūtė","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims at identifying and analysing the image of Russia, its role and functions in the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky’s political discourse in the first week of the war. The research encompasses linguistic and rhetorical means of image formation, such as semantic fields, nominations and conceptual metaphors. The re-search is scientifically relevant because it discloses the image of the aggressor in the political discourse of the leader of an invaded sovereign state. The portrayal of Russia as the invader, aggressor, terrorist and enemy in the president’s daily political dis-course may help him to reach the intended aim – to disclose the real aims of Russia and, personally, Putin to the political leaders of the world, and to encourage them to impose sanctions on Russia and its citizens, and to send military, humanitarian and financial help to the invaded and devastated Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90575781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.16
Antoaneta Mihailova, Zlatka Gerginova
The book published in 2021 by the Romanian Germanist Mihaela Zaharia presents to the reading audience a little-known Romanian poet, essayist and playwrighter. With a deep adoration for the man and teacher Rudolf Hollinger, the author offers a brief overview of his life and the facsimile of his letters to Hermann Hesse. From the correspondence between Hollinger and Zaharia, the reader receives information about the life credo, the aspirations and hopes of the other unknown to the general public humanist.
{"title":"To the teacher with love","authors":"Antoaneta Mihailova, Zlatka Gerginova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"The book published in 2021 by the Romanian Germanist Mihaela Zaharia presents to the reading audience a little-known Romanian poet, essayist and playwrighter. With a deep adoration for the man and teacher Rudolf Hollinger, the author offers a brief overview of his life and the facsimile of his letters to Hermann Hesse. From the correspondence between Hollinger and Zaharia, the reader receives information about the life credo, the aspirations and hopes of the other unknown to the general public humanist.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72518251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.14
Milka Angelova
This article is a review of the book “Turkology in Exile: Mefküre Mollova. A Biographical Study”, authored by Zeynep Zafer and Murie Muratova. Mefküre Mollova (1927–2009) was the first Turkish woman and university professor in Bulgaria, who gained international fame with her research in the field of Turkology. She devoted herself to unexplored issues of Turkish dialectology, related to the Turkish dialects in Bulgaria and other linguistic questions. Mefküre Mollova was among the founders of the Turkish Philology at the University of Sofia. She had worked for only about 7 years (1953–1961), when she and her husband were dismissed from their academic positions. Although unemployed and persecuted in communist Bulgaria, Mefküre Mollova continued to publish her work both in the country and abroad. She published her research in four languages – French, Turkish, Bulgarian, and Russian, but mostly in French. Mefküre Mollova was also the first Turkish poet to publish poems in Turkish periodicals and the only woman who managed to publish an independent collection of poems in Turkish in Bulgaria. In addition, she is the first author of several well-written travelogues. Having gained fame and recognition around the world, in her homeland she and her husband Riza Mollov are forgotten and neglected. Their refusal to collaborate with the communist authorities and to falsify academic research stigmatized them for decades and the autors hope that this book will contribute to correcting this injustice.
这篇文章是对《流亡中的突厥学:mefk re Mollova》一书的评论。《传记研究》，作者是泽内普·扎弗和穆里·穆拉托娃。莫洛娃(mefk - re Mollova, 1927-2009)是保加利亚第一位土耳其女性和大学教授，她在突厥学领域的研究获得了国际声誉。她致力于未开发的土耳其方言问题，与保加利亚的土耳其方言和其他语言学问题有关。莫洛娃是索菲亚大学土耳其文献学的创始人之一。她只工作了大约7年(1953-1961)，就和丈夫被开除了学术职位。尽管在共产主义国家保加利亚失业并受到迫害，mefk·雷·莫洛娃继续在国内和国外出版她的作品。她用四种语言发表了她的研究成果——法语、土耳其语、保加利亚语和俄语，但主要是法语。莫洛娃还是第一位在土耳其期刊上发表诗歌的土耳其诗人，也是唯一一位在保加利亚独立出版土耳其语诗集的女性。此外，她还是几部优秀游记的第一作者。她在世界各地获得了名声和认可，但在她的祖国，她和她的丈夫里扎·莫洛夫却被遗忘和忽视。几十年来，他们拒绝与共产党当局合作，拒绝伪造学术研究，这使他们蒙受了耻辱，作者希望这本书能有助于纠正这种不公正。
{"title":"The Biography of the Repressed Turkology in Bulgaria","authors":"Milka Angelova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a review of the book “Turkology in Exile: Mefküre Mollova. A Biographical Study”, authored by Zeynep Zafer and Murie Muratova. Mefküre Mollova (1927–2009) was the first Turkish woman and university professor in Bulgaria, who gained international fame with her research in the field of Turkology. She devoted herself to unexplored issues of Turkish dialectology, related to the Turkish dialects in Bulgaria and other linguistic questions. Mefküre Mollova was among the founders of the Turkish Philology at the University of Sofia. She had worked for only about 7 years (1953–1961), when she and her husband were dismissed from their academic positions. Although unemployed and persecuted in communist Bulgaria, Mefküre Mollova continued to publish her work both in the country and abroad. She published her research in four languages – French, Turkish, Bulgarian, and Russian, but mostly in French. Mefküre Mollova was also the first Turkish poet to publish poems in Turkish periodicals and the only woman who managed to publish an independent collection of poems in Turkish in Bulgaria. In addition, she is the first author of several well-written travelogues. Having gained fame and recognition around the world, in her homeland she and her husband Riza Mollov are forgotten and neglected. Their refusal to collaborate with the communist authorities and to falsify academic research stigmatized them for decades and the autors hope that this book will contribute to correcting this injustice.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86627759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.15
R. Avramov
Thе article is a review of the book: “Antonina Zhelyazkova, a Voice in the Wilderness. Anniversary Collection 70. (History. Urgent Anthropology. Essays). Sofia, Gutenberg Publishing House. 2022, ISBN 9786191762088.
{"title":"About the Anniversary of Antonina Zhelyazkova","authors":"R. Avramov","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Thе article is a review of the book: “Antonina Zhelyazkova, a Voice in the Wilderness. Anniversary Collection 70. (History. Urgent Anthropology. Essays). Sofia, Gutenberg Publishing House. 2022, ISBN 9786191762088.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84854906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.12
Y. Hristov, Kirił Marinow
The letters composed by the high Byzantine dignitary Theodore Daphnopates and sent to Bulgarian Tsar Symeon (r. 893–927; d. May 27, 927) on behalf of the Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos (r. 920–944; d. June 15, 948) in the final phase of the prolonged Byzantine-Bulgarian war of 913–927 are well known. Daphnopates’ corre-spondence has provoked and will probably continue to provoke the research activity, due to its focus either on the aspects of the Byzantine political ideology and concepts or on the Bulgarian claims in the early 10th century. This text focuses on information concerning Byzantine civilians and their fate under the pressure of advancing enemy troops. Attention is paid to their capture and abduction. The main focus is on the often overlooked or overtly neglected touches that Daphnopathes offers on enslavement, slave trafficking, and the Byzantine authorities' efforts to bring at least some of their subjects back to the Empire through the familiar practice of exchanging prisoners of war.
{"title":"Which Romans Are You Called the Emperor? Remarks on Theodore Daphnopates’ Correspondence to Tsar Symeon I (893 – 927) Concerning Byzantines in Bulgarian Captivity","authors":"Y. Hristov, Kirił Marinow","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The letters composed by the high Byzantine dignitary Theodore Daphnopates and sent to Bulgarian Tsar Symeon (r. 893–927; d. May 27, 927) on behalf of the Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos (r. 920–944; d. June 15, 948) in the final phase of the prolonged Byzantine-Bulgarian war of 913–927 are well known. Daphnopates’ corre-spondence has provoked and will probably continue to provoke the research activity, due to its focus either on the aspects of the Byzantine political ideology and concepts or on the Bulgarian claims in the early 10th century. This text focuses on information concerning Byzantine civilians and their fate under the pressure of advancing enemy troops. Attention is paid to their capture and abduction. The main focus is on the often overlooked or overtly neglected touches that Daphnopathes offers on enslavement, slave trafficking, and the Byzantine authorities' efforts to bring at least some of their subjects back to the Empire through the familiar practice of exchanging prisoners of war.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76980552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.20
Roman Hadzhikosev
The new collection of humorous and satirical works by Boris Rumenov (Boryu Zewzeka) "Hear Something Cheerful" is compiled by Kalina Zahova and scientific editor Andrei Tashev. The texts included in the collection cover the entire time span in which the writer worked - from the beginning of the 20th century until his assassination in the autumn of 1944, and reveal to the full extent the genre and thematic diversity of his artistic heritage. Some of the works in the present volume appear for the first time since their original publication.
{"title":"New edition of Boriu Zevzeka's Selected Works","authors":"Roman Hadzhikosev","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"The new collection of humorous and satirical works by Boris Rumenov (Boryu Zewzeka) \"Hear Something Cheerful\" is compiled by Kalina Zahova and scientific editor Andrei Tashev. The texts included in the collection cover the entire time span in which the writer worked - from the beginning of the 20th century until his assassination in the autumn of 1944, and reveal to the full extent the genre and thematic diversity of his artistic heritage. Some of the works in the present volume appear for the first time since their original publication.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79495764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal of this paper is the analysis of the short film in Kosovo. We will elabo-rate on the problem of the history and function of the short film in Kosovo. Through the method of comparison, we will analyze the development of the short film in Kosovo in relation to other films. The analysis is focussed on the period after 1999. It should be noted that the analysis will be of particular importance elaborating on the themes and problems of the short film in Kosovo. Therefore, in conclusion, we can say that the short film in Kosovo represents the evolution and dynamics of Kosovo society.
{"title":"The Short Film in Kosovo","authors":"D. Kryeziu","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this paper is the analysis of the short film in Kosovo. We will elabo-rate on the problem of the history and function of the short film in Kosovo. Through the method of comparison, we will analyze the development of the short film in Kosovo in relation to other films. The analysis is focussed on the period after 1999. It should be noted that the analysis will be of particular importance elaborating on the themes and problems of the short film in Kosovo. Therefore, in conclusion, we can say that the short film in Kosovo represents the evolution and dynamics of Kosovo society.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77543460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims at analyzing the formation of modernization movements in Turkish literature, which advanced from the 1860s on, within the context of transforming relationships of patronage. With an aim to show the importance of the transformation of patronage in the formation of the modernization movements in Turkish literary history, the first part of the study provides the background of artistic patronage through a theoretical framework. Then the function of the patronage mechanism in the context of artistic production throughout the historical development of Turkish literature is outlined. The second part discusses the reflections of the changing patronage on the artworks of Tanzimat artists. It is also shown that the radical transformation in the discourse and understanding of the literary works of this era is a direct result of the alternative financial sources that demolish the suppression of the writer. The third part focuses on how the pressure groups against the sovereign political and economic authority of the court became new patronage centers safeguarding opposing intellectuals and artists in the 19th century Ottoman Empire, and how they affected the processes of modernization movements in Turkish literature. When the data is analyzed in a holistic manner, it can be understood that the modernization movements in Turkish literature which started in the Tanzimat era cannot be comprehended independently from the results of the decline of patronage.
{"title":"A Look into the Modernization of Turkish Literature Through the Lens of Patronage","authors":"Cem Yılmaz Budan","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at analyzing the formation of modernization movements in Turkish literature, which advanced from the 1860s on, within the context of transforming relationships of patronage. With an aim to show the importance of the transformation of patronage in the formation of the modernization movements in Turkish literary history, the first part of the study provides the background of artistic patronage through a theoretical framework. Then the function of the patronage mechanism in the context of artistic production throughout the historical development of Turkish literature is outlined. The second part discusses the reflections of the changing patronage on the artworks of Tanzimat artists. It is also shown that the radical transformation in the discourse and understanding of the literary works of this era is a direct result of the alternative financial sources that demolish the suppression of the writer. The third part focuses on how the pressure groups against the sovereign political and economic authority of the court became new patronage centers safeguarding opposing intellectuals and artists in the 19th century Ottoman Empire, and how they affected the processes of modernization movements in Turkish literature. When the data is analyzed in a holistic manner, it can be understood that the modernization movements in Turkish literature which started in the Tanzimat era cannot be comprehended independently from the results of the decline of patronage.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"6 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85347258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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