The paper examines the problems faced by evangelical ministers condemned in the so-called Pastoral Trials (1948–1985) and their families. At the same time, the Bulgarian State Security managed to launch its own cadres to take the places of uncomfortable ones on the pulpits and push state policy following the KGB models. And they suc-ceeded in converting even some of the pastors who have been caught up in the judicial processes and declared unjustly. Attention is paid to the instigated opposition against highly educated and erudite clergymen enjoying authority in society, by officials obe-dient to the new authority, ready to sell their faith for some silver coin.
{"title":"Privileged Agents vs Repressed \"Spies\"","authors":"Maria Pileva, A. Pilev","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the problems faced by evangelical ministers condemned in the so-called Pastoral Trials (1948–1985) and their families. At the same time, the Bulgarian State Security managed to launch its own cadres to take the places of uncomfortable ones on the pulpits and push state policy following the KGB models. And they suc-ceeded in converting even some of the pastors who have been caught up in the judicial processes and declared unjustly. Attention is paid to the instigated opposition against highly educated and erudite clergymen enjoying authority in society, by officials obe-dient to the new authority, ready to sell their faith for some silver coin.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81646744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.21
Petya Ilieva-Trichkova
This article is a review of the book „How are we aging in Bulgaria? First results for Bulgaria from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE 2020/2021), Waves 7 & 8“ edited by Ekaterina L. Markova and Gabriela M. Yordanova.
这篇文章是对《保加利亚是如何变老的?》由Ekaterina L. Markova和Gabriela M. Yordanova编辑的《欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查(SHARE 2020/2021)，第7和第8波》对保加利亚的初步结果。
{"title":"Ageing in Bulgaria in turbulent times","authors":"Petya Ilieva-Trichkova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.21","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a review of the book „How are we aging in Bulgaria? First results for Bulgaria from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE 2020/2021), Waves 7 & 8“ edited by Ekaterina L. Markova and Gabriela M. Yordanova.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73417274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyzes the historical processes taking place in the Caucasus in the 1920s-1930s, which reflect the destruction of the democratic states of the Caucasus by Rus-sian Bolshevism and the efforts of the political elite of the Caucasus to restore the independence through the unification of the Caucasus. The work highlights the actors of these dramatic events and shows the influence of domestic and foreign factors on the mentioned processes. It is emphasized that the first confrontation between Russian Bolshevism and Western-type democracy took place in the Caucasus, which ended with the defeat of the latter. Based on the critical analysis of rich primary sources, emigrant press, and the records of eyewitnesses, the paper explains the reasons for the victory of Russian Bol-shevism, on the one hand, and, of the defeat of the independent democratic states of the Caucasus, on the other hand, the importance of the unification of the Caucasus to achieve common Caucasian goals is highlighted, the indifferent attitude of the West-ern states (with some exceptions) to the ongoing processes in the Caucasus and their negative role in the victory of Russian Bolshevism is shown. It is emphasized that the pursuit of a pragmatic policy, devoid of values, which was carried out by the Western World in relation to Bolshevik Russia/Soviet Union, is disastrous even for pragmatists, that collaboration with totalitarian and autocratic regimes threatens the democracy and world order based on the basic principles of the international law. Based on the reconciliation of historical events, the paper draws parallels between the political processes going on in the period under investigation and the modern world, it is demonstrated the psycho type of Russia, which does not change historically, on one hand, and the mistakes of the Western world, which contribute to its militarization, on the other hand.
{"title":"The Caucasus in the 1920s – 1930s: the First Clash of the Democratic World with Russian Bolshevism and Its Consequences","authors":"G. Gotsiridze","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the historical processes taking place in the Caucasus in the 1920s-1930s, which reflect the destruction of the democratic states of the Caucasus by Rus-sian Bolshevism and the efforts of the political elite of the Caucasus to restore the independence through the unification of the Caucasus. The work highlights the actors of these dramatic events and shows the influence of domestic and foreign factors on the mentioned processes. It is emphasized that the first confrontation between Russian Bolshevism and Western-type democracy took place in the Caucasus, which ended with the defeat of the latter. Based on the critical analysis of rich primary sources, emigrant press, and the records of eyewitnesses, the paper explains the reasons for the victory of Russian Bol-shevism, on the one hand, and, of the defeat of the independent democratic states of the Caucasus, on the other hand, the importance of the unification of the Caucasus to achieve common Caucasian goals is highlighted, the indifferent attitude of the West-ern states (with some exceptions) to the ongoing processes in the Caucasus and their negative role in the victory of Russian Bolshevism is shown. It is emphasized that the pursuit of a pragmatic policy, devoid of values, which was carried out by the Western World in relation to Bolshevik Russia/Soviet Union, is disastrous even for pragmatists, that collaboration with totalitarian and autocratic regimes threatens the democracy and world order based on the basic principles of the international law. Based on the reconciliation of historical events, the paper draws parallels between the political processes going on in the period under investigation and the modern world, it is demonstrated the psycho type of Russia, which does not change historically, on one hand, and the mistakes of the Western world, which contribute to its militarization, on the other hand.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87359191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.12
Nina Debruyne
One of the most characteristic phenomena of the Transition in Bulgaria in the 1990s were the socalled Wrestlers’ brigades. Their emergence and rise left a lasting imprint on the social fabric and provided the initial impetus for the formation of the so-called ‘Wrestlers/ Mutri’ subculture. In a situation of rapidly changing public, economic and social environments in Bulgaria after the fall of the totalitarian regime in 1989, the Wrestlers’ brigades gave young men with modest family backgrounds the opportunity to become part of a set enjoying a progressively privileged economic and social circumstance. In the aftermath of the state's abdication of its regulatory and adjudicative functions, these groups and their individual members gained access to various power levers and transformed from privileged to privileging — granting privileges — both to in-group members (family, friends, etc.) and outsiders such as politicians, business people, artists, etc. This process of transformation from disadvantaged to privileged in this context has not yet been fully explored. The available documentary and archival information is currently limited and difficult to access. Fiction as a parallel source allows us to consider these processes from a different angle. The purpose of the proposed paper is to analyse the novels of Georgi Stoev – admittedly a former member of a Wrestler’s group, as a source of information about the process of transformation from disadvantage to privilege and of specific subcultural traits. By comparing the information in the eight books in the ‘Witnesses of the Times’ and ‘BG Godfather’ series with publicly available documents, studies and publications, a deeper understanding is obtained of the values and dynamics of the Wrestlers/ Mutri subculture in Bulgaria at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century.
{"title":"From Being Deprived to Bestowing Privileges – Artistic Reflections of the Wrestlers /Mutri/ Subculture in The Novels by Georgi Stoev","authors":"Nina Debruyne","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most characteristic phenomena of the Transition in Bulgaria in the 1990s were the socalled Wrestlers’ brigades. Their emergence and rise left a lasting imprint on the social fabric and provided the initial impetus for the formation of the so-called ‘Wrestlers/ Mutri’ subculture. In a situation of rapidly changing public, economic and social environments in Bulgaria after the fall of the totalitarian regime in 1989, the Wrestlers’ brigades gave young men with modest family backgrounds the opportunity to become part of a set enjoying a progressively privileged economic and social circumstance. In the aftermath of the state's abdication of its regulatory and adjudicative functions, these groups and their individual members gained access to various power levers and transformed from privileged to privileging — granting privileges — both to in-group members (family, friends, etc.) and outsiders such as politicians, business people, artists, etc. This process of transformation from disadvantaged to privileged in this context has not yet been fully explored. The available documentary and archival information is currently limited and difficult to access. Fiction as a parallel source allows us to consider these processes from a different angle. The purpose of the proposed paper is to analyse the novels of Georgi Stoev – admittedly a former member of a Wrestler’s group, as a source of information about the process of transformation from disadvantage to privilege and of specific subcultural traits. By comparing the information in the eight books in the ‘Witnesses of the Times’ and ‘BG Godfather’ series with publicly available documents, studies and publications, a deeper understanding is obtained of the values and dynamics of the Wrestlers/ Mutri subculture in Bulgaria at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73327323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i32.4
Milka Angelova
This article analyses the formation and institutionalisation of the system of privileges in communist Bulgaria. Right after September 1944, the establishment of a system of privileges was initiated, a system that created special categories of citizens opposed in this way to the rest of society. From 1944 on, former partisans became part of the rul-ing elite and granted themselves and their relatives many privileges, transforming themselves into a specially privileged caste. The analysis is based on the archive doc-uments of the Union of the People’s Guerrilla Fighters and the Union of the Fighters against Fascism – institutions existing in the period 1945–1951. The activities of the ‘fighters’ were aimed at substituting in very short terms after the take over the vectors of the public memory in order to legitimize the new power resources. The social system of total control and caste privileges discredited the idea of modern society, social freedom and equality. The author analyses both legislation as well as the ways in which privileges were constructed in social policies in communist Bulgaria.
{"title":"Privileges and „Patronage“ instead of Social Care: \"Fighters Against Fascism\" in the Social Policies in Communist Bulgaria, 1944–1951","authors":"Milka Angelova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i32.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i32.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the formation and institutionalisation of the system of privileges in communist Bulgaria. Right after September 1944, the establishment of a system of privileges was initiated, a system that created special categories of citizens opposed in this way to the rest of society. From 1944 on, former partisans became part of the rul-ing elite and granted themselves and their relatives many privileges, transforming themselves into a specially privileged caste. The analysis is based on the archive doc-uments of the Union of the People’s Guerrilla Fighters and the Union of the Fighters against Fascism – institutions existing in the period 1945–1951. The activities of the ‘fighters’ were aimed at substituting in very short terms after the take over the vectors of the public memory in order to legitimize the new power resources. The social system of total control and caste privileges discredited the idea of modern society, social freedom and equality. The author analyses both legislation as well as the ways in which privileges were constructed in social policies in communist Bulgaria.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90729577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.19
Nadezhda Stalyanova
The paper explores the language-society relationship in the context of gender-neutral language, a part of inclusive communication that aims to avoid referring to a person's gender while inappropriately highlighting or attributing positive or negative characteristics exclusively associated with one gender. The analysis is situated in the linguistic aspect of so-called gender-sensitive language or gender-neutral language. The text studies the semantics of two phraseologisms in Bulgarian perceived as discriminatory, negatively marked and suggesting gender stereotypes. In order to investigate and analyze the reception and use of the phraseologies мъжка дума (man’s word) and мъжко момиче (man like girl) by school-age youth, we conducted a survey among respondents between 15 and 17 years old. The aim of the study was to analyze to what extent young people perceive the connotative meaning of the phraseologisms, whether they realize their semantics as evaluative and characterizing a certain type of behavior. The questions in the survey are devoted to the stylistic and connotative meaning of the studied expressions. The findings of the study show that phraseologisms with a component indicating a person's biological sex and expressing a certain attitude towards its stereotypical perception in society are not part of the active vocabulary of the Bulgarian students. Young people experience difficulties in defining their semantics. The text predicts that their reduced use in the near future will not be the result of policies enforcing the principles of inclusive communication. These phraseologies will naturally pass into the passive part of the lexical system due to ignorance of their semantics.
{"title":"Gender Marked Phraseologisms in Bulgarian – Aspects of their Semantics and Stylistic Marking","authors":"Nadezhda Stalyanova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.19","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the language-society relationship in the context of gender-neutral language, a part of inclusive communication that aims to avoid referring to a person's gender while inappropriately highlighting or attributing positive or negative characteristics exclusively associated with one gender. The analysis is situated in the linguistic aspect of so-called gender-sensitive language or gender-neutral language. The text studies the semantics of two phraseologisms in Bulgarian perceived as discriminatory, negatively marked and suggesting gender stereotypes. In order to investigate and analyze the reception and use of the phraseologies мъжка дума (man’s word) and мъжко момиче (man like girl) by school-age youth, we conducted a survey among respondents between 15 and 17 years old. The aim of the study was to analyze to what extent young people perceive the connotative meaning of the phraseologisms, whether they realize their semantics as evaluative and characterizing a certain type of behavior. The questions in the survey are devoted to the stylistic and connotative meaning of the studied expressions. The findings of the study show that phraseologisms with a component indicating a person's biological sex and expressing a certain attitude towards its stereotypical perception in society are not part of the active vocabulary of the Bulgarian students. Young people experience difficulties in defining their semantics. The text predicts that their reduced use in the near future will not be the result of policies enforcing the principles of inclusive communication. These phraseologies will naturally pass into the passive part of the lexical system due to ignorance of their semantics.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89612288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whatever is the nature of the war there are two parties engaged in conflict. Terror is much more terrible, because in this case there are no opposing sides: the “powers that be” methodically destroy “undesirable elements”. In Georgia, the intelligentsia was gradually eliminated: writers, poets, scientists, public figures were sent to camps, shot, evicted by families, forced to write false denunciations. Thus, analyzing the develop-ment of science and culture in Georgia between the two world wars, we can conclude that the Sovietization of Georgia and the regime of "great terror" were characterized by such a large number of victims among the Georgian intelligentsia and talented youth that the problems of science were relegated to the urgent need survive.
{"title":"Fate of Scientists and Artists in the Period of the Red and Big Terror","authors":"Marine Aroshidze, Nino Aroshidze","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Whatever is the nature of the war there are two parties engaged in conflict. Terror is much more terrible, because in this case there are no opposing sides: the “powers that be” methodically destroy “undesirable elements”. In Georgia, the intelligentsia was gradually eliminated: writers, poets, scientists, public figures were sent to camps, shot, evicted by families, forced to write false denunciations. Thus, analyzing the develop-ment of science and culture in Georgia between the two world wars, we can conclude that the Sovietization of Georgia and the regime of \"great terror\" were characterized by such a large number of victims among the Georgian intelligentsia and talented youth that the problems of science were relegated to the urgent need survive.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83788434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper approaches the issue of the Holocaust in South-Eastern Europe from the perspective of country branding and „competing identities” – term coined by Simon Anholt in the first decade of the 21st century. Though examination of the official North Macedonian and Bulgarian discourses about the WWII reflected in the contem-porary films, serials, political and historical statements, quasi-academic pamphlets, and partly architecture, the study aims to explore the mechanisms of construction of a new, “Holocaust-based” historical identity in these countries. The study argues that the current politics of memory of the two sides is propagandistic and mostly based on PR technologies which are rather indifferent or only partly sensitive to the historical facts and moral/humanist aspects of the question. The conclusion therefore is that the construction of a "competitive identity" by both sides was doomed to failure because countries that cannot achieve a minimum internal consensus on basic human, legal, aesthetic, political, etc. norms and values – as Anholt's concept would require -, have no chance of presenting an outwardly attractive, or at least acceptable, image.
{"title":"Branded Identities. Remarks on the Holocaust chapter of the Macedonian-Bulgarian War on Identity","authors":"Péter Krasztev","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The paper approaches the issue of the Holocaust in South-Eastern Europe from the perspective of country branding and „competing identities” – term coined by Simon Anholt in the first decade of the 21st century. Though examination of the official North Macedonian and Bulgarian discourses about the WWII reflected in the contem-porary films, serials, political and historical statements, quasi-academic pamphlets, and partly architecture, the study aims to explore the mechanisms of construction of a new, “Holocaust-based” historical identity in these countries. The study argues that the current politics of memory of the two sides is propagandistic and mostly based on PR technologies which are rather indifferent or only partly sensitive to the historical facts and moral/humanist aspects of the question. The conclusion therefore is that the construction of a \"competitive identity\" by both sides was doomed to failure because countries that cannot achieve a minimum internal consensus on basic human, legal, aesthetic, political, etc. norms and values – as Anholt's concept would require -, have no chance of presenting an outwardly attractive, or at least acceptable, image.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90742353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.20
V. Chavdarova
The review of the book "Psychoanalysis in Bulgaria until the 1940s" presents the historical-psychological research carried out by Assoc. Ph.D. Stoil Mavrodiev, dedicated to the genesis and development of the psychoanalytic movement in Bulgaria in the period of the 1920s –1940s, when it was its apogee. The author offers an analytical-interpretive, critical reading of the works of Bulgarian psychoanalytically oriented authors and reveals their contribution to pedagogy, sociology, philosophy, religion, literary studies, etc. The monograph is the first complete and detailed study of the Bulgarian psychoanalytic heritage.
{"title":"For the Monograph of Stoil Mavrodiev \"Psychoanalysis in Bulgaria until the 1940s\"","authors":"V. Chavdarova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.20","url":null,"abstract":"The review of the book \"Psychoanalysis in Bulgaria until the 1940s\" presents the historical-psychological research carried out by Assoc. Ph.D. Stoil Mavrodiev, dedicated to the genesis and development of the psychoanalytic movement in Bulgaria in the period of the 1920s –1940s, when it was its apogee. The author offers an analytical-interpretive, critical reading of the works of Bulgarian psychoanalytically oriented authors and reveals their contribution to pedagogy, sociology, philosophy, religion, literary studies, etc. The monograph is the first complete and detailed study of the Bulgarian psychoanalytic heritage.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"314 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88833651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.10
Evgenia V. Ivanova
The text further develops the author's earlier thesis about the typologies of Bulgarian and Serbian nationalism as dependent on collective memory – heroic or traumatic. And – to some extent – gets into an argument with her. The article examines the reactions of Bulgarian and Serbian society to the decisions of the Berlin Treaty (1878), which proved traumatic for both sides – regardless of the differences in the status of the one and the other. The Berlin Treaty — if it did not cause, it — legitimized four wars, became the starting point for aspirations for the redistribution of the peninsula and a source of traumatic memory. Although the subsequent victories and battles alternate with different intensity, the core elements of national identity remain the series of "Golgotha" (in the Serbian case) and "national catastrophes" (in the Bulgarian). Collective memory, of course, can undergo reversals – depending on the needs of a particular political situation and on the "invention of tradition" to serve this situation.
{"title":"Disadvantaged Balkans. Trauma \"Berlin Peace Treaty\" in the Memory of Bulgarians and Serbs","authors":"Evgenia V. Ivanova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The text further develops the author's earlier thesis about the typologies of Bulgarian and Serbian nationalism as dependent on collective memory – heroic or traumatic. And – to some extent – gets into an argument with her. The article examines the reactions of Bulgarian and Serbian society to the decisions of the Berlin Treaty (1878), which proved traumatic for both sides – regardless of the differences in the status of the one and the other. The Berlin Treaty — if it did not cause, it — legitimized four wars, became the starting point for aspirations for the redistribution of the peninsula and a source of traumatic memory. Although the subsequent victories and battles alternate with different intensity, the core elements of national identity remain the series of \"Golgotha\" (in the Serbian case) and \"national catastrophes\" (in the Bulgarian). Collective memory, of course, can undergo reversals – depending on the needs of a particular political situation and on the \"invention of tradition\" to serve this situation.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85392227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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