After Nicolae Ceaușescu’s execution on December 25, 1989, Romania faced an important issue to deal with: What was to be done with the 44 years of a quasi-totalitarian system, based on continuous political violence?! How should Romanians relate to it? What was to be remembered and what was to be forgotten? How it should be passed on to the next generations, those who were born before, around or after the fall of the regime? The answer to these questions has varied over the 35 years since the fall of the communist regime in Romania. Numerous factors contributed to the way in which Romanians related to their communist past, how it was represented in the public space, how it was and is passed on. The actors involved have also changed and the official public memory has known many avatars. In the subsequent pages, I propose an analysis of all these aspects, resulting from my research of the last 21 years on the memory of Communism.
{"title":"Communism in Post-communist Romania: An Ambivalent Legacy","authors":"Claudia-Florentina Dobre","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"After Nicolae Ceaușescu’s execution on December 25, 1989, Romania faced an important issue to deal with: What was to be done with the 44 years of a quasi-totalitarian system, based on continuous political violence?! How should Romanians relate to it? What was to be remembered and what was to be forgotten? How it should be passed on to the next generations, those who were born before, around or after the fall of the regime? The answer to these questions has varied over the 35 years since the fall of the communist regime in Romania. Numerous factors contributed to the way in which Romanians related to their communist past, how it was represented in the public space, how it was and is passed on. The actors involved have also changed and the official public memory has known many avatars. In the subsequent pages, I propose an analysis of all these aspects, resulting from my research of the last 21 years on the memory of Communism.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141410840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.22
Georgeta Nazarska
This article deals with post-communist period in Bulgaria and particularly with the social change on the example of sports elites. It is studying the transformation of old (totalitarian) sports elites into new (capitalist) ones, changes in their symbolic capital and content of new ‘reputational elites’, and the legacy of socialist sport in the transi-tion period. Social history and social anthropology approaches are used in order to apply elite theory and concept of Bourdieu for symbolic and social capital. The re-search is based on primary official and statistical documents and on oral standardized interviews.
{"title":"Social Change and Reputational Elites: Assessments and Reassessments of the ‘Sporting Glory of Bulgaria’ (1989-2020s)","authors":"Georgeta Nazarska","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.22","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with post-communist period in Bulgaria and particularly with the social change on the example of sports elites. It is studying the transformation of old (totalitarian) sports elites into new (capitalist) ones, changes in their symbolic capital and content of new ‘reputational elites’, and the legacy of socialist sport in the transi-tion period. Social history and social anthropology approaches are used in order to apply elite theory and concept of Bourdieu for symbolic and social capital. The re-search is based on primary official and statistical documents and on oral standardized interviews.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.21
Elena Krejčová
After the fall of communist regimes, post-communist societies experienced a period of intense political change. New political parties and structures emerged that created both new programs and concepts as well as terminology. The vocabulary of any language is dynamic and constantly evolving in line with changes in society. As for the language of the 1990s in post-communist societies, we can point out that the language is a mirror of the life around us and its economic, political and social upheavals. The new realities are reflected in the lexical system of the language with a special evaluation embedded in the semantics or connotation of the described vocabulary. Those words are actually key concepts of the "new life" and everyday life of the transition and can become guidelines in the study of this modern period. The text presents part of the language corpus created by us of the words from the 1990s. The object of our research are the lexemes related to organized crime. Vocabulary related to that semantic field contains a large amount of expressiveness or change in the original semantics.
{"title":"The Linguistic Legacy of Organized Crime in the 1990s in Post-Communist Countries","authors":"Elena Krejčová","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.21","url":null,"abstract":"After the fall of communist regimes, post-communist societies experienced a period of intense political change. New political parties and structures emerged that created both new programs and concepts as well as terminology. The vocabulary of any language is dynamic and constantly evolving in line with changes in society. As for the language of the 1990s in post-communist societies, we can point out that the language is a mirror of the life around us and its economic, political and social upheavals. The new realities are reflected in the lexical system of the language with a special evaluation embedded in the semantics or connotation of the described vocabulary. Those words are actually key concepts of the \"new life\" and everyday life of the transition and can become guidelines in the study of this modern period. The text presents part of the language corpus created by us of the words from the 1990s. The object of our research are the lexemes related to organized crime. Vocabulary related to that semantic field contains a large amount of expressiveness or change in the original semantics.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents less known information from the life of Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria. It also points out the differences in the perception of his person in the Bulgarian and Slovak environment. In the introduction, the author mentions the noble family of the Coburgs, from which Ferdinand came, and in the context of the socio-political situation traces his life path from his accession to the Bulgarian throne to his abdication. The work is based on the publications of renowned historians Roman Holec and Jan Rychlík, on the memoirs of Dobri Ganchev Spomeni za knjazheskoto vreme (Memories of princely times), Jaroslav Chudík and Klára Jarunková Horehronský talizman (The Talisman of Horehron), as well as on the historical novel by Anton Hykisch Spomeň si na cára (Remember the Tsar), which has also been translated into Bulgarian.
文章介绍了保加利亚沙皇斐迪南一世生平中鲜为人知的信息。文章还指出了保加利亚和斯洛伐克环境中对其个人看法的差异。在引言中，作者提到了斐迪南出身的科堡贵族家庭，并结合社会政治形势追溯了他从登上保加利亚王位到退位的人生轨迹。这部作品基于著名历史学家 Roman Holec 和 Jan Rychlík 的著作，以及 Dobri Ganchev 的回忆录《Spomeni za knjazheskoto vreme》（王子时代的回忆）、Jaroslav Chudík 和 Klára Jarunková Horehronský talizman（《Horehron 的护身符》）的回忆录，以及 Anton Hykisch 的历史小说 Spomeň si na cára（《记住沙皇》）。
{"title":"King Ferdinand in Slovakia: through the Eyes of Historical Facts and Fiction","authors":"Mária Dobríková","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents less known information from the life of Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria. It also points out the differences in the perception of his person in the Bulgarian and Slovak environment. In the introduction, the author mentions the noble family of the Coburgs, from which Ferdinand came, and in the context of the socio-political situation traces his life path from his accession to the Bulgarian throne to his abdication. The work is based on the publications of renowned historians Roman Holec and Jan Rychlík, on the memoirs of Dobri Ganchev Spomeni za knjazheskoto vreme (Memories of princely times), Jaroslav Chudík and Klára Jarunková Horehronský talizman (The Talisman of Horehron), as well as on the historical novel by Anton Hykisch Spomeň si na cára (Remember the Tsar), which has also been translated into Bulgarian.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.11
Rusalena Pendzhekova-Hristeva
The study presents newly discovered documentary evidence about the history and organization of the Bulgarian archives during the totalitarian period. The object of the study is special file No. 6431/87 of the Main Directorate of Archives at the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, currently stored in the Аrchive of the Committee for Disclosing the Documents and Announcing Affiliation of Bulgarian Citizens to the State Security and the Intelligence Services of the Bulgarian National Army. The documents contained in the case have been analyzed and presented in a source-oriented aspect, namely: the guiding materials (part I), the operational materials (part II) and the informational and other materials (parts III and IV). The mentioned documentary information supplements, to a certain extent, the information about the processes of integrating the state archives into the institutional structure of the totalitarian state. More specifically, according to data from the special file, the questions about: the status, tasks and functions of the security and regime officer in the Main Directorate of Archives are affected; the protection of the state and official secret in the state archives; the acquisition of personal papers in a archive, and the seizure of archival documents kept by citizens; the access of foreigners to archival documents; the search for Bulgarian documents abroad; the ideologization and politicization of archives, etc.
{"title":"Touches to the History of the Bulgarian Archives in the Totalitarian Period (According to Data from Special File No. 6431/87)","authors":"Rusalena Pendzhekova-Hristeva","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents newly discovered documentary evidence about the history and organization of the Bulgarian archives during the totalitarian period. The object of the study is special file No. 6431/87 of the Main Directorate of Archives at the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, currently stored in the Аrchive of the Committee for Disclosing the Documents and Announcing Affiliation of Bulgarian Citizens to the State Security and the Intelligence Services of the Bulgarian National Army. The documents contained in the case have been analyzed and presented in a source-oriented aspect, namely: the guiding materials (part I), the operational materials (part II) and the informational and other materials (parts III and IV). The mentioned documentary information supplements, to a certain extent, the information about the processes of integrating the state archives into the institutional structure of the totalitarian state. More specifically, according to data from the special file, the questions about: the status, tasks and functions of the security and regime officer in the Main Directorate of Archives are affected; the protection of the state and official secret in the state archives; the acquisition of personal papers in a archive, and the seizure of archival documents kept by citizens; the access of foreigners to archival documents; the search for Bulgarian documents abroad; the ideologization and politicization of archives, etc.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141394595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article analyses how contemporary women’s literature deconstructs the Soviet myth of the Great Patriotic War under the influence of contemporary Russian aggression. This myth defined the narrative of World War II as a heroic sacrifice of the Soviet people. As a result, the diversity of experiences was suppressed and the memory of them was not formed. Since independence, Ukrainian culture has been restoring the gaps in history and memory, which has become especially important in the context of the ongoing war. Women’s literature participates in this process by focusing on women’s experiences, which are usually marginalized in the national-focused narrative. This study aims to identify the contribution of women’s literature to the process of decolonization. The object of the study is such women’s novels as The Museum of Abandoned Secrets by Oksana Zabuzhko (as a precursor to the modern treatment of the topic), Amadoka by Sofia Andruhovych, Because it Hurts by Yevgenia Senik, Eva’s Apples by Khrystyna Kotsira and Faride by Iren Rozdobudko. The study found that women’s literature most often addresses the topics of women combatants, deportations, and the Holocaust. In this way, the authors contribute to the process of returning to national history. At the same time, the study demonstrates the complex interaction of nationality and gender in contemporary women’s literature. As women’s literature also contradicts the traditional nationally oriented discourse, emphasizing female agency and appealing to multinational experience (except Ukrainian, Jewish, and Crimean Tatar). This understanding of the theme of the Second World War by contemporary Ukrainian women’s literature creates a context for the perception of the specifically female experience of the current war and resists attempts at ideological manipulation around women’s roles.
{"title":"Stories of our Grandmothers: How Modern Ukrainian Women's Literature Deconstructs the Soviet Myth about the Great Patriotic War","authors":"S. Zhygun","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses how contemporary women’s literature deconstructs the Soviet myth of the Great Patriotic War under the influence of contemporary Russian aggression. This myth defined the narrative of World War II as a heroic sacrifice of the Soviet people. As a result, the diversity of experiences was suppressed and the memory of them was not formed. Since independence, Ukrainian culture has been restoring the gaps in history and memory, which has become especially important in the context of the ongoing war. Women’s literature participates in this process by focusing on women’s experiences, which are usually marginalized in the national-focused narrative. This study aims to identify the contribution of women’s literature to the process of decolonization. The object of the study is such women’s novels as The Museum of Abandoned Secrets by Oksana Zabuzhko (as a precursor to the modern treatment of the topic), Amadoka by Sofia Andruhovych, Because it Hurts by Yevgenia Senik, Eva’s Apples by Khrystyna Kotsira and Faride by Iren Rozdobudko. The study found that women’s literature most often addresses the topics of women combatants, deportations, and the Holocaust. In this way, the authors contribute to the process of returning to national history. At the same time, the study demonstrates the complex interaction of nationality and gender in contemporary women’s literature. As women’s literature also contradicts the traditional nationally oriented discourse, emphasizing female agency and appealing to multinational experience (except Ukrainian, Jewish, and Crimean Tatar). This understanding of the theme of the Second World War by contemporary Ukrainian women’s literature creates a context for the perception of the specifically female experience of the current war and resists attempts at ideological manipulation around women’s roles.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141400685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present article explores a short Bulgarian manuscript preserved in the National Library “Ivan Vazov”. It dates back to the early 1830s and contains 12 pages. Eleven of them are written in Turkish with Cyrillic script and includes over 100 Turkish prov-erbs. The last 12th page contains a marginal note that is written in Bulgarian. The manuscript precedes the appearance of the first editions of printed books in Turkish with Cyrillic script in the early 1840s and is one of the earliest written representations of 19th century Bulgarian-Turkish bilingualism. Several problems are addressed in the article – the authorship and exact date of the manuscript, the specifics of the lan-guage, structure and content of proverbs.
{"title":"Cultural and Linguistic Specifics of a 19th Century Manuscript from the National Library “Ivan Vazov” in Plovdiv","authors":"Hristo Saldzhiev","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The present article explores a short Bulgarian manuscript preserved in the National Library “Ivan Vazov”. It dates back to the early 1830s and contains 12 pages. Eleven of them are written in Turkish with Cyrillic script and includes over 100 Turkish prov-erbs. The last 12th page contains a marginal note that is written in Bulgarian. The manuscript precedes the appearance of the first editions of printed books in Turkish with Cyrillic script in the early 1840s and is one of the earliest written representations of 19th century Bulgarian-Turkish bilingualism. Several problems are addressed in the article – the authorship and exact date of the manuscript, the specifics of the lan-guage, structure and content of proverbs.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141391000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.23
Margarita Gerginova
The article examines obituaries in Bulgaria during the period of the Bulgarian Renaissance. These texts are derived from the internal need of the Bulgarians for modernization on a spiritual, cultural and educational level. Obituaries are a kind of new secular text with the aim of not so much to announce the death of a person, but to point to a meaningful existence and intellectual pursuits. The genre itself modernizes the consciousness and pursuits of the people from the 19th century. It creates prereq-uisites for comparison in a positive or negative direction with certain individuals, and it was in a function of prescribing social behavior. Obituaries became a kind of trib-une of propaganda, assessment and imposition of linguistic style. Obituaries during the Bulgarian Renaissance modernize through their encyclopedic nature, introduction of new vocabulary and terminology, familiarization with cultural and social changes in our neighboring Balkan and Western European countries, and naturally became one of the significant and influential genres of Bulgarian enlightenment on intellectual and spiritual level. The polyfunctionality of the obituary defines it as hypertext that aims to suggest a multi-layered reading of the period, as well as an archive and archetype of the personality during the Bulgarian Renaissance.
{"title":"The Renaissance Obituary – Archive, Archetype and Hypertext","authors":"Margarita Gerginova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.23","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines obituaries in Bulgaria during the period of the Bulgarian Renaissance. These texts are derived from the internal need of the Bulgarians for modernization on a spiritual, cultural and educational level. Obituaries are a kind of new secular text with the aim of not so much to announce the death of a person, but to point to a meaningful existence and intellectual pursuits. The genre itself modernizes the consciousness and pursuits of the people from the 19th century. It creates prereq-uisites for comparison in a positive or negative direction with certain individuals, and it was in a function of prescribing social behavior. Obituaries became a kind of trib-une of propaganda, assessment and imposition of linguistic style. Obituaries during the Bulgarian Renaissance modernize through their encyclopedic nature, introduction of new vocabulary and terminology, familiarization with cultural and social changes in our neighboring Balkan and Western European countries, and naturally became one of the significant and influential genres of Bulgarian enlightenment on intellectual and spiritual level. The polyfunctionality of the obituary defines it as hypertext that aims to suggest a multi-layered reading of the period, as well as an archive and archetype of the personality during the Bulgarian Renaissance.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141389929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.18
Marine Sioridze, Ketevan Svanidze
Due to historical ill-fate, Georgia found itself cut off from European civilization and culture for a long time. The catastrophe caused by the fall of Constantinople in the 15th century placed Georgia under an aggressive Islamic siege, posing a mortal threat to the existence of its nation-state and at the same time cutting the spiritual and cultural arteries that historically connected Georgia with Europe. The process of “re-Europeanization” (Siradze, 2008, p. 213) was first systematically revealed in the Georgian writing of the so-called “transitional century” (the turn of the 18th-19th centuries) and spread in all spheres of life throughout the 19th century. It should be emphasized that for our leaders, Europeanism was essentially not a matter of social-cultural orientation or vector, but the return of Georgian culture to its native bosom, native living and mental space, the restoration of the natural path of development. The 19th century saw great interest in Europe and its literature. The term "Europeanism" has been established since the 1850s. As for the content of the term itself, when defining the essence of Europeanism, we rely mainly on the point of view of Friedrich Nietzsche that Europe, as a term denoting culture, refers to those peoples who have a common past with the Greek and Roman civilizations, in the form of the Bible and Christianity. If we take into account Nietzsche’s definition and compare it with the history of Georgia, it is easy to see that we really have reason to call ourselves Europeans. First of all. The present work is aimed at studying and fully presenting the history of European-Georgian relations; the role and significance of translation, journalism and fiction in bringing Georgia closer to Europe; the turning of the viewpoint of Georgian society towards European ideals and the struggle for the establishment of the cultural traditions of Europeanism.
{"title":"Cultural Heritage of Europeism in Georgian Publicist and Artistic Texts","authors":"Marine Sioridze, Ketevan Svanidze","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Due to historical ill-fate, Georgia found itself cut off from European civilization and culture for a long time. The catastrophe caused by the fall of Constantinople in the 15th century placed Georgia under an aggressive Islamic siege, posing a mortal threat to the existence of its nation-state and at the same time cutting the spiritual and cultural arteries that historically connected Georgia with Europe. The process of “re-Europeanization” (Siradze, 2008, p. 213) was first systematically revealed in the Georgian writing of the so-called “transitional century” (the turn of the 18th-19th centuries) and spread in all spheres of life throughout the 19th century. It should be emphasized that for our leaders, Europeanism was essentially not a matter of social-cultural orientation or vector, but the return of Georgian culture to its native bosom, native living and mental space, the restoration of the natural path of development. The 19th century saw great interest in Europe and its literature. The term \"Europeanism\" has been established since the 1850s. As for the content of the term itself, when defining the essence of Europeanism, we rely mainly on the point of view of Friedrich Nietzsche that Europe, as a term denoting culture, refers to those peoples who have a common past with the Greek and Roman civilizations, in the form of the Bible and Christianity. If we take into account Nietzsche’s definition and compare it with the history of Georgia, it is easy to see that we really have reason to call ourselves Europeans. First of all. The present work is aimed at studying and fully presenting the history of European-Georgian relations; the role and significance of translation, journalism and fiction in bringing Georgia closer to Europe; the turning of the viewpoint of Georgian society towards European ideals and the struggle for the establishment of the cultural traditions of Europeanism.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v33i2.15
Antony Hoyte-West
Grădina de sticlă (The Glass Garden) is the second novel by the prize-winning Moldovan and Romanian author Tatiana Ţîbuleac. Set in Soviet Chişinău towards the end of the communist era, the book is narrated by a Moldovan-speaking young girl who has been adopted by an elderly Russian-speaking woman. Language and identity play key roles in the book, as the child is encouraged to forgo the Moldovan language and to learn how to speak Russian, the language of Soviet prestige and power. This personal struggle occurs against the background of the major sociopolitical and linguistic changes of perestroika and beyond, including the independence of Moldova, and is reflected by the fact that the text of the novel itself (though originally written in Ro-manian) is sprinkled with words and phrases in untransliterated Russian. Accordingly, noting that this complex linguistic situation could conceivably pose a challenge for translators of the novel into other languages, this study contrasts the original with its Spanish version, El jardín de vidrio. The aim is to show how, as part of the legacy of Soviet rule, the enduring complexities of Moldova’s linguistic and socio-political situation can be rendered through translation. Focussing initially on how the Spanish translation deals with the general features of Moldova’s language situation, it then moves to detailing how the novel’s frequent usage of Russian and the Cyrillic script is accommodated in the translated version. Lastly, selected aspects centring on the interplay between languages (e.g. differences in script and lexis, wordplay, misspellings) are scrutinised.
玻璃花园》（Grădina de sticlă）是摩尔多瓦和罗马尼亚获奖作家塔蒂亚娜-齐布莱亚茨（Tatiana Ţîbuleac）的第二部小说。故事发生在共产主义时代即将结束的前苏联基希讷乌，叙述者是一位讲摩尔多瓦语的小女孩，她被一位讲俄语的老妇人收养。语言和身份在书中起着关键作用，因为孩子被鼓励放弃摩尔多瓦语，学习讲俄语，俄语是苏联威望和权力的语言。这种个人的挣扎是在改革开放及其他重大社会政治和语言变革（包括摩尔多瓦的独立）的背景下发生的，小说文本本身（尽管最初是用罗曼语写成的）中不时出现未经翻译的俄语单词和短语这一事实也反映了这一点。因此，本研究注意到这种复杂的语言状况可能会给将小说翻译成其他语言的译者带来挑战，因此将原著与西班牙语版本《El jardín de vidrio》进行了对比。目的是说明，作为苏联统治遗留下来的一部分，摩尔多瓦语言和社会政治局势的持久复杂性如何通过翻译呈现出来。首先重点介绍了西班牙文译本如何处理摩尔多瓦语言状况的一般特征，然后详细介绍了小说中频繁使用的俄文和西里尔文字在译本中是如何得到处理的。最后，围绕语言之间的相互作用（如文字和词法的差异、文字游戏、拼写错误等），对某些方面进行了仔细研究。
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