{"title":"New Technologies and Journalistic Practices at the Time of COVID-19 in Africa","authors":"Paluku Kamili Jean-Paul, Nyakundi Nyamboga Erneo, Nyaole-Kowuor Rosemary","doi":"10.4236/ajc.2023.113020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2023.113020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405628,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Journalism and Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130672750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contemporary Arab Media Reality Problems and Solutions","authors":"Mohamad Firas Naeb, Sameer O. A. Baniyassen","doi":"10.4236/ajc.2022.104023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2022.104023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405628,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Journalism and Communication","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124499035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Media concentration in the hands of a few individuals/tycoons has been noted to have a negative effect on journalism. Thus, who owns and runs the media matters. This piece of research went beyond already established patterns like public and private to examine salient media ownership patterns within these two grand patterns and to establish the relationship with professionalism in Cameroon. The study made use of a mixed methods approach utilising both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Guided by Altschull’s media ownership theory and the social responsibility theory of Siebert et al., the study found out that beyond private and public media ownership, other salient media ownership patterns exist, such as horizontal ownership (Newspaper 29.3%, Radio 27.9%, TV 11.1%), conglomerate ownership (8.9%) cross ownership (8.1%), sole proprietor ownership(4.3%), vertical ownership (3.3%), religious ownership (2.4%), community ownership (1.4%) regional line ownership (1.1%), political line ownership (0.5%) and co-ownership (0.3%). With this diversified ownership pattern, Cameroon portrays a unique ownership trend similar to those of many African countries but very different from ownership trends in the USA, Europe and other parts of the world where media concentration lies in the hands of one family or a few individuals. Though media concentration is not very visible in Cameroon, some key players in the likes of the Cameroon government (CRTV and SOPECAM), the Groupe l’Anecdote, when it comes to specific media ownership patterns the relationship among these variables varies. Media owners were found to have an influence on journalists and media content which affects professional aptitude by using various means, including media policy, direct instructions in the editing of news stories, sanctions and orientation of new recruits to the editorial policy of the media house. As a result, basic elements of professional ethics like truth, verification, relevance, balance, fairness and objectivity are compromised in favour of the owner’s interests. The study therefore, recommends strict respect for professional norms and canons by both journalists and media owners. Additionally, the government’s policy of administrative tolerance on setting up a media organ should be accompanied by strict follow-up measures such as the readiness of such organs to operate in terms of acquiring the necessary equipment, qualified personnel (who will perform their functions freely and objectively) and budget to sustain it.
媒体集中在少数个人/大亨手中对新闻业产生了负面影响。因此，谁拥有和经营媒体很重要。这项研究超越了已经建立的公共和私人模式，在这两大模式中考察了突出的媒体所有权模式，并建立了喀麦隆与专业精神的关系。该研究采用了定性和定量分析相结合的混合方法。在Altschull的媒体所有权理论和Siebert等人的社会责任理论的指导下，研究发现，除了私人和公共媒体所有权之外，还存在其他显著的媒体所有权模式，如横向所有权(报纸29.3%，广播27.9%，电视11.1%)，企业集团所有权(8.9%)，交叉所有权(8.1%)，独资所有者所有权(4.3%)，垂直所有权(3.3%)，宗教所有权(2.4%)，社区所有权(1.4%)，区域线所有权(1.1%)。政治路线所有权(0.5%)和共同所有权(0.3%)。通过这种多元化的所有权模式，喀麦隆呈现出一种独特的所有权趋势，与许多非洲国家类似，但与美国、欧洲和世界其他地区的所有权趋势截然不同，在这些地区，媒体集中在一个家庭或少数人手中。虽然媒体集中度在喀麦隆并不明显，但喀麦隆政府(CRTV和SOPECAM)、Groupe l '轶事等关键人物，在涉及特定媒体所有权模式时，这些变量之间的关系各不相同。研究发现，媒体所有者通过各种手段，包括媒体政策、对新闻报道的编辑进行直接指示、制裁和向新聘人员介绍媒体公司的编辑政策，对记者和影响专业能力的媒体内容施加影响。因此，真实、核实、相关性、平衡、公平和客观等职业道德的基本要素被损害，以有利于所有者的利益。因此，该研究建议记者和媒体所有者严格遵守专业规范和准则。此外，政府对设立新闻机构的行政容忍政策应附有严格的后续措施，例如使这些机构在获得必要的设备、合格的人员(他们将自由和客观地履行其职能)和维持该机构的预算方面做好运作的准备。
{"title":"Beyond Public and Private Ownership: Analysis of Media Ownership Patterns in Cameroon and Implications on Journalists’ Professional Aptitude","authors":"Dominic E. Forcha, K. L. Ngange","doi":"10.4236/ajc.2022.103019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2022.103019","url":null,"abstract":"Media concentration in the hands of a few individuals/tycoons has been noted to have a negative effect on journalism. Thus, who owns and runs the media matters. This piece of research went beyond already established patterns like public and private to examine salient media ownership patterns within these two grand patterns and to establish the relationship with professionalism in Cameroon. The study made use of a mixed methods approach utilising both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Guided by Altschull’s media ownership theory and the social responsibility theory of Siebert et al., the study found out that beyond private and public media ownership, other salient media ownership patterns exist, such as horizontal ownership (Newspaper 29.3%, Radio 27.9%, TV 11.1%), conglomerate ownership (8.9%) cross ownership (8.1%), sole proprietor ownership(4.3%), vertical ownership (3.3%), religious ownership (2.4%), community ownership (1.4%) regional line ownership (1.1%), political line ownership (0.5%) and co-ownership (0.3%). With this diversified ownership pattern, Cameroon portrays a unique ownership trend similar to those of many African countries but very different from ownership trends in the USA, Europe and other parts of the world where media concentration lies in the hands of one family or a few individuals. Though media concentration is not very visible in Cameroon, some key players in the likes of the Cameroon government (CRTV and SOPECAM), the Groupe l’Anecdote, when it comes to specific media ownership patterns the relationship among these variables varies. Media owners were found to have an influence on journalists and media content which affects professional aptitude by using various means, including media policy, direct instructions in the editing of news stories, sanctions and orientation of new recruits to the editorial policy of the media house. As a result, basic elements of professional ethics like truth, verification, relevance, balance, fairness and objectivity are compromised in favour of the owner’s interests. The study therefore, recommends strict respect for professional norms and canons by both journalists and media owners. Additionally, the government’s policy of administrative tolerance on setting up a media organ should be accompanied by strict follow-up measures such as the readiness of such organs to operate in terms of acquiring the necessary equipment, qualified personnel (who will perform their functions freely and objectively) and budget to sustain it.","PeriodicalId":405628,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Journalism and Communication","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121647448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussions on Freedom of the Press and Freedom of Expression in Türkiye: Analyzing the News Coverage of the “Disinformation Bill”","authors":"A. F. Şen","doi":"10.4236/ajc.2022.104025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2022.104025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405628,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Journalism and Communication","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132104280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Musical and Extra-Musical Factors Contribute to the Meaning of Popular Music: A Critical Analysis of “Zombie” by the Cranberries","authors":"Jing Song","doi":"10.4236/ajc.2022.102013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2022.102013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405628,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Journalism and Communication","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132246379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study of Intercultural Communicative Competence in ELT","authors":"Bo Jiang, Li Liu, Ziwei Guo, Yufei Wang","doi":"10.4236/ajc.2022.103018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2022.103018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405628,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Journalism and Communication","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121021779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issue of fake news and disinformation remains widespread in Bangladesh. The author produced a video documentary “Making OR Faking” that focuses on how this issue affects journalism practices in the mainstream media in Bangladesh. In this piece, the author reflects on how the making of the documentary shaped his understanding of the issue. Undertaking a qualita-tive approach, the author used semi-structured interviews to explore the insights and perspectives of key informants. Critical reflections on the metho-dological aspects of the filmmaking process highlight the challenges in pro-cessing the construction of meaning through moving images. The analyses of the findings underscore the conceptual issues in understanding fake news and disinformation, the emergence of fake news in Bangladesh, and the impacts on the mainstream media. The article also explores potential ways to tackle this issue. parts—scope and key reflections and and conclusions.
{"title":"Making a Video Documentary on Fake News and Disinformation in Bangladesh: Critical Reflections and Learning","authors":"M. Hoque","doi":"10.4236/ajc.2022.102010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2022.102010","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of fake news and disinformation remains widespread in Bangladesh. The author produced a video documentary “Making OR Faking” that focuses on how this issue affects journalism practices in the mainstream media in Bangladesh. In this piece, the author reflects on how the making of the documentary shaped his understanding of the issue. Undertaking a qualita-tive approach, the author used semi-structured interviews to explore the insights and perspectives of key informants. Critical reflections on the metho-dological aspects of the filmmaking process highlight the challenges in pro-cessing the construction of meaning through moving images. The analyses of the findings underscore the conceptual issues in understanding fake news and disinformation, the emergence of fake news in Bangladesh, and the impacts on the mainstream media. The article also explores potential ways to tackle this issue. parts—scope and key reflections and and conclusions.","PeriodicalId":405628,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Journalism and Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129756517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scarlet H. Tso, W. Lin, Yuk Tai Siu, Zhaoxun Song, Chih-Yu Chang
{"title":"Exploring the “Inoculated Spiral of Silence” Effect on the Formation of Public Opinion about Controversial Issues in Hong Kong","authors":"Scarlet H. Tso, W. Lin, Yuk Tai Siu, Zhaoxun Song, Chih-Yu Chang","doi":"10.4236/ajc.2022.104029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2022.104029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405628,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Journalism and Communication","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132355172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research Progress and Hotspots in Epidemics and Public Opinion: Visual Review Based on CiteSpace","authors":"Chuying Kang, Muhammad ZaffwanIdris, Juan Liu","doi":"10.4236/ajc.2023.112008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2023.112008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405628,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Journalism and Communication","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122859329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the end of the 1990s, common phenomena can be seen in the youth culture of East Asian cities. The works they like to read have changed. Literature is no longer the most popular field for them. The number of people who like manga, animation, light novels, etc. is constantly increasing. And the way they read texts has also changed. If it can be said that most of the previous readers pay attention to interpreting the author’s thoughts or appreciating the storyline and style, many young readers now pay attention to the character. This means that they do not regard the work as an organic whole, but as a combination of several elements (=modules), and they appreciate each module separately. They also store the modules in their mind as a database, and take it out to rebuild the module freely, and then appreciate it again. This change has also brought about changes in readers’ request for works. If it can be said that former readers seek to get in touch with human, social, and historical truth through works, young readers now seek to communicate with fellow-friends through works. Behind this phenomenon are changes in the mood of young people. They feel a certain barrier to society, and many people have a sense of loneliness, blockage, and emptiness. It is not simple change in the trend from literature to subculture. It means the fundamental changes that modern culture has faced since its formation in the 19th century. The way Haruki Murakami ( 村上春樹 )’s fans read his works is a typical example of the changes in literary reading. They resonate with the sense of loneliness, blockage, and emptiness of the work. In a sense, Not only their reading method but also their activity is similar with the subculture fans. For example, exchange activities between fans are active. Judging from the situation of the fans of Haruki Murakami above, the readership of literary works seems to have begun to change. Haruki Murakami may be one of the very few writers who can adapt to such changes in the readership. Perhaps this is an important reason for his popularity all over the world. To this point, Haruki Murakami, like subculture, represents a major turning point in modern culture.
{"title":"Haruki Murakami and the Transition of Modern Culture —From the Perspective of Young Readers in East Asian Cities","authors":"Senno Takumasa","doi":"10.4236/ajc.2021.94011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2021.94011","url":null,"abstract":"Since the end of the 1990s, common phenomena can be seen in the youth culture of East Asian cities. The works they like to read have changed. Literature is no longer the most popular field for them. The number of people who like manga, animation, light novels, etc. is constantly increasing. And the way they read texts has also changed. If it can be said that most of the previous readers pay attention to interpreting the author’s thoughts or appreciating the storyline and style, many young readers now pay attention to the character. This means that they do not regard the work as an organic whole, but as a combination of several elements (=modules), and they appreciate each module separately. They also store the modules in their mind as a database, and take it out to rebuild the module freely, and then appreciate it again. This change has also brought about changes in readers’ request for works. If it can be said that former readers seek to get in touch with human, social, and historical truth through works, young readers now seek to communicate with fellow-friends through works. Behind this phenomenon are changes in the mood of young people. They feel a certain barrier to society, and many people have a sense of loneliness, blockage, and emptiness. It is not simple change in the trend from literature to subculture. It means the fundamental changes that modern culture has faced since its formation in the 19th century. The way Haruki Murakami ( 村上春樹 )’s fans read his works is a typical example of the changes in literary reading. They resonate with the sense of loneliness, blockage, and emptiness of the work. In a sense, Not only their reading method but also their activity is similar with the subculture fans. For example, exchange activities between fans are active. Judging from the situation of the fans of Haruki Murakami above, the readership of literary works seems to have begun to change. Haruki Murakami may be one of the very few writers who can adapt to such changes in the readership. Perhaps this is an important reason for his popularity all over the world. To this point, Haruki Murakami, like subculture, represents a major turning point in modern culture.","PeriodicalId":405628,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Journalism and Communication","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131762709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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