Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2020.20005
K. Feidantsis, A. Ntokou, B. Michaelidis
This study aimed to investigate the role of seasonal environmental variations in oocyte growth, oocyte maturity stages, and reproductive capacity of Sparus aurata . To model this in the field, two groups of fish were placed for a 1-year period at two depths: 0-2 m and 10-12 m. Environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water transparency were monitored, and oocyte number was estimated using standard gravimetric techniques. Oocytes were categorized as primary, cortical alveoli, vitellogenic, hydrated, and atretic and were analyzed according to their shape and diameter. Oocyte maturation period was found to initiate in September and peak in November. During this process, the oocytes appeared to shift from more irregular to elliptical shape. Differences in the oocytes of the two groups, mainly con-cerning the higher vitellogenic and atretic oocyte number of the 10-12 m group compared with the 0-2 m, supported with gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index, might reflect the light intensity and temperature effects. Moreover, using the principal components analysis, we observed a possible link between the environmental temperature and light and the onset of spawning. Findings of this study provide a better understanding of S. aurata breeding pattern and may benefit the management of this highly commercial species.
{"title":"Effect of Seasonality on Oocyte Growth, Oocyte Maturity Stages, and Reproductive Capacity in the Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) in Relation with Depth","authors":"K. Feidantsis, A. Ntokou, B. Michaelidis","doi":"10.5152/actavet.2020.20005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2020.20005","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the role of seasonal environmental variations in oocyte growth, oocyte maturity stages, and reproductive capacity of Sparus aurata . To model this in the field, two groups of fish were placed for a 1-year period at two depths: 0-2 m and 10-12 m. Environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water transparency were monitored, and oocyte number was estimated using standard gravimetric techniques. Oocytes were categorized as primary, cortical alveoli, vitellogenic, hydrated, and atretic and were analyzed according to their shape and diameter. Oocyte maturation period was found to initiate in September and peak in November. During this process, the oocytes appeared to shift from more irregular to elliptical shape. Differences in the oocytes of the two groups, mainly con-cerning the higher vitellogenic and atretic oocyte number of the 10-12 m group compared with the 0-2 m, supported with gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index, might reflect the light intensity and temperature effects. Moreover, using the principal components analysis, we observed a possible link between the environmental temperature and light and the onset of spawning. Findings of this study provide a better understanding of S. aurata breeding pattern and may benefit the management of this highly commercial species.","PeriodicalId":40564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Eurasia","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82405231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2020.20002
H. Aydın, V. Gelen, E. Sengul, S. Yıldırım
Papillomavirus is a viral agent that induces the formation of benign tumors in mammals. There are different treatment methods for cutaneous papilloma caused by the bovine papillomavirus (BPV), and one of them is autogenous vaccination. We aimed to investigate the immunological effects of autogenous vaccination in cattle. In this study, 30 cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis were included. The diagnosis was made by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. As a result of the phylogenetic analyses, the pathogen responsible for the papilloma was classified as BPV-2 type in the genus of Delta papillomavirus. The papilloma tissue specimens collected from each animal were used to prepare the autogenous vaccine. The autogenous vaccine was administered once a week for 4 weeks. The blood samples collected before and after the vaccination were immunologically analyzed. It was determined that the autogenous vaccination led to an increase in the leukocyte, lymphocyte, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Once the vaccine was administered, regression started in the cutaneous papilloma in the first month. As a result, bovine papillomatosis is an economically important infection for dairy farming. It has been concluded that autogenous vaccination is a practical therapeutic method that causes lesions to regress, especially by triggering IL-6 and lymphocyte production in the cattle infected with papillomavirus.
{"title":"Immunological Effects of Autogenous Vaccine Administration in Cattle with Cutaneous Papillomatosis","authors":"H. Aydın, V. Gelen, E. Sengul, S. Yıldırım","doi":"10.5152/actavet.2020.20002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2020.20002","url":null,"abstract":"Papillomavirus is a viral agent that induces the formation of benign tumors in mammals. There are different treatment methods for cutaneous papilloma caused by the bovine papillomavirus (BPV), and one of them is autogenous vaccination. We aimed to investigate the immunological effects of autogenous vaccination in cattle. In this study, 30 cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis were included. The diagnosis was made by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. As a result of the phylogenetic analyses, the pathogen responsible for the papilloma was classified as BPV-2 type in the genus of Delta papillomavirus. The papilloma tissue specimens collected from each animal were used to prepare the autogenous vaccine. The autogenous vaccine was administered once a week for 4 weeks. The blood samples collected before and after the vaccination were immunologically analyzed. It was determined that the autogenous vaccination led to an increase in the leukocyte, lymphocyte, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Once the vaccine was administered, regression started in the cutaneous papilloma in the first month. As a result, bovine papillomatosis is an economically important infection for dairy farming. It has been concluded that autogenous vaccination is a practical therapeutic method that causes lesions to regress, especially by triggering IL-6 and lymphocyte production in the cattle infected with papillomavirus.","PeriodicalId":40564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Eurasia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74705005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-14DOI: 10.5152/ACTAVET.2018.007
I. Adeshina, Adetola Jenyo Oni, B. Emikpe, E. Ajani
Bu calismada farkli solventlerin aktif maddeler ile Ocimum gratissimum ’ un taze yapraklari ve Eugenia caryophyllata ’ nin kuru tomurcuklarinin antimikrobial performanslari uzerindeki etkileri arastirildi. Bitki parcaciklari soxhlet cihazi icerisinde dietil eter, etil asetat ve etanol kullanilarak ekstrakte edildi. Bitkilerin fito-bilesenleri, gaz kromatografisi- kutle spektrometresi (GC-MS) kullanilarak saptandi. Yuksek ojenol konsantrasyonlu ekstrakt 7 islemde hazirlandi (160, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, and 0 mg/mL) ve Listeria monocytogenes ’ e karsi agar kuyucuk difuzyon metodu ile 3 kez tekrar edilerek test edildi. Minimum inhibitor konsantrasyonu (MIC) ve inhibisyon sahasi standart teknik kullanilarak tespit edildi. Veriler istatistiki olarak hesaplandi ve α 0.05 duzeyinde tek yonlu varyans analizi (ANOVA) yapildi. Sonuclara gore ekstraktin fito-kimyasal konsantrasyonu solventler ile iliskili olarak anlamli olcude (p<0,05) farklilik gosterdi. Etil asetat kullanilarak elde edilen E. caryophyllata ekstraktinin en yuksek (%71,32); O. Gratissimum ’ un ise %16,67 oraninda ojenol konsantrasyonu icerdigi gozlendi. Bulgulara gore, Ocimum gratissimum ’ un taze yapraklari ve Eugenia caryophyllata ’ nin kuru tomurcuklarinin sirasiyla 13,33 mm ve 19,00 mm ’ lik inhibisyon sahalari ile L. Monocytogenes ’ e karsi antimikrobiyel aktivite gosterdigi ve MIC degerinin 80 mg/mL oldugu belirlendi. Bu sonuclar, Ocimum gratissimum ’ un taze yapraklari ve Eugenia caryophyllata ’ nin kuru tomurcuklarinin gida kaynakli bakterilerin, ozellikle L. Monocytogenes ’ in gelisimini engellemek icin kullanabileceklerini kanitlamaktadir.
{"title":"Effect of Solvents on Phytoconstituents and Antimicrobial Activities of Ocimum gratissimum and Eugenia caryophyllata Extracts on Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"I. Adeshina, Adetola Jenyo Oni, B. Emikpe, E. Ajani","doi":"10.5152/ACTAVET.2018.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/ACTAVET.2018.007","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calismada farkli solventlerin aktif maddeler ile Ocimum gratissimum ’ un taze yapraklari ve Eugenia caryophyllata ’ nin kuru tomurcuklarinin antimikrobial performanslari uzerindeki etkileri arastirildi. Bitki parcaciklari soxhlet cihazi icerisinde dietil eter, etil asetat ve etanol kullanilarak ekstrakte edildi. Bitkilerin fito-bilesenleri, gaz kromatografisi- kutle spektrometresi (GC-MS) kullanilarak saptandi. Yuksek ojenol konsantrasyonlu ekstrakt 7 islemde hazirlandi (160, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, and 0 mg/mL) ve Listeria monocytogenes ’ e karsi agar kuyucuk difuzyon metodu ile 3 kez tekrar edilerek test edildi. Minimum inhibitor konsantrasyonu (MIC) ve inhibisyon sahasi standart teknik kullanilarak tespit edildi. Veriler istatistiki olarak hesaplandi ve α 0.05 duzeyinde tek yonlu varyans analizi (ANOVA) yapildi. Sonuclara gore ekstraktin fito-kimyasal konsantrasyonu solventler ile iliskili olarak anlamli olcude (p<0,05) farklilik gosterdi. Etil asetat kullanilarak elde edilen E. caryophyllata ekstraktinin en yuksek (%71,32); O. Gratissimum ’ un ise %16,67 oraninda ojenol konsantrasyonu icerdigi gozlendi. Bulgulara gore, Ocimum gratissimum ’ un taze yapraklari ve Eugenia caryophyllata ’ nin kuru tomurcuklarinin sirasiyla 13,33 mm ve 19,00 mm ’ lik inhibisyon sahalari ile L. Monocytogenes ’ e karsi antimikrobiyel aktivite gosterdigi ve MIC degerinin 80 mg/mL oldugu belirlendi. Bu sonuclar, Ocimum gratissimum ’ un taze yapraklari ve Eugenia caryophyllata ’ nin kuru tomurcuklarinin gida kaynakli bakterilerin, ozellikle L. Monocytogenes ’ in gelisimini engellemek icin kullanabileceklerini kanitlamaktadir.","PeriodicalId":40564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Eurasia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75639660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-09DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2020.19034
D. Yesilbag, İ. Çeti̇n, F. Balci, S. Ardıçlı, M. Ozyigit, S. Cengiz
We studied the effects on the performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens who were given Macleaya cordata (M. cordata) extract alone and those given a newly developed plant extract mixture (PEM) as a natural feed additive in the diet. Total 240 Ross 308 male chicks were used in this study and divided into 4 groups of 60 chicks each. For the experimental groups, 100 ppm PEM was added to the diet of group I (PEM 100); 200 ppm PEM was added for group II (PEM 200), and 18 ppm M. cordata extract (MCE) was added for group III. Although there were no significant differences in the feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, and carcass yield, other performance variables, including body weight, body weight gain, and feed intake were significantly affected. An analysis of the data from this study showed that specified feed additives decreased the ileal inflammation score without changing the villus height in the duodenum of the chickens. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MCE supplement alone and the effects of newly developed PEM improved the performance parameters. Moreover, it can be said that it has an intestinal inflammation-reducing effect. Thus, this supplementation may have the potential to improve intestinal health.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Two Commercial Plant Extracts on the Growth Performance and Ileal Inflammation Score in Broiler Chickens","authors":"D. Yesilbag, İ. Çeti̇n, F. Balci, S. Ardıçlı, M. Ozyigit, S. Cengiz","doi":"10.5152/actavet.2020.19034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2020.19034","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the effects on the performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens who were given Macleaya cordata (M. cordata) extract alone and those given a newly developed plant extract mixture (PEM) as a natural feed additive in the diet. Total 240 Ross 308 male chicks were used in this study and divided into 4 groups of 60 chicks each. For the experimental groups, 100 ppm PEM was added to the diet of group I (PEM 100); 200 ppm PEM was added for group II (PEM 200), and 18 ppm M. cordata extract (MCE) was added for group III. Although there were no significant differences in the feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, and carcass yield, other performance variables, including body weight, body weight gain, and feed intake were significantly affected. An analysis of the data from this study showed that specified feed additives decreased the ileal inflammation score without changing the villus height in the duodenum of the chickens. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MCE supplement alone and the effects of newly developed PEM improved the performance parameters. Moreover, it can be said that it has an intestinal inflammation-reducing effect. Thus, this supplementation may have the potential to improve intestinal health.","PeriodicalId":40564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Eurasia","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89267130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-13DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2019.19015
U. Gunsen, H. Eseceli, R. Atan
DOI : 10.5152/actavet.2019.19015 The Bandirma district of Balikesir province has an important place in terms of production and export of aquatic and frozen fish products. Silverfish (Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810) has high protein quality (protein content >70%) and low price. It constitutes an important alternative source of raw material for economic fish meal production. Fresh silverfish exported to the European countries in recent years is demanded in two different product forms: Frozen and breaded frozen. In this study, the production of frozen silverfish was carried out in a business that produced aquaculture products for a considerable level of export in Bandirma. The production flow diagram, in accordance with TS EN ISO 22000 Food Safety Management System and British Retail Consortium Standard, was defined to obtain a safe product in accordance with customer expectations and needs. Hazard analysis was carried out by analyzing each step using decision tree. In this way, potential hazards and the precautions to be taken to prevent them, critical control points, and critical limits belonging to these points have been set forth. Cite this article as : Gunsen, U., Eseceli, H., Atan, R.M., 2019. Determination of Critical Control Points and Potential Hazard Analysis in the Production of Frozen Silverfish (Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810). Acta Vet Eurasia 45, 80-90.
Balikesir省Bandirma地区在水产和冷冻鱼产品的生产和出口方面占有重要地位。银鱼(Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810)蛋白质质量高(蛋白质含量>70%)，价格低廉。它是经济鱼粉生产的重要替代原料来源。近年来出口到欧洲国家的新鲜银鱼有两种不同的产品形式:冷冻和面包屑冷冻。在本研究中，冷冻银鱼的生产是在Bandirma的一家企业进行的，该企业生产的水产养殖产品具有相当大的出口水平。根据TS EN ISO 22000食品安全管理体系和英国零售协会标准定义生产流程图，以获得符合客户期望和需求的安全产品。采用决策树法对各步骤进行危害分析。通过这种方式，提出了潜在的危害和预防措施、关键控制点和属于这些点的临界极限。本文引自:Gunsen, U, Eseceli, H.， Atan, r.m.， 2019。冷冻银鱼生产中关键控制点的确定和潜在危害分析(Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810)。中国生物医学工程学报(英文版)，45(5):80-90。
{"title":"Determination of Critical Control Points and Potential Hazard Analysis in the Production of Frozen Silverfish (Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810)","authors":"U. Gunsen, H. Eseceli, R. Atan","doi":"10.5152/actavet.2019.19015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2019.19015","url":null,"abstract":"DOI : 10.5152/actavet.2019.19015 The Bandirma district of Balikesir province has an important place in terms of production and export of aquatic and frozen fish products. Silverfish (Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810) has high protein quality (protein content >70%) and low price. It constitutes an important alternative source of raw material for economic fish meal production. Fresh silverfish exported to the European countries in recent years is demanded in two different product forms: Frozen and breaded frozen. In this study, the production of frozen silverfish was carried out in a business that produced aquaculture products for a considerable level of export in Bandirma. The production flow diagram, in accordance with TS EN ISO 22000 Food Safety Management System and British Retail Consortium Standard, was defined to obtain a safe product in accordance with customer expectations and needs. Hazard analysis was carried out by analyzing each step using decision tree. In this way, potential hazards and the precautions to be taken to prevent them, critical control points, and critical limits belonging to these points have been set forth. Cite this article as : Gunsen, U., Eseceli, H., Atan, R.M., 2019. Determination of Critical Control Points and Potential Hazard Analysis in the Production of Frozen Silverfish (Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810). Acta Vet Eurasia 45, 80-90.","PeriodicalId":40564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Eurasia","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84756534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-13DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2019.19022
A. Mete
Nowadays, many disinfectants and antiseptics are used for decontamination purposes in equine hospitals, on racetracks, and breeding farms, but generally, these antimicrobial agents are not tested against commonly encountered pathogens, and they are used with unknown antimicrobial efficacy. The antimicrobial efficacies of ethanol, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, sodium hypochloride, peroxymonosulfate compound, and benzalkonium chloride were analyzed using the quantitative suspension test method against the field isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Streprococcus zooepidemicus, Streptococcus equi, Rhodococcus equi, and Staphylococcus auerus, which are the most frequ-ently encountered pathogens of equines, in the presence of organic load (10% fetal bovine serum) after 1 min, 5 mins, and 30 mins contact times at 20°C. A log reduction of five or more (5 log ≤) in cfu counts of the tested pathogens was considered as effective for each disinfectant and antiseptic. According to the results, except for sodium hypochloride in the 1/100 dilution, all other disinfectants and antiseptics achieved a minimum 5 log reduction and were found to be effective against all tested isolates. Decreased dilutions and/or direct use of the sodium hypochloride should be tested against the same bacterial agents, as well as with multiple field strains. In addition, reference strains of the microorganisms should be evaluated in further studies.
{"title":"Antibacterial Efficacy of Some Antiseptics and Disinfectants against Common Bacterial Agents Isolated from Horses in Turkey","authors":"A. Mete","doi":"10.5152/actavet.2019.19022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2019.19022","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, many disinfectants and antiseptics are used for decontamination purposes in equine hospitals, on racetracks, and breeding farms, but generally, these antimicrobial agents are not tested against commonly encountered pathogens, and they are used with unknown antimicrobial efficacy. The antimicrobial efficacies of ethanol, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, sodium hypochloride, peroxymonosulfate compound, and benzalkonium chloride were analyzed using the quantitative suspension test method against the field isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Streprococcus zooepidemicus, Streptococcus equi, Rhodococcus equi, and Staphylococcus auerus, which are the most frequ-ently encountered pathogens of equines, in the presence of organic load (10% fetal bovine serum) after 1 min, 5 mins, and 30 mins contact times at 20°C. A log reduction of five or more (5 log ≤) in cfu counts of the tested pathogens was considered as effective for each disinfectant and antiseptic. According to the results, except for sodium hypochloride in the 1/100 dilution, all other disinfectants and antiseptics achieved a minimum 5 log reduction and were found to be effective against all tested isolates. Decreased dilutions and/or direct use of the sodium hypochloride should be tested against the same bacterial agents, as well as with multiple field strains. In addition, reference strains of the microorganisms should be evaluated in further studies.","PeriodicalId":40564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Eurasia","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81487904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-13DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2019.19012
H. Akyol, S. Koçak
DOI : 10.5152/actavet.2019.19012 The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological characteristics and breeding conditions of pacing horses in the Afyonkarahisar province. A total of 117 head of pacing horses, as well as farm operations and opinions of horse owners, were evaluated. The overall means of height at wither, body length, rump length, chest depth, chest circumference, head length, and forehead width were measured: 142.42, 145.15, 49.77, 55.43, 161.44, 51.94, and 21.52 cm respectively. It was determined that horses with Turkish native genotypes and 1-3 elder horses had the lowest body measurements. It was determined that the pacing horses had the bay, chestnut, gray, black, and chestnut paint coat colors. It has been determined that, in the choosing of pacing horses, horse owners pay great attention to the parent information (71.1%), the temperament (71.1%), body condition (68.9%), and the foot-nail structure (62.2%) of horses. As a result, it was concluded that the pacing horses with native genotypes in the Afyonkarahisar province were smaller than those who were crossbred and of foreign origin. Also, it was determined that the horses examined were of the bay, chestnut, gray, and black coat colors. In addition, it was concluded that the breeding conditions of pacing horses should be improved, and the horse owners should be informed about horse training and exercising. Cite this article as : Akyol, H., Kocak, S., 2019. Morphological Characteristics of Pacing Horses and Examination of Breeding Conditions. Acta Vet Eurasia 45, 91-95.
{"title":"Morphological Characteristics of Pacing Horses and Examination of Breeding Conditions*","authors":"H. Akyol, S. Koçak","doi":"10.5152/actavet.2019.19012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2019.19012","url":null,"abstract":"DOI : 10.5152/actavet.2019.19012 The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological characteristics and breeding conditions of pacing horses in the Afyonkarahisar province. A total of 117 head of pacing horses, as well as farm operations and opinions of horse owners, were evaluated. The overall means of height at wither, body length, rump length, chest depth, chest circumference, head length, and forehead width were measured: 142.42, 145.15, 49.77, 55.43, 161.44, 51.94, and 21.52 cm respectively. It was determined that horses with Turkish native genotypes and 1-3 elder horses had the lowest body measurements. It was determined that the pacing horses had the bay, chestnut, gray, black, and chestnut paint coat colors. It has been determined that, in the choosing of pacing horses, horse owners pay great attention to the parent information (71.1%), the temperament (71.1%), body condition (68.9%), and the foot-nail structure (62.2%) of horses. As a result, it was concluded that the pacing horses with native genotypes in the Afyonkarahisar province were smaller than those who were crossbred and of foreign origin. Also, it was determined that the horses examined were of the bay, chestnut, gray, and black coat colors. In addition, it was concluded that the breeding conditions of pacing horses should be improved, and the horse owners should be informed about horse training and exercising. Cite this article as : Akyol, H., Kocak, S., 2019. Morphological Characteristics of Pacing Horses and Examination of Breeding Conditions. Acta Vet Eurasia 45, 91-95.","PeriodicalId":40564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Eurasia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78686104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-13DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2019.19018
Muhammadmehdi Mirabad, A. Rezakhani
DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2019.19018 The use of sheep in experimental animal models has increased recently. In the present study, we investigated normal electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters of clinically healthy Shall sheep. The animals were divided into two gender and age groups. Electrocardiograms were recorded on a base-apex lead, using limb lead I for at least 2 minutes. The heart rate range was 71–166 beats/min, with an average and standard deviation of 112.47±29.36. Statistical tests did not reveal any significant differences between two genders and ECG parameters. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between different age groups in the heart rate (p<0.001), P duration (p=0.030), QRS duration (p=0.005), and the P–R interval (p=0.005), Q–T interval (p<0.001), and R–R interval (p<0.001). Sheep with sinus arrhythmias had a significantly lower mean heart rate than sheep with normal rhythm (p=0.007). Furthermore, an analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the age groups and the cardiac dysrhythmias (p<0.01). The results of this study can be used as a reference in studies on the Shall sheep breed. Cite this article as: Mirabad, M., Rezakhani, A., 2019. Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep. Acta Vet Eurasia 45, 96-100.
{"title":"Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep","authors":"Muhammadmehdi Mirabad, A. Rezakhani","doi":"10.5152/actavet.2019.19018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2019.19018","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.5152/actavet.2019.19018 The use of sheep in experimental animal models has increased recently. In the present study, we investigated normal electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters of clinically healthy Shall sheep. The animals were divided into two gender and age groups. Electrocardiograms were recorded on a base-apex lead, using limb lead I for at least 2 minutes. The heart rate range was 71–166 beats/min, with an average and standard deviation of 112.47±29.36. Statistical tests did not reveal any significant differences between two genders and ECG parameters. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between different age groups in the heart rate (p<0.001), P duration (p=0.030), QRS duration (p=0.005), and the P–R interval (p=0.005), Q–T interval (p<0.001), and R–R interval (p<0.001). Sheep with sinus arrhythmias had a significantly lower mean heart rate than sheep with normal rhythm (p=0.007). Furthermore, an analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the age groups and the cardiac dysrhythmias (p<0.01). The results of this study can be used as a reference in studies on the Shall sheep breed. Cite this article as: Mirabad, M., Rezakhani, A., 2019. Electrocardiographic Studies in Shall Sheep. Acta Vet Eurasia 45, 96-100.","PeriodicalId":40564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Eurasia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80958659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-21DOI: 10.26650/ACTAVET.2019.19004
O. Shkromada, O. Skliar, A. Pikhtirova, Gerun Inessa, H.Kondratieva Sumy Ukraine pathological physiology
The article deals with the data on the quantitative and species composition of somatic cells in milk of cows of Black spotted breed. In the main period of lactation, the number of somatic cells in milk is up to 100 ths/cm 3 . In cases of subclinical mastitis, the somatic cell count in the udder secretion increases to 30-35 mL/cm 3 . However, it should be noted that in the case of subclinical mastitis their number increases in thousands times. Thus, studying the species composition of somatic cells and morphological structure of basophils in milk of cows with subclinical mastitis, we did not find any relationship between their number, morphological structure and period of disease. Results of our study show that pathogenic staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus) were the cause of subclinical mastitis in 67-73% of cases. Streptococcus agalactiae caused the disease in about 20% of all cases. The results of the study of bacterial contamination of the udder skin showed that regardless of the animal age, pathogens of subclinical mastitis are always present on the udder skin. The main carrier of the subclinical mastitis pathogens from the sick animal to the healthy one is the rubber of milking cups.
{"title":"Pathogens transmission and cytological composition of cow’s milk","authors":"O. Shkromada, O. Skliar, A. Pikhtirova, Gerun Inessa, H.Kondratieva Sumy Ukraine pathological physiology","doi":"10.26650/ACTAVET.2019.19004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/ACTAVET.2019.19004","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the data on the quantitative and species composition of somatic cells in milk of cows of Black spotted breed. In the main period of lactation, the number of somatic cells in milk is up to 100 ths/cm 3 . In cases of subclinical mastitis, the somatic cell count in the udder secretion increases to 30-35 mL/cm 3 . However, it should be noted that in the case of subclinical mastitis their number increases in thousands times. Thus, studying the species composition of somatic cells and morphological structure of basophils in milk of cows with subclinical mastitis, we did not find any relationship between their number, morphological structure and period of disease. Results of our study show that pathogenic staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus) were the cause of subclinical mastitis in 67-73% of cases. Streptococcus agalactiae caused the disease in about 20% of all cases. The results of the study of bacterial contamination of the udder skin showed that regardless of the animal age, pathogens of subclinical mastitis are always present on the udder skin. The main carrier of the subclinical mastitis pathogens from the sick animal to the healthy one is the rubber of milking cups.","PeriodicalId":40564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Eurasia","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79555186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.26650/ACTAVET.2019.18007
C. Çelik, S. Ikiz
DOI : 10.26650/actavet.2019.18007 This study was designed to investigate the presence and the prevalence of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii in sheep carcass swabs and feces from sheep with and without diarrhea raised in Istanbul. Also it was aimed to determine their resistance profiles against some antimicrobials. For this purpose, 50 fecal samples from sheep without diarrhea, 50 fecal samples from sheep with diarrhea, and 50 carcass swab samples from sheep were the material of this study. Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 49 (32.6%) of total 150 samples. 34 samples (68%) of 50 fecal samples from sheep with diarrhea, 5 samples (10%) from 50 fecal samples of sheep without diarrhea and 10 samples (20%) of 50 sheep carcass swabs were found to be positive according to isolation results. According to multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) results, 31 of 49 were identified as A. skirrowii (63.3%), 9 of 49 were A. butzleri (18.3%), while 9 of 49 were A. cryaerophilus (18.3%). As a conclusion, Arcobacter species should be taken into consideration especially in sheep with diarrhea. Additionally, it should be considered that arcobacters have started to gain resistance against fluoroquinolones. Cite this article as : Celik, C., Ikiz, S., 2019. The Investigation of the Presence and Antimicrobial Profiles of Arcobacter Species in Sheep Carcasses and Feces. Acta Vet Eurasia 2019; DOI: 10.26650/actavet.2019.18007
{"title":"The Investigation of the Presence and Antimicrobial Profiles of Arcobacter Species in Sheep Carcasses and Feces","authors":"C. Çelik, S. Ikiz","doi":"10.26650/ACTAVET.2019.18007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26650/ACTAVET.2019.18007","url":null,"abstract":"DOI : 10.26650/actavet.2019.18007 This study was designed to investigate the presence and the prevalence of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii in sheep carcass swabs and feces from sheep with and without diarrhea raised in Istanbul. Also it was aimed to determine their resistance profiles against some antimicrobials. For this purpose, 50 fecal samples from sheep without diarrhea, 50 fecal samples from sheep with diarrhea, and 50 carcass swab samples from sheep were the material of this study. Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 49 (32.6%) of total 150 samples. 34 samples (68%) of 50 fecal samples from sheep with diarrhea, 5 samples (10%) from 50 fecal samples of sheep without diarrhea and 10 samples (20%) of 50 sheep carcass swabs were found to be positive according to isolation results. According to multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) results, 31 of 49 were identified as A. skirrowii (63.3%), 9 of 49 were A. butzleri (18.3%), while 9 of 49 were A. cryaerophilus (18.3%). As a conclusion, Arcobacter species should be taken into consideration especially in sheep with diarrhea. Additionally, it should be considered that arcobacters have started to gain resistance against fluoroquinolones. Cite this article as : Celik, C., Ikiz, S., 2019. The Investigation of the Presence and Antimicrobial Profiles of Arcobacter Species in Sheep Carcasses and Feces. Acta Vet Eurasia 2019; DOI: 10.26650/actavet.2019.18007","PeriodicalId":40564,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Eurasia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83258172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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